Android #53

Buffer Cache: fix discard writes.

.codespellrc

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 
 [codespell]
 skip = ./.git,./build,./dist,./Doxyfile,./externals,./LICENSES,./src/android/app/src/main/res
-ignore-words-list = aci,allright,ba,deques,froms,hda,inout,lod,masia,nam,nax,nd,optin,pullrequests,pullrequest,te,transfered,unstall,uscaled,zink
+ignore-words-list = aci,allright,ba,canonicalizations,deques,froms,hda,inout,lod,masia,nam,nax,nd,optin,pullrequests,pullrequest,te,transfered,unstall,uscaled,zink

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ option(YUZU_TESTS "Compile tests" "${BUILD_TESTING}")
 
 option(YUZU_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS "Use precompiled headers" ON)
 
-cmake_dependent_option(YUZU_ROOM "Compile LDN room server" ON "NOT ANDROID" OFF)
+CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(YUZU_ROOM "Compile LDN room server" ON "NOT ANDROID" OFF)
 
 CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(YUZU_CRASH_DUMPS "Compile Windows crash dump (Minidump) support" OFF "WIN32" OFF)
 
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ option(YUZU_DOWNLOAD_TIME_ZONE_DATA "Always download time zone binaries" OFF)
 
 CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(YUZU_USE_FASTER_LD "Check if a faster linker is available" ON "NOT WIN32" OFF)
 
+CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(USE_SYSTEM_MOLTENVK "Use the system MoltenVK lib (instead of the bundled one)" OFF "APPLE" OFF)
+
 set(DEFAULT_ENABLE_OPENSSL ON)
 if (ANDROID OR WIN32 OR APPLE)
     # - Windows defaults to the Schannel backend.

CMakeModules/DownloadExternals.cmake

@@ -36,3 +36,21 @@ endif()
 message(STATUS "Using bundled binaries at ${prefix}")
 set(${prefix_var} "${prefix}" PARENT_SCOPE)
 endfunction()
+
+function(download_moltenvk_external platform version)
+    set(MOLTENVK_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/externals/MoltenVK")
+    set(MOLTENVK_TAR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/externals/MoltenVK.tar")
+    if (NOT EXISTS ${MOLTENVK_DIR})
+        if (NOT EXISTS ${MOLTENVK_TAR})
+            file(DOWNLOAD https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/releases/download/${version}/MoltenVK-${platform}.tar
+                ${MOLTENVK_TAR} SHOW_PROGRESS)
+        endif()
+
+        execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xf "${MOLTENVK_TAR}"
+            WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/externals")
+    endif()
+
+    # Add the MoltenVK library path to the prefix so find_library can locate it.
+    list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${MOLTENVK_DIR}/MoltenVK/dylib/${platform}")
+    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+| Pull Request | Commit | Title | Author | Merged? |
+|----|----|----|----|----|
+
+
+End of merge log. You can find the original README.md below the break.
+
+-----
+
 <!--
 SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
@@ -40,7 +48,7 @@ It is written in C++ with portability in mind, and we actively maintain builds f
 
 The emulator is capable of running most commercial games at full speed, provided you meet the [necessary hardware requirements](https://yuzu-emu.org/help/quickstart/#hardware-requirements).
 
-For a full list of games yuzu support, please visit our [Compatibility page](https://yuzu-emu.org/game/)
+For a full list of games yuzu supports, please visit our [Compatibility page](https://yuzu-emu.org/game/).
 
 Check out our [website](https://yuzu-emu.org/) for the latest news on exciting features, monthly progress reports, and more!
 

dist/qt_themes/default/style.qss

@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ QPushButton#buttonRefreshDevices {
     max-height: 21px;
 }
 
+QPushButton#button_reset_defaults {
+    min-width: 57px;
+    padding: 4px 8px;
+}
+
 QWidget#bottomPerGameInput,
 QWidget#topControllerApplet,
 QWidget#bottomControllerApplet,

dist/qt_themes/qdarkstyle_midnight_blue/style.qss

@@ -2228,6 +2228,10 @@ QPushButton#buttonRefreshDevices {
   padding: 0px 0px;
 }
 
+QPushButton#button_reset_defaults {
+    padding: 3px 6px;
+}
+
 QSpinBox#spinboxLStickRange,
 QSpinBox#spinboxRStickRange,
 QSpinBox#vibrationSpinPlayer1,

externals/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ endif()
 # mbedtls
 add_subdirectory(mbedtls)
 target_include_directories(mbedtls PUBLIC ./mbedtls/include)
+if (NOT MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(mbedcrypto PRIVATE
+        -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
+        -Wno-string-concatenation)
+endif()
 
 # MicroProfile
 add_library(microprofile INTERFACE)
@@ -94,6 +99,12 @@ if (ENABLE_CUBEB AND NOT TARGET cubeb::cubeb)
     set(BUILD_TOOLS OFF)
     add_subdirectory(cubeb)
     add_library(cubeb::cubeb ALIAS cubeb)
+    if (NOT MSVC)
+        if (TARGET speex)
+            target_compile_options(speex PRIVATE -Wno-sign-compare)
+        endif()
+        target_compile_options(cubeb PRIVATE -Wno-implicit-const-int-float-conversion)
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 # DiscordRPC
@@ -151,6 +162,9 @@ endif()
 if (NOT TARGET LLVM::Demangle)
     add_library(demangle demangle/ItaniumDemangle.cpp)
     target_include_directories(demangle PUBLIC ./demangle)
+    if (NOT MSVC)
+        target_compile_options(demangle PRIVATE -Wno-deprecated-declarations) # std::is_pod
+    endif()
     add_library(LLVM::Demangle ALIAS demangle)
 endif()
 

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ if (MSVC)
     # /volatile:iso       - Use strict standards-compliant volatile semantics.
     # /Zc:externConstexpr - Allow extern constexpr variables to have external linkage, like the standard mandates
     # /Zc:inline          - Let codegen omit inline functions in object files
+    # /Zc:preprocessor    - Enable standards-conforming preprocessor
     # /Zc:throwingNew     - Let codegen assume `operator new` (without std::nothrow) will never return null
     # /GT                 - Supports fiber safety for data allocated using static thread-local storage
     add_compile_options(
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ if (MSVC)
         /volatile:iso
         /Zc:externConstexpr
         /Zc:inline
+        /Zc:preprocessor
         /Zc:throwingNew
         /GT
 
@@ -112,16 +114,19 @@ else()
         -Wno-attributes
         -Wno-invalid-offsetof
         -Wno-unused-parameter
-
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-Wno-braced-scalar-init>
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-Wno-unused-private-field>
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-Werror=shadow-uncaptured-local>
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-Werror=implicit-fallthrough>
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-Werror=type-limits>
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:AppleClang>:-Wno-braced-scalar-init>
-        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:AppleClang>:-Wno-unused-private-field>
     )
 
+    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES Clang) # Clang or AppleClang
+        add_compile_options(
+            -Wno-braced-scalar-init
+            -Wno-unused-private-field
+            -Wno-nullability-completeness
+            -Werror=shadow-uncaptured-local
+            -Werror=implicit-fallthrough
+            -Werror=type-limits
+        )
+    endif()
+
     if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
         add_compile_options("-mcx16")
         add_compile_options("-fwrapv")
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ else()
     endif()
 
     # GCC bugs
-    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "12" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "11" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
         # These diagnostics would be great if they worked, but are just completely broken
         # and produce bogus errors on external libraries like fmt.
         add_compile_options(

src/android/app/build.gradle.kts

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ android {
         // builds a release build that doesn't need signing
         // Attaches 'debug' suffix to version and package name, allowing installation alongside the release build.
         register("relWithDebInfo") {
+            isDefault = true
             resValue("string", "app_name_suffixed", "yuzu Debug Release")
             signingConfig = signingConfigs.getByName("debug")
             isMinifyEnabled = true
@@ -122,6 +123,7 @@ android {
     flavorDimensions.add("version")
     productFlavors {
         create("mainline") {
+            isDefault = true
             dimension = "version"
             buildConfigField("Boolean", "PREMIUM", "false")
         }
@@ -160,6 +162,11 @@ android {
     }
 }
 
+tasks.create<Delete>("ktlintReset") {
+    delete(File(buildDir.path + File.separator + "intermediates/ktLint"))
+}
+
+tasks.getByPath("loadKtlintReporters").dependsOn("ktlintReset")
 tasks.getByPath("preBuild").dependsOn("ktlintCheck")
 
 ktlint {

src/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
         android:hasFragileUserData="false"
         android:supportsRtl="true"
         android:isGame="true"
+        android:appCategory="game"
         android:localeConfig="@xml/locales_config"
         android:banner="@drawable/tv_banner"
         android:extractNativeLibs="true"

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/adapters/HomeSettingAdapter.kt

@@ -3,19 +3,25 @@
 
 package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.adapters
 
+import android.text.TextUtils
 import android.view.LayoutInflater
 import android.view.View
 import android.view.ViewGroup
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import androidx.core.content.res.ResourcesCompat
+import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.R
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.CardHomeOptionBinding
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.fragments.MessageDialogFragment
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.HomeSetting
 
-class HomeSettingAdapter(private val activity: AppCompatActivity, var options: List<HomeSetting>) :
+class HomeSettingAdapter(
+    private val activity: AppCompatActivity,
+    private val viewLifecycle: LifecycleOwner,
+    var options: List<HomeSetting>
+) :
     RecyclerView.Adapter<HomeSettingAdapter.HomeOptionViewHolder>(),
     View.OnClickListener {
     override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): HomeOptionViewHolder {
@@ -79,6 +85,22 @@ class HomeSettingAdapter(private val activity: AppCompatActivity, var options: L
                 binding.optionDescription.alpha = 0.5f
                 binding.optionIcon.alpha = 0.5f
             }
+
+            option.details.observe(viewLifecycle) { updateOptionDetails(it) }
+            binding.optionDetail.postDelayed(
+                {
+                    binding.optionDetail.ellipsize = TextUtils.TruncateAt.MARQUEE
+                    binding.optionDetail.isSelected = true
+                },
+                3000
+            )
+        }
+
+        private fun updateOptionDetails(detailString: String) {
+            if (detailString.isNotEmpty()) {
+                binding.optionDetail.text = detailString
+                binding.optionDetail.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/adapters/LicenseAdapter.kt

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class LicenseAdapter(private val activity: AppCompatActivity, var licenses: List
             val context = YuzuApplication.appContext
             binding.textSettingName.text = context.getString(license.titleId)
             binding.textSettingDescription.text = context.getString(license.descriptionId)
+            binding.textSettingValue.visibility = View.GONE
         }
     }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/adapters/SetupAdapter.kt

@@ -5,13 +5,19 @@ package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.adapters
 
 import android.text.Html
 import android.view.LayoutInflater
+import android.view.View
 import android.view.ViewGroup
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
 import androidx.core.content.res.ResourcesCompat
+import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
 import com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.PageSetupBinding
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.HomeViewModel
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.SetupCallback
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.SetupPage
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.StepState
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.ViewUtils
 
 class SetupAdapter(val activity: AppCompatActivity, val pages: List<SetupPage>) :
     RecyclerView.Adapter<SetupAdapter.SetupPageViewHolder>() {
@@ -26,7 +32,7 @@ class SetupAdapter(val activity: AppCompatActivity, val pages: List<SetupPage>)
         holder.bind(pages[position])
 
     inner class SetupPageViewHolder(val binding: PageSetupBinding) :
-        RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {
+        RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root), SetupCallback {
         lateinit var page: SetupPage
 
         init {
@@ -35,6 +41,12 @@ class SetupAdapter(val activity: AppCompatActivity, val pages: List<SetupPage>)
 
         fun bind(page: SetupPage) {
             this.page = page
+
+            if (page.stepCompleted.invoke() == StepState.COMPLETE) {
+                binding.buttonAction.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
+                binding.textConfirmation.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+            }
+
             binding.icon.setImageDrawable(
                 ResourcesCompat.getDrawable(
                     activity.resources,
@@ -62,9 +74,15 @@ class SetupAdapter(val activity: AppCompatActivity, val pages: List<SetupPage>)
                         MaterialButton.ICON_GRAVITY_END
                     }
                 setOnClickListener {
-                    page.buttonAction.invoke()
+                    page.buttonAction.invoke(this@SetupPageViewHolder)
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        override fun onStepCompleted() {
+            ViewUtils.hideView(binding.buttonAction, 200)
+            ViewUtils.showView(binding.textConfirmation, 200)
+            ViewModelProvider(activity)[HomeViewModel::class.java].setShouldPageForward(true)
+        }
     }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/SettingsAdapter.kt

@@ -207,8 +207,11 @@ class SettingsAdapter(
         val sliderBinding = DialogSliderBinding.inflate(inflater)
 
         textSliderValue = sliderBinding.textValue
-        textSliderValue!!.text = sliderProgress.toString()
-        sliderBinding.textUnits.text = item.units
+        textSliderValue!!.text = String.format(
+            context.getString(R.string.value_with_units),
+            sliderProgress.toString(),
+            item.units
+        )
 
         sliderBinding.slider.apply {
             valueFrom = item.min.toFloat()
@@ -216,7 +219,11 @@ class SettingsAdapter(
             value = sliderProgress.toFloat()
             addOnChangeListener { _: Slider, value: Float, _: Boolean ->
                 sliderProgress = value.toInt()
-                textSliderValue!!.text = sliderProgress.toString()
+                textSliderValue!!.text = String.format(
+                    context.getString(R.string.value_with_units),
+                    sliderProgress.toString(),
+                    item.units
+                )
             }
         }
 
@@ -225,10 +232,6 @@ class SettingsAdapter(
             .setView(sliderBinding.root)
             .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, this)
             .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, defaultCancelListener)
-            .setNeutralButton(R.string.slider_default) { dialog: DialogInterface, which: Int ->
-                sliderBinding.slider.value = item.defaultValue!!.toFloat()
-                onClick(dialog, which)
-            }
             .show()
     }
 

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/DateTimeViewHolder.kt

@@ -25,12 +25,17 @@ class DateTimeViewHolder(val binding: ListItemSettingBinding, adapter: SettingsA
             binding.textSettingDescription.setText(item.descriptionId)
             binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.VISIBLE
         } else {
-            val epochTime = setting.value.toLong()
-            val instant = Instant.ofEpochMilli(epochTime * 1000)
-            val zonedTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(instant, ZoneId.of("UTC"))
-            val dateFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM)
-            binding.textSettingDescription.text = dateFormatter.format(zonedTime)
+            binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
         }
+
+        binding.textSettingValue.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+        val epochTime = setting.value.toLong()
+        val instant = Instant.ofEpochMilli(epochTime * 1000)
+        val zonedTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(instant, ZoneId.of("UTC"))
+        val dateFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM)
+        binding.textSettingValue.text = dateFormatter.format(zonedTime)
+
+        setStyle(setting.isEditable, binding)
     }
 
     override fun onClick(clicked: View) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/RunnableViewHolder.kt

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ class RunnableViewHolder(val binding: ListItemSettingBinding, adapter: SettingsA
         } else {
             binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
         }
+        binding.textSettingValue.visibility = View.GONE
+
+        setStyle(setting.isEditable, binding)
     }
 
     override fun onClick(clicked: View) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/SettingViewHolder.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.ui.viewholder
 
 import android.view.View
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.ListItemSettingBinding
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.ListItemSettingSwitchBinding
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.view.SettingsItem
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.ui.SettingsAdapter
 
@@ -33,4 +35,18 @@ abstract class SettingViewHolder(itemView: View, protected val adapter: Settings
     abstract override fun onClick(clicked: View)
 
     abstract override fun onLongClick(clicked: View): Boolean
+
+    fun setStyle(isEditable: Boolean, binding: ListItemSettingBinding) {
+        val opacity = if (isEditable) 1.0f else 0.5f
+        binding.textSettingName.alpha = opacity
+        binding.textSettingDescription.alpha = opacity
+        binding.textSettingValue.alpha = opacity
+    }
+
+    fun setStyle(isEditable: Boolean, binding: ListItemSettingSwitchBinding) {
+        binding.switchWidget.isEnabled = isEditable
+        val opacity = if (isEditable) 1.0f else 0.5f
+        binding.textSettingName.alpha = opacity
+        binding.textSettingDescription.alpha = opacity
+    }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/SingleChoiceViewHolder.kt

@@ -17,28 +17,33 @@ class SingleChoiceViewHolder(val binding: ListItemSettingBinding, adapter: Setti
     override fun bind(item: SettingsItem) {
         setting = item
         binding.textSettingName.setText(item.nameId)
-        binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.VISIBLE
         if (item.descriptionId != 0) {
             binding.textSettingDescription.setText(item.descriptionId)
-        } else if (item is SingleChoiceSetting) {
-            val resMgr = binding.textSettingDescription.context.resources
+            binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+        } else {
+            binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
+        }
+
+        binding.textSettingValue.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+        if (item is SingleChoiceSetting) {
+            val resMgr = binding.textSettingValue.context.resources
             val values = resMgr.getIntArray(item.valuesId)
             for (i in values.indices) {
                 if (values[i] == item.selectedValue) {
-                    binding.textSettingDescription.text = resMgr.getStringArray(item.choicesId)[i]
-                    return
+                    binding.textSettingValue.text = resMgr.getStringArray(item.choicesId)[i]
+                    break
                 }
             }
         } else if (item is StringSingleChoiceSetting) {
             for (i in item.values!!.indices) {
                 if (item.values[i] == item.selectedValue) {
-                    binding.textSettingDescription.text = item.choices[i]
-                    return
+                    binding.textSettingValue.text = item.choices[i]
+                    break
                 }
             }
-        } else {
-            binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
         }
+
+        setStyle(setting.isEditable, binding)
     }
 
     override fun onClick(clicked: View) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/SliderViewHolder.kt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.ui.viewholder
 
 import android.view.View
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.R
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.ListItemSettingBinding
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.view.SettingsItem
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.view.SliderSetting
@@ -22,6 +23,14 @@ class SliderViewHolder(val binding: ListItemSettingBinding, adapter: SettingsAda
         } else {
             binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
         }
+        binding.textSettingValue.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+        binding.textSettingValue.text = String.format(
+            binding.textSettingValue.context.getString(R.string.value_with_units),
+            setting.selectedValue,
+            setting.units
+        )
+
+        setStyle(setting.isEditable, binding)
     }
 
     override fun onClick(clicked: View) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/SubmenuViewHolder.kt

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class SubmenuViewHolder(val binding: ListItemSettingBinding, adapter: SettingsAd
         } else {
             binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
         }
+        binding.textSettingValue.visibility = View.GONE
     }
 
     override fun onClick(clicked: View) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/viewholder/SwitchSettingViewHolder.kt

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ class SwitchSettingViewHolder(val binding: ListItemSettingSwitchBinding, adapter
             binding.textSettingDescription.text = ""
             binding.textSettingDescription.visibility = View.GONE
         }
-        binding.switchWidget.isChecked = setting.isChecked
         binding.switchWidget.setOnCheckedChangeListener { _: CompoundButton, _: Boolean ->
             adapter.onBooleanClick(item, bindingAdapterPosition, binding.switchWidget.isChecked)
         }
+        binding.switchWidget.isChecked = setting.isChecked
 
-        binding.switchWidget.isEnabled = setting.isEditable
+        setStyle(setting.isEditable, binding)
     }
 
     override fun onClick(clicked: View) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/fragments/EmulationFragment.kt

@@ -297,11 +297,11 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
         emulationActivity?.let {
             it.requestedOrientation = when (IntSetting.RENDERER_SCREEN_LAYOUT.int) {
                 Settings.LayoutOption_MobileLandscape ->
-                    ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_LANDSCAPE
+                    ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR_LANDSCAPE
                 Settings.LayoutOption_MobilePortrait ->
                     ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_PORTRAIT
                 Settings.LayoutOption_Unspecified -> ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED
-                else -> ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_LANDSCAPE
+                else -> ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR_LANDSCAPE
             }
         }
     }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/fragments/HomeSettingsFragment.kt

@@ -129,7 +129,11 @@ class HomeSettingsFragment : Fragment() {
                         mainActivity.getGamesDirectory.launch(
                             Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE).data
                         )
-                    }
+                    },
+                    { true },
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    homeViewModel.gamesDir
                 )
             )
             add(
@@ -201,7 +205,11 @@ class HomeSettingsFragment : Fragment() {
 
         binding.homeSettingsList.apply {
             layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(requireContext())
-            adapter = HomeSettingAdapter(requireActivity() as AppCompatActivity, optionsList)
+            adapter = HomeSettingAdapter(
+                requireActivity() as AppCompatActivity,
+                viewLifecycleOwner,
+                optionsList
+            )
         }
 
         setInsets()

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/fragments/SetupFragment.kt

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
 import androidx.core.view.isVisible
+import androidx.core.view.updatePadding
 import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
 import androidx.fragment.app.activityViewModels
 import androidx.navigation.findNavController
@@ -32,10 +33,13 @@ import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.adapters.SetupAdapter
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.FragmentSetupBinding
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.Settings
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.HomeViewModel
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.SetupCallback
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.SetupPage
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.StepState
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.ui.main.MainActivity
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.DirectoryInitialization
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.GameHelper
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.ViewUtils
 
 class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
     private var _binding: FragmentSetupBinding? = null
@@ -112,14 +116,22 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
                         0,
                         false,
                         R.string.give_permission,
-                        { permissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) },
+                        {
+                            notificationCallback = it
+                            permissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS)
+                        },
                         true,
                         R.string.notification_warning,
                         R.string.notification_warning_description,
                         0,
                         {
-                            NotificationManagerCompat.from(requireContext())
+                            if (NotificationManagerCompat.from(requireContext())
                                 .areNotificationsEnabled()
+                            ) {
+                                StepState.COMPLETE
+                            } else {
+                                StepState.INCOMPLETE
+                            }
                         }
                     )
                 )
@@ -133,12 +145,22 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
                     R.drawable.ic_add,
                     true,
                     R.string.select_keys,
-                    { mainActivity.getProdKey.launch(arrayOf("*/*")) },
+                    {
+                        keyCallback = it
+                        getProdKey.launch(arrayOf("*/*"))
+                    },
                     true,
                     R.string.install_prod_keys_warning,
                     R.string.install_prod_keys_warning_description,
                     R.string.install_prod_keys_warning_help,
-                    { File(DirectoryInitialization.userDirectory + "/keys/prod.keys").exists() }
+                    {
+                        val file = File(DirectoryInitialization.userDirectory + "/keys/prod.keys")
+                        if (file.exists()) {
+                            StepState.COMPLETE
+                        } else {
+                            StepState.INCOMPLETE
+                        }
+                    }
                 )
             )
             add(
@@ -150,9 +172,8 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
                     true,
                     R.string.add_games,
                     {
-                        mainActivity.getGamesDirectory.launch(
-                            Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE).data
-                        )
+                        gamesDirCallback = it
+                        getGamesDirectory.launch(Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE).data)
                     },
                     true,
                     R.string.add_games_warning,
@@ -163,7 +184,11 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
                             PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(
                                 YuzuApplication.appContext
                             )
-                        preferences.getString(GameHelper.KEY_GAME_PATH, "")!!.isNotEmpty()
+                        if (preferences.getString(GameHelper.KEY_GAME_PATH, "")!!.isNotEmpty()) {
+                            StepState.COMPLETE
+                        } else {
+                            StepState.INCOMPLETE
+                        }
                     }
                 )
             )
@@ -181,6 +206,13 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
             )
         }
 
+        homeViewModel.shouldPageForward.observe(viewLifecycleOwner) {
+            if (it) {
+                pageForward()
+                homeViewModel.setShouldPageForward(false)
+            }
+        }
+
         binding.viewPager2.apply {
             adapter = SetupAdapter(requireActivity() as AppCompatActivity, pages)
             offscreenPageLimit = 2
@@ -194,15 +226,15 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
                 super.onPageSelected(position)
 
                 if (position == 1 && previousPosition == 0) {
-                    showView(binding.buttonNext)
-                    showView(binding.buttonBack)
+                    ViewUtils.showView(binding.buttonNext)
+                    ViewUtils.showView(binding.buttonBack)
                 } else if (position == 0 && previousPosition == 1) {
-                    hideView(binding.buttonBack)
-                    hideView(binding.buttonNext)
+                    ViewUtils.hideView(binding.buttonBack)
+                    ViewUtils.hideView(binding.buttonNext)
                 } else if (position == pages.size - 1 && previousPosition == pages.size - 2) {
-                    hideView(binding.buttonNext)
+                    ViewUtils.hideView(binding.buttonNext)
                 } else if (position == pages.size - 2 && previousPosition == pages.size - 1) {
-                    showView(binding.buttonNext)
+                    ViewUtils.showView(binding.buttonNext)
                 }
 
                 previousPosition = position
@@ -215,7 +247,8 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
 
             // Checks if the user has completed the task on the current page
             if (currentPage.hasWarning) {
-                if (currentPage.taskCompleted.invoke()) {
+                val stepState = currentPage.stepCompleted.invoke()
+                if (stepState != StepState.INCOMPLETE) {
                     pageForward()
                     return@setOnClickListener
                 }
@@ -264,9 +297,15 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
         _binding = null
     }
 
+    private lateinit var notificationCallback: SetupCallback
+
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private val permissionLauncher =
         registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()) {
+            if (it) {
+                notificationCallback.onStepCompleted()
+            }
+
             if (!it &&
                 !shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS)
             ) {
@@ -277,6 +316,27 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
             }
         }
 
+    private lateinit var keyCallback: SetupCallback
+
+    val getProdKey =
+        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.OpenDocument()) { result ->
+            if (result != null) {
+                if (mainActivity.processKey(result)) {
+                    keyCallback.onStepCompleted()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    private lateinit var gamesDirCallback: SetupCallback
+
+    val getGamesDirectory =
+        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.OpenDocumentTree()) { result ->
+            if (result != null) {
+                mainActivity.processGamesDir(result)
+                gamesDirCallback.onStepCompleted()
+            }
+        }
+
     private fun finishSetup() {
         PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext).edit()
             .putBoolean(Settings.PREF_FIRST_APP_LAUNCH, false)
@@ -284,33 +344,6 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
         mainActivity.finishSetup(binding.root.findNavController())
     }
 
-    private fun showView(view: View) {
-        view.apply {
-            alpha = 0f
-            visibility = View.VISIBLE
-            isClickable = true
-        }.animate().apply {
-            duration = 300
-            alpha(1f)
-        }.start()
-    }
-
-    private fun hideView(view: View) {
-        if (view.visibility == View.INVISIBLE) {
-            return
-        }
-
-        view.apply {
-            alpha = 1f
-            isClickable = false
-        }.animate().apply {
-            duration = 300
-            alpha(0f)
-        }.withEndAction {
-            view.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
-        }
-    }
-
     fun pageForward() {
         binding.viewPager2.currentItem = binding.viewPager2.currentItem + 1
     }
@@ -326,15 +359,29 @@ class SetupFragment : Fragment() {
     private fun setInsets() =
         ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(
             binding.root
-        ) { view: View, windowInsets: WindowInsetsCompat ->
+        ) { _: View, windowInsets: WindowInsetsCompat ->
             val barInsets = windowInsets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars())
             val cutoutInsets = windowInsets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.displayCutout())
-            view.setPadding(
-                barInsets.left + cutoutInsets.left,
-                barInsets.top + cutoutInsets.top,
-                barInsets.right + cutoutInsets.right,
-                barInsets.bottom + cutoutInsets.bottom
-            )
+
+            val leftPadding = barInsets.left + cutoutInsets.left
+            val topPadding = barInsets.top + cutoutInsets.top
+            val rightPadding = barInsets.right + cutoutInsets.right
+            val bottomPadding = barInsets.bottom + cutoutInsets.bottom
+
+            if (resources.getBoolean(R.bool.small_layout)) {
+                binding.viewPager2
+                    .updatePadding(left = leftPadding, top = topPadding, right = rightPadding)
+                binding.constraintButtons
+                    .updatePadding(left = leftPadding, right = rightPadding, bottom = bottomPadding)
+            } else {
+                binding.viewPager2.updatePadding(top = topPadding, bottom = bottomPadding)
+                binding.constraintButtons
+                    .updatePadding(
+                        left = leftPadding,
+                        right = rightPadding,
+                        bottom = bottomPadding
+                    )
+            }
             windowInsets
         }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/model/HomeSetting.kt

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 
 package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model
 
+import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
+import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
+
 data class HomeSetting(
     val titleId: Int,
     val descriptionId: Int,
@@ -10,5 +13,6 @@ data class HomeSetting(
     val onClick: () -> Unit,
     val isEnabled: () -> Boolean = { true },
     val disabledTitleId: Int = 0,
-    val disabledMessageId: Int = 0
+    val disabledMessageId: Int = 0,
+    val details: LiveData<String> = MutableLiveData("")
 )

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/model/HomeViewModel.kt

@@ -3,9 +3,15 @@
 
 package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model
 
+import android.net.Uri
+import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity
 import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
 import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
 import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
+import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceManager
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.YuzuApplication
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.GameHelper
 
 class HomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
     private val _navigationVisible = MutableLiveData<Pair<Boolean, Boolean>>()
@@ -14,6 +20,17 @@ class HomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
     private val _statusBarShadeVisible = MutableLiveData(true)
     val statusBarShadeVisible: LiveData<Boolean> get() = _statusBarShadeVisible
 
+    private val _shouldPageForward = MutableLiveData(false)
+    val shouldPageForward: LiveData<Boolean> get() = _shouldPageForward
+
+    private val _gamesDir = MutableLiveData(
+        Uri.parse(
+            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext)
+                .getString(GameHelper.KEY_GAME_PATH, "")
+        ).path ?: ""
+    )
+    val gamesDir: LiveData<String> get() = _gamesDir
+
     var navigatedToSetup = false
 
     init {
@@ -33,4 +50,13 @@ class HomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
         }
         _statusBarShadeVisible.value = visible
     }
+
+    fun setShouldPageForward(pageForward: Boolean) {
+        _shouldPageForward.value = pageForward
+    }
+
+    fun setGamesDir(activity: FragmentActivity, dir: String) {
+        ViewModelProvider(activity)[GamesViewModel::class.java].reloadGames(true)
+        _gamesDir.value = dir
+    }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/model/SetupPage.kt

@@ -10,10 +10,20 @@ data class SetupPage(
     val buttonIconId: Int,
     val leftAlignedIcon: Boolean,
     val buttonTextId: Int,
-    val buttonAction: () -> Unit,
+    val buttonAction: (callback: SetupCallback) -> Unit,
     val hasWarning: Boolean,
     val warningTitleId: Int = 0,
     val warningDescriptionId: Int = 0,
     val warningHelpLinkId: Int = 0,
-    val taskCompleted: () -> Boolean = { true }
+    val stepCompleted: () -> StepState = { StepState.UNDEFINED }
 )
+
+interface SetupCallback {
+    fun onStepCompleted()
+}
+
+enum class StepState {
+    COMPLETE,
+    INCOMPLETE,
+    UNDEFINED
+}

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/ui/main/MainActivity.kt

@@ -266,74 +266,82 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(), ThemeProvider {
 
     val getGamesDirectory =
         registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.OpenDocumentTree()) { result ->
-            if (result == null) {
-                return@registerForActivityResult
+            if (result != null) {
+                processGamesDir(result)
             }
-
-            contentResolver.takePersistableUriPermission(
-                result,
-                Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
-            )
-
-            // When a new directory is picked, we currently will reset the existing games
-            // database. This effectively means that only one game directory is supported.
-            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(applicationContext).edit()
-                .putString(GameHelper.KEY_GAME_PATH, result.toString())
-                .apply()
-
-            Toast.makeText(
-                applicationContext,
-                R.string.games_dir_selected,
-                Toast.LENGTH_LONG
-            ).show()
-
-            gamesViewModel.reloadGames(true)
         }
 
+    fun processGamesDir(result: Uri) {
+        contentResolver.takePersistableUriPermission(
+            result,
+            Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
+        )
+
+        // When a new directory is picked, we currently will reset the existing games
+        // database. This effectively means that only one game directory is supported.
+        PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(applicationContext).edit()
+            .putString(GameHelper.KEY_GAME_PATH, result.toString())
+            .apply()
+
+        Toast.makeText(
+            applicationContext,
+            R.string.games_dir_selected,
+            Toast.LENGTH_LONG
+        ).show()
+
+        gamesViewModel.reloadGames(true)
+        homeViewModel.setGamesDir(this, result.path!!)
+    }
+
     val getProdKey =
         registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.OpenDocument()) { result ->
-            if (result == null) {
-                return@registerForActivityResult
-            }
-
-            if (FileUtil.getExtension(result) != "keys") {
-                MessageDialogFragment.newInstance(
-                    R.string.reading_keys_failure,
-                    R.string.install_prod_keys_failure_extension_description
-                ).show(supportFragmentManager, MessageDialogFragment.TAG)
-                return@registerForActivityResult
-            }
-
-            contentResolver.takePersistableUriPermission(
-                result,
-                Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
-            )
-
-            val dstPath = DirectoryInitialization.userDirectory + "/keys/"
-            if (FileUtil.copyUriToInternalStorage(
-                    applicationContext,
-                    result,
-                    dstPath,
-                    "prod.keys"
-                )
-            ) {
-                if (NativeLibrary.reloadKeys()) {
-                    Toast.makeText(
-                        applicationContext,
-                        R.string.install_keys_success,
-                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
-                    ).show()
-                    gamesViewModel.reloadGames(true)
-                } else {
-                    MessageDialogFragment.newInstance(
-                        R.string.invalid_keys_error,
-                        R.string.install_keys_failure_description,
-                        R.string.dumping_keys_quickstart_link
-                    ).show(supportFragmentManager, MessageDialogFragment.TAG)
-                }
+            if (result != null) {
+                processKey(result)
             }
         }
 
+    fun processKey(result: Uri): Boolean {
+        if (FileUtil.getExtension(result) != "keys") {
+            MessageDialogFragment.newInstance(
+                R.string.reading_keys_failure,
+                R.string.install_prod_keys_failure_extension_description
+            ).show(supportFragmentManager, MessageDialogFragment.TAG)
+            return false
+        }
+
+        contentResolver.takePersistableUriPermission(
+            result,
+            Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
+        )
+
+        val dstPath = DirectoryInitialization.userDirectory + "/keys/"
+        if (FileUtil.copyUriToInternalStorage(
+                applicationContext,
+                result,
+                dstPath,
+                "prod.keys"
+            )
+        ) {
+            if (NativeLibrary.reloadKeys()) {
+                Toast.makeText(
+                    applicationContext,
+                    R.string.install_keys_success,
+                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
+                ).show()
+                gamesViewModel.reloadGames(true)
+                return true
+            } else {
+                MessageDialogFragment.newInstance(
+                    R.string.invalid_keys_error,
+                    R.string.install_keys_failure_description,
+                    R.string.dumping_keys_quickstart_link
+                ).show(supportFragmentManager, MessageDialogFragment.TAG)
+                return false
+            }
+        }
+        return false
+    }
+
     val getFirmware =
         registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.OpenDocument()) { result ->
             if (result == null) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/utils/GameHelper.kt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.NativeLibrary
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.YuzuApplication
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.Game
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.MinimalDocumentFile
 
 object GameHelper {
     const val KEY_GAME_PATH = "game_path"
@@ -29,15 +30,7 @@ object GameHelper {
         // Ensure keys are loaded so that ROM metadata can be decrypted.
         NativeLibrary.reloadKeys()
 
-        val children = FileUtil.listFiles(context, gamesUri)
-        for (file in children) {
-            if (!file.isDirectory) {
-                // Check that the file has an extension we care about before trying to read out of it.
-                if (Game.extensions.contains(FileUtil.getExtension(file.uri))) {
-                    games.add(getGame(file.uri))
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        addGamesRecursive(games, FileUtil.listFiles(context, gamesUri), 3)
 
         // Cache list of games found on disk
         val serializedGames = mutableSetOf<String>()
@@ -52,6 +45,30 @@ object GameHelper {
         return games.toList()
     }
 
+    private fun addGamesRecursive(
+        games: MutableList<Game>,
+        files: Array<MinimalDocumentFile>,
+        depth: Int
+    ) {
+        if (depth <= 0) {
+            return
+        }
+
+        files.forEach {
+            if (it.isDirectory) {
+                addGamesRecursive(
+                    games,
+                    FileUtil.listFiles(YuzuApplication.appContext, it.uri),
+                    depth - 1
+                )
+            } else {
+                if (Game.extensions.contains(FileUtil.getExtension(it.uri))) {
+                    games.add(getGame(it.uri))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun getGame(uri: Uri): Game {
         val filePath = uri.toString()
         var name = NativeLibrary.getTitle(filePath)

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/utils/ViewUtils.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils
+
+import android.view.View
+
+object ViewUtils {
+    fun showView(view: View, length: Long = 300) {
+        view.apply {
+            alpha = 0f
+            visibility = View.VISIBLE
+            isClickable = true
+        }.animate().apply {
+            duration = length
+            alpha(1f)
+        }.start()
+    }
+
+    fun hideView(view: View, length: Long = 300) {
+        if (view.visibility == View.INVISIBLE) {
+            return
+        }
+
+        view.apply {
+            alpha = 1f
+            isClickable = false
+        }.animate().apply {
+            duration = length
+            alpha(0f)
+        }.withEndAction {
+            view.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
+        }.start()
+    }
+}

src/android/app/src/main/jni/config.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "common/fs/path_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.h"
 #include "input_common/main.h"
 #include "jni/config.h"
@@ -144,21 +145,25 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
                                                     Service::Account::MAX_USERS - 1);
 
     // Disable docked mode by default on Android
-    Settings::values.use_docked_mode = config->GetBoolean("System", "use_docked_mode", false);
+    Settings::values.use_docked_mode.SetValue(config->GetBoolean("System", "use_docked_mode", false)
+                                                  ? Settings::ConsoleMode::Docked
+                                                  : Settings::ConsoleMode::Handheld);
 
     const auto rng_seed_enabled = config->GetBoolean("System", "rng_seed_enabled", false);
     if (rng_seed_enabled) {
         Settings::values.rng_seed.SetValue(config->GetInteger("System", "rng_seed", 0));
     } else {
-        Settings::values.rng_seed.SetValue(std::nullopt);
+        Settings::values.rng_seed.SetValue(0);
     }
+    Settings::values.rng_seed_enabled.SetValue(rng_seed_enabled);
 
     const auto custom_rtc_enabled = config->GetBoolean("System", "custom_rtc_enabled", false);
     if (custom_rtc_enabled) {
         Settings::values.custom_rtc = config->GetInteger("System", "custom_rtc", 0);
     } else {
-        Settings::values.custom_rtc = std::nullopt;
+        Settings::values.custom_rtc = 0;
     }
+    Settings::values.custom_rtc_enabled = custom_rtc_enabled;
 
     ReadSetting("System", Settings::values.language_index);
     ReadSetting("System", Settings::values.region_index);
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
 
     // Core
     ReadSetting("Core", Settings::values.use_multi_core);
-    ReadSetting("Core", Settings::values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout);
+    ReadSetting("Core", Settings::values.memory_layout_mode);
 
     // Cpu
     ReadSetting("Cpu", Settings::values.cpu_accuracy);
@@ -222,14 +227,17 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.bg_blue);
 
     // Use GPU accuracy normal by default on Android
-    Settings::values.gpu_accuracy = static_cast<Settings::GPUAccuracy>(config->GetInteger(
-        "Renderer", "gpu_accuracy", static_cast<u32>(Settings::GPUAccuracy::Normal)));
+    Settings::values.gpu_accuracy = static_cast<Settings::GpuAccuracy>(config->GetInteger(
+        "Renderer", "gpu_accuracy", static_cast<u32>(Settings::GpuAccuracy::Normal)));
 
     // Use GPU default anisotropic filtering on Android
-    Settings::values.max_anisotropy = config->GetInteger("Renderer", "max_anisotropy", 1);
+    Settings::values.max_anisotropy =
+        static_cast<Settings::AnisotropyMode>(config->GetInteger("Renderer", "max_anisotropy", 1));
 
     // Disable ASTC compute by default on Android
-    Settings::values.accelerate_astc = config->GetBoolean("Renderer", "accelerate_astc", false);
+    Settings::values.accelerate_astc.SetValue(
+        config->GetBoolean("Renderer", "accelerate_astc", false) ? Settings::AstcDecodeMode::Gpu
+                                                                 : Settings::AstcDecodeMode::Cpu);
 
     // Enable asynchronous presentation by default on Android
     Settings::values.async_presentation =

src/android/app/src/main/jni/native.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "core/cpu_manager.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/card_image.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/content_archive.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/submission_package.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
@@ -224,6 +225,42 @@ public:
         m_system.Renderer().NotifySurfaceChanged();
     }
 
+    void ConfigureFilesystemProvider(const std::string& filepath) {
+        const auto file = m_system.GetFilesystem()->OpenFile(filepath, FileSys::Mode::Read);
+        if (!file) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto loader = Loader::GetLoader(m_system, file);
+        if (!loader) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto file_type = loader->GetFileType();
+        if (file_type == Loader::FileType::Unknown || file_type == Loader::FileType::Error) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        u64 program_id = 0;
+        const auto res2 = loader->ReadProgramId(program_id);
+        if (res2 == Loader::ResultStatus::Success && file_type == Loader::FileType::NCA) {
+            m_manual_provider->AddEntry(FileSys::TitleType::Application,
+                                        FileSys::GetCRTypeFromNCAType(FileSys::NCA{file}.GetType()),
+                                        program_id, file);
+        } else if (res2 == Loader::ResultStatus::Success &&
+                   (file_type == Loader::FileType::XCI || file_type == Loader::FileType::NSP)) {
+            const auto nsp = file_type == Loader::FileType::NSP
+                                 ? std::make_shared<FileSys::NSP>(file)
+                                 : FileSys::XCI{file}.GetSecurePartitionNSP();
+            for (const auto& title : nsp->GetNCAs()) {
+                for (const auto& entry : title.second) {
+                    m_manual_provider->AddEntry(entry.first.first, entry.first.second, title.first,
+                                                entry.second->GetBaseFile());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     Core::SystemResultStatus InitializeEmulation(const std::string& filepath) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(m_mutex);
 
@@ -254,8 +291,14 @@ public:
             std::move(android_keyboard), // Software Keyboard
             nullptr,                     // Web Browser
         });
+
+        // Initialize filesystem.
+        m_manual_provider = std::make_unique<FileSys::ManualContentProvider>();
         m_system.SetContentProvider(std::make_unique<FileSys::ContentProviderUnion>());
+        m_system.RegisterContentProvider(FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::FrontendManual,
+                                         m_manual_provider.get());
         m_system.GetFileSystemController().CreateFactories(*m_vfs);
+        ConfigureFilesystemProvider(filepath);
 
         // Initialize account manager
         m_profile_manager = std::make_unique<Service::Account::ProfileManager>();
@@ -377,7 +420,7 @@ public:
             return false;
         }
 
-        return !Settings::values.use_docked_mode.GetValue();
+        return !Settings::IsDockedMode();
     }
 
     void SetDeviceType([[maybe_unused]] int index, int type) {
@@ -489,6 +532,7 @@ private:
     bool m_is_paused{};
     SoftwareKeyboard::AndroidKeyboard* m_software_keyboard{};
     std::unique_ptr<Service::Account::ProfileManager> m_profile_manager;
+    std::unique_ptr<FileSys::ManualContentProvider> m_manual_provider;
 
     // GPU driver parameters
     std::shared_ptr<Common::DynamicLibrary> m_vulkan_library;

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout-w600dp/fragment_setup.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+<RelativeLayout
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     android:id="@+id/setup_root"
@@ -8,33 +8,39 @@
 
     <androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2
         android:id="@+id/viewPager2"
-        android:layout_width="0dp"
-        android:layout_height="0dp"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="match_parent"
+        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
+        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
+        android:clipToPadding="false" />
 
-    <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-        style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
-        android:id="@+id/button_next"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+        android:id="@+id/constraint_buttons"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_margin="16dp"
-        android:text="@string/next"
-        android:visibility="invisible"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
+        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
+        android:layout_margin="8dp">
 
-    <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-        android:id="@+id/button_back"
-        style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_margin="16dp"
-        android:text="@string/back"
-        android:visibility="invisible"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
+        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
+            android:id="@+id/button_next"
+            style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="@string/next"
+            android:visibility="invisible"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
 
-</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
+        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
+            android:id="@+id/button_back"
+            style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="@string/back"
+            android:visibility="invisible"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
+
+    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
+
+</RelativeLayout>

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout-w600dp/page_setup.xml

@@ -21,45 +21,76 @@
 
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <LinearLayout
+    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="match_parent"
-        android:layout_weight="1"
-        android:orientation="vertical"
-        android:gravity="center">
+        android:layout_weight="1">
 
         <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
-            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.DisplaySmall"
             android:id="@+id/text_title"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:textAlignment="center"
+            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.DisplaySmall"
+            android:layout_width="0dp"
+            android:layout_height="0dp"
+            android:gravity="center"
             android:textColor="?attr/colorOnSurface"
             android:textStyle="bold"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/text_description"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="2"
             tools:text="@string/welcome" />
 
         <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
-            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.TitleLarge"
             android:id="@+id/text_description"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
-            android:paddingHorizontal="32dp"
-            android:textAlignment="center"
-            android:textSize="26sp"
-            app:lineHeight="40sp"
+            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.TitleLarge"
+            android:layout_width="0dp"
+            android:layout_height="0dp"
+            android:gravity="center"
+            android:textSize="20sp"
+            android:paddingHorizontal="16dp"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button_action"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/text_title"
+            app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="2"
+            app:lineHeight="30sp"
             tools:text="@string/welcome_description" />
 
+        <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_confirmation"
+            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.TitleLarge"
+            android:layout_width="0dp"
+            android:layout_height="0dp"
+            android:paddingHorizontal="16dp"
+            android:paddingBottom="20dp"
+            android:gravity="center"
+            android:textSize="30sp"
+            android:visibility="invisible"
+            android:text="@string/step_complete"
+            android:textStyle="bold"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/text_description"
+            app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="1"
+            app:lineHeight="30sp" />
+
         <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
             android:id="@+id/button_action"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="56dp"
-            android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
+            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+            android:layout_marginBottom="48dp"
             android:textSize="20sp"
-            app:iconSize="24sp"
             app:iconGravity="end"
+            app:iconSize="24sp"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/text_description"
             tools:text="Get started" />
 
-    </LinearLayout>
+    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
 
 </LinearLayout>

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/card_home_option.xml

@@ -53,6 +53,23 @@
                 android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
                 tools:text="@string/install_prod_keys_description" />
 
+            <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
+                style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.LabelMedium"
+                android:id="@+id/option_detail"
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:textAlignment="viewStart"
+                android:textSize="14sp"
+                android:textStyle="bold"
+                android:singleLine="true"
+                android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever"
+                android:ellipsize="none"
+                android:requiresFadingEdge="horizontal"
+                android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
+                android:visibility="gone"
+                tools:visibility="visible"
+                tools:text="/tree/primary:Games" />
+
         </LinearLayout>
 
     </LinearLayout>

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/dialog_slider.xml

@@ -5,23 +5,16 @@
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:orientation="vertical">
 
-    <TextView
+    <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
         android:id="@+id/text_value"
+        style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.LabelMedium"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
         android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
         android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/spacing_medlarge"
         android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/spacing_medlarge"
-        tools:text="75" />
-
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_units"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_alignTop="@+id/text_value"
-        android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/text_value"
-        tools:text="%" />
+        tools:text="75%" />
 
     <com.google.android.material.slider.Slider
         android:id="@+id/slider"

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/fragment_setup.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+<RelativeLayout
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     android:id="@+id/setup_root"
@@ -8,35 +8,39 @@
 
     <androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2
         android:id="@+id/viewPager2"
-        android:layout_width="0dp"
-        android:layout_height="0dp"
-        android:clipToPadding="false"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button_next"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
-
-    <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-        style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
-        android:id="@+id/button_next"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_margin="12dp"
-        android:text="@string/next"
-        android:visibility="invisible"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
+        android:layout_above="@+id/constraint_buttons"
+        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
+        android:clipToPadding="false" />
 
-    <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-        style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
-        android:id="@+id/button_back"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+        android:id="@+id/constraint_buttons"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_margin="12dp"
-        android:text="@string/back"
-        android:visibility="invisible"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
+        android:layout_margin="8dp"
+        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true">
 
-</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
+        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
+            android:id="@+id/button_next"
+            style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="@string/next"
+            android:visibility="invisible"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
+
+        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
+            android:id="@+id/button_back"
+            style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TextButton"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="@string/back"
+            android:visibility="invisible"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
+
+    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
+
+</RelativeLayout>

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/list_item_setting.xml

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+<RelativeLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     android:background="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:focusable="true"
@@ -11,31 +12,40 @@
     android:minHeight="72dp"
     android:padding="@dimen/spacing_large">
 
-    <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
-        style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.HeadlineMedium"
-        android:id="@+id/text_setting_name"
-        android:layout_width="0dp"
+    <LinearLayout
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
-        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
-        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
-        android:textSize="16sp"
-        android:textAlignment="viewStart"
-        app:lineHeight="28dp"
-        tools:text="Setting Name" />
+        android:orientation="vertical">
 
-    <TextView
-        style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.BodySmall"
-        android:id="@+id/text_setting_description"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
-        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
-        android:layout_alignStart="@+id/text_setting_name"
-        android:layout_below="@+id/text_setting_name"
-        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/spacing_small"
-        android:visibility="visible"
-        android:textAlignment="viewStart"
-        tools:text="@string/app_disclaimer" />
+        <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_setting_name"
+            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.HeadlineMedium"
+            android:layout_width="match_parent"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:textAlignment="viewStart"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
+            app:lineHeight="22dp"
+            tools:text="Setting Name" />
+
+        <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_setting_description"
+            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.BodySmall"
+            android:layout_width="match_parent"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/spacing_small"
+            android:textAlignment="viewStart"
+            tools:text="@string/app_disclaimer" />
+
+        <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_setting_value"
+            style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.LabelMedium"
+            android:layout_width="match_parent"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/spacing_small"
+            android:textAlignment="viewStart"
+            android:textStyle="bold"
+            tools:text="1x" />
+
+    </LinearLayout>
 
 </RelativeLayout>

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/page_setup.xml

@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@
         app:layout_constraintVertical_chainStyle="spread"
         app:layout_constraintWidth_max="220dp"
         app:layout_constraintWidth_min="110dp"
-        app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="3" />
+        app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="3"
+        tools:src="@drawable/ic_notification" />
 
     <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
         android:id="@+id/text_title"
-        style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.DisplayMedium"
+        style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.DisplaySmall"
         android:layout_width="0dp"
         android:layout_height="0dp"
         android:textAlignment="center"
@@ -44,23 +45,42 @@
         android:layout_width="0dp"
         android:layout_height="0dp"
         android:textAlignment="center"
-        android:textSize="26sp"
+        android:textSize="20sp"
         android:paddingHorizontal="16dp"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button_action"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/text_title"
         app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="2"
-        app:lineHeight="40sp"
+        app:lineHeight="30sp"
         tools:text="@string/welcome_description" />
 
+    <com.google.android.material.textview.MaterialTextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_confirmation"
+        style="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.TitleLarge"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="0dp"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="16dp"
+        android:paddingTop="24dp"
+        android:textAlignment="center"
+        android:textSize="30sp"
+        android:visibility="invisible"
+        android:text="@string/step_complete"
+        android:textStyle="bold"
+        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/text_description"
+        app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="1"
+        app:lineHeight="30sp" />
+
     <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
         android:id="@+id/button_action"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="56dp"
-        android:textSize="20sp"
         android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
         android:layout_marginBottom="48dp"
+        android:textSize="20sp"
         app:iconGravity="end"
         app:iconSize="24sp"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     <string name="back">Back</string>
     <string name="add_games">Add Games</string>
     <string name="add_games_description">Select your games folder</string>
+    <string name="step_complete">Complete!</string>
 
     <!-- Home strings -->
     <string name="home_games">Games</string>
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@
     <string name="frame_limit_slider">Limit speed percent</string>
     <string name="frame_limit_slider_description">Specifies the percentage to limit emulation speed. 100% is the normal speed. Values higher or lower will increase or decrease the speed limit.</string>
     <string name="cpu_accuracy">CPU accuracy</string>
+    <string name="value_with_units">%1$s%2$s</string>
 
     <!-- System settings strings -->
     <string name="use_docked_mode">Docked Mode</string>

src/audio_core/sink/cubeb_sink.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/sink/cubeb_sink.h"
 #include "audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -332,25 +333,38 @@ std::vector<std::string> ListCubebSinkDevices(bool capture) {
     return device_list;
 }
 
-u32 GetCubebLatency() {
-    cubeb* ctx;
+namespace {
+static long TmpDataCallback(cubeb_stream*, void*, const void*, void*, long) {
+    return TargetSampleCount;
+}
+static void TmpStateCallback(cubeb_stream*, void*, cubeb_state) {}
+} // namespace
+
+bool IsCubebSuitable() {
+#if !defined(HAVE_CUBEB)
+    return false;
+#else
+    cubeb* ctx{nullptr};
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
     auto com_init_result = CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
 #endif
 
+    // Init cubeb
     if (cubeb_init(&ctx, "yuzu Latency Getter", nullptr) != CUBEB_OK) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "cubeb_init failed");
-        // Return a large latency so we choose SDL instead.
-        return 10000u;
+        LOG_ERROR(Audio_Sink, "Cubeb failed to init, it is not suitable.");
+        return false;
     }
 
+    SCOPE_EXIT({ cubeb_destroy(ctx); });
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
     if (SUCCEEDED(com_init_result)) {
         CoUninitialize();
     }
 #endif
 
+    // Test min latency
     cubeb_stream_params params{};
     params.rate = TargetSampleRate;
     params.channels = 2;
@@ -361,12 +375,32 @@ u32 GetCubebLatency() {
     u32 latency{0};
     const auto latency_error = cubeb_get_min_latency(ctx, &params, &latency);
     if (latency_error != CUBEB_OK) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "Error getting minimum latency, error: {}", latency_error);
-        latency = TargetSampleCount * 2;
+        LOG_ERROR(Audio_Sink, "Cubeb could not get min latency, it is not suitable.");
+        return false;
     }
     latency = std::max(latency, TargetSampleCount * 2);
-    cubeb_destroy(ctx);
-    return latency;
+
+    if (latency > TargetSampleCount * 3) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Audio_Sink, "Cubeb latency is too high, it is not suitable.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Test opening a device with standard parameters
+    cubeb_devid output_device{0};
+    cubeb_devid input_device{0};
+    std::string name{"Yuzu test"};
+    cubeb_stream* stream{nullptr};
+
+    if (cubeb_stream_init(ctx, &stream, name.c_str(), input_device, nullptr, output_device, &params,
+                          latency, &TmpDataCallback, &TmpStateCallback, nullptr) != CUBEB_OK) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "Cubeb could not open a device, it is not suitable.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    cubeb_stream_stop(stream);
+    cubeb_stream_destroy(stream);
+    return true;
+#endif
 }
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::Sink

src/audio_core/sink/cubeb_sink.h

@@ -97,10 +97,11 @@ private:
 std::vector<std::string> ListCubebSinkDevices(bool capture);
 
 /**
- * Get the reported latency for this sink.
+ * Check if this backend is suitable for use.
+ * Checks if enabled, its latency, whether it opens successfully, etc.
  *
- * @return Minimum latency for this sink.
+ * @return True is this backend is suitable, false otherwise.
  */
-u32 GetCubebLatency();
+bool IsCubebSuitable();
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::Sink

src/audio_core/sink/sdl2_sink.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/sink/sdl2_sink.h"
 #include "audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 
 namespace AudioCore::Sink {
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ public:
         }
 
         Stop();
+        SDL_ClearQueuedAudio(device);
         SDL_CloseAudioDevice(device);
     }
 
@@ -227,8 +229,42 @@ std::vector<std::string> ListSDLSinkDevices(bool capture) {
     return device_list;
 }
 
-u32 GetSDLLatency() {
-    return TargetSampleCount * 2;
+bool IsSDLSuitable() {
+#if !defined(HAVE_SDL2)
+    return false;
+#else
+    // Check SDL can init
+    if (!SDL_WasInit(SDL_INIT_AUDIO)) {
+        if (SDL_InitSubSystem(SDL_INIT_AUDIO) < 0) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Audio_Sink, "SDL failed to init, it is not suitable. Error: {}",
+                      SDL_GetError());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We can set any latency frequency we want with SDL, so no need to check that.
+
+    // Check we can open a device with standard parameters
+    SDL_AudioSpec spec;
+    spec.freq = TargetSampleRate;
+    spec.channels = 2u;
+    spec.format = AUDIO_S16SYS;
+    spec.samples = TargetSampleCount * 2;
+    spec.callback = nullptr;
+    spec.userdata = nullptr;
+
+    SDL_AudioSpec obtained;
+    auto device = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(nullptr, false, &spec, &obtained, false);
+
+    if (device == 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Audio_Sink, "SDL failed to open a device, it is not suitable. Error: {}",
+                  SDL_GetError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    SDL_CloseAudioDevice(device);
+    return true;
+#endif
 }
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::Sink

src/audio_core/sink/sdl2_sink.h

@@ -88,10 +88,11 @@ private:
 std::vector<std::string> ListSDLSinkDevices(bool capture);
 
 /**
- * Get the reported latency for this sink.
+ * Check if this backend is suitable for use.
+ * Checks if enabled, its latency, whether it opens successfully, etc.
  *
- * @return Minimum latency for this sink.
+ * @return True is this backend is suitable, false otherwise.
  */
-u32 GetSDLLatency();
+bool IsSDLSuitable();
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::Sink

src/audio_core/sink/sink_details.cpp

@@ -15,86 +15,95 @@
 #endif
 #include "audio_core/sink/null_sink.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 
 namespace AudioCore::Sink {
 namespace {
 struct SinkDetails {
     using FactoryFn = std::unique_ptr<Sink> (*)(std::string_view);
     using ListDevicesFn = std::vector<std::string> (*)(bool);
-    using LatencyFn = u32 (*)();
+    using SuitableFn = bool (*)();
 
     /// Name for this sink.
-    std::string_view id;
+    Settings::AudioEngine id;
     /// A method to call to construct an instance of this type of sink.
     FactoryFn factory;
     /// A method to call to list available devices.
     ListDevicesFn list_devices;
-    /// Method to get the latency of this backend.
-    LatencyFn latency;
+    /// Check whether this backend is suitable to be used.
+    SuitableFn is_suitable;
 };
 
 // sink_details is ordered in terms of desirability, with the best choice at the top.
 constexpr SinkDetails sink_details[] = {
 #ifdef HAVE_CUBEB
     SinkDetails{
-        "cubeb",
+        Settings::AudioEngine::Cubeb,
         [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
             return std::make_unique<CubebSink>(device_id);
         },
         &ListCubebSinkDevices,
-        &GetCubebLatency,
+        &IsCubebSuitable,
     },
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
     SinkDetails{
-        "sdl2",
+        Settings::AudioEngine::Sdl2,
         [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
             return std::make_unique<SDLSink>(device_id);
         },
         &ListSDLSinkDevices,
-        &GetSDLLatency,
+        &IsSDLSuitable,
     },
 #endif
-    SinkDetails{"null",
-                [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
-                    return std::make_unique<NullSink>(device_id);
-                },
-                [](bool capture) { return std::vector<std::string>{"null"}; }, []() { return 0u; }},
+    SinkDetails{
+        Settings::AudioEngine::Null,
+        [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
+            return std::make_unique<NullSink>(device_id);
+        },
+        [](bool capture) { return std::vector<std::string>{"null"}; },
+        []() { return true; },
+    },
 };
 
-const SinkDetails& GetOutputSinkDetails(std::string_view sink_id) {
-    const auto find_backend{[](std::string_view id) {
+const SinkDetails& GetOutputSinkDetails(Settings::AudioEngine sink_id) {
+    const auto find_backend{[](Settings::AudioEngine id) {
         return std::find_if(std::begin(sink_details), std::end(sink_details),
                             [&id](const auto& sink_detail) { return sink_detail.id == id; });
     }};
 
     auto iter = find_backend(sink_id);
 
-    if (sink_id == "auto") {
-        // Auto-select a backend. Prefer CubeB, but it may report a large minimum latency which
-        // causes audio issues, in that case go with SDL.
-#if defined(HAVE_CUBEB) && defined(HAVE_SDL2)
-        iter = find_backend("cubeb");
-        if (iter->latency() > TargetSampleCount * 3) {
-            iter = find_backend("sdl2");
+    if (sink_id == Settings::AudioEngine::Auto) {
+        // Auto-select a backend. Use the sink details ordering, preferring cubeb first, checking
+        // that the backend is available and suitable to use.
+        for (auto& details : sink_details) {
+            if (details.is_suitable()) {
+                iter = &details;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio, "Auto-selecting the {} backend",
+                  Settings::CanonicalizeEnum(iter->id));
+    } else {
+        if (iter != std::end(sink_details) && !iter->is_suitable()) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio, "Selected backend {} is not suitable, falling back to null",
+                      Settings::CanonicalizeEnum(iter->id));
+            iter = find_backend(Settings::AudioEngine::Null);
         }
-#else
-        iter = std::begin(sink_details);
-#endif
-        LOG_INFO(Service_Audio, "Auto-selecting the {} backend", iter->id);
     }
 
     if (iter == std::end(sink_details)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Audio, "Invalid sink_id {}", sink_id);
-        iter = find_backend("null");
+        LOG_ERROR(Audio, "Invalid sink_id {}", Settings::CanonicalizeEnum(sink_id));
+        iter = find_backend(Settings::AudioEngine::Null);
     }
 
     return *iter;
 }
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-std::vector<std::string_view> GetSinkIDs() {
-    std::vector<std::string_view> sink_ids(std::size(sink_details));
+std::vector<Settings::AudioEngine> GetSinkIDs() {
+    std::vector<Settings::AudioEngine> sink_ids(std::size(sink_details));
 
     std::transform(std::begin(sink_details), std::end(sink_details), std::begin(sink_ids),
                    [](const auto& sink) { return sink.id; });
@@ -102,11 +111,11 @@ std::vector<std::string_view> GetSinkIDs() {
     return sink_ids;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(std::string_view sink_id, bool capture) {
+std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(Settings::AudioEngine sink_id, bool capture) {
     return GetOutputSinkDetails(sink_id).list_devices(capture);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Sink> CreateSinkFromID(std::string_view sink_id, std::string_view device_id) {
+std::unique_ptr<Sink> CreateSinkFromID(Settings::AudioEngine sink_id, std::string_view device_id) {
     return GetOutputSinkDetails(sink_id).factory(device_id);
 }
 

src/audio_core/sink/sink_details.h

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 
 namespace AudioCore {
 class AudioManager;
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ class Sink;
  *
  * @return Vector of available sink names.
  */
-std::vector<std::string_view> GetSinkIDs();
+std::vector<Settings::AudioEngine> GetSinkIDs();
 
 /**
  * Gets the list of devices for a particular sink identified by the given ID.
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ std::vector<std::string_view> GetSinkIDs();
  * @param capture - Get capture (input) devices, or output devices?
  * @return Vector of device names.
  */
-std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(std::string_view sink_id, bool capture);
+std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(Settings::AudioEngine sink_id, bool capture);
 
 /**
  * Creates an audio sink identified by the given device ID.
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(std::string_view sink_id, bool cap
  * @param device_id - Name of the device to create.
  * @return Pointer to the created sink.
  */
-std::unique_ptr<Sink> CreateSinkFromID(std::string_view sink_id, std::string_view device_id);
+std::unique_ptr<Sink> CreateSinkFromID(Settings::AudioEngine sink_id, std::string_view device_id);
 
 } // namespace Sink
 } // namespace AudioCore

src/common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -110,8 +110,12 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     scratch_buffer.h
     settings.cpp
     settings.h
+    settings_common.cpp
+    settings_common.h
+    settings_enums.h
     settings_input.cpp
     settings_input.h
+    settings_setting.h
     socket_types.h
     spin_lock.cpp
     spin_lock.h
@@ -193,9 +197,16 @@ if (MSVC)
     /we4254 # 'operator': conversion from 'type1:field_bits' to 'type2:field_bits', possible loss of data
     /we4800 # Implicit conversion from 'type' to bool. Possible information loss
   )
-else()
+endif()
+
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
   target_compile_options(common PRIVATE
-    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-fsized-deallocation>
+    -fsized-deallocation
+    -Werror=unreachable-code-aggressive
+  )
+  target_compile_definitions(common PRIVATE
+    # Clang 14 and earlier have errors when explicitly instantiating Settings::Setting
+    $<$<VERSION_LESS:$<CXX_COMPILER_VERSION>,15>:CANNOT_EXPLICITLY_INSTANTIATE>
   )
 endif()
 

src/common/alignment.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <bit>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <new>
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -10,8 +11,10 @@
 namespace Common {
 
 template <typename T>
-    requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignUp(T value, size_t size) {
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignUp(T value_, size_t size) {
+    using U = typename std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
+    auto value{static_cast<U>(value_)};
     auto mod{static_cast<T>(value % size)};
     value -= mod;
     return static_cast<T>(mod == T{0} ? value : value + size);
@@ -24,8 +27,10 @@ template <typename T>
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-    requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignDown(T value, size_t size) {
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignDown(T value_, size_t size) {
+    using U = typename std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
+    const auto value{static_cast<U>(value_)};
     return static_cast<T>(value - value % size);
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +60,30 @@ template <typename T, typename U>
     return (x + (y - 1)) / y;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T LeastSignificantOneBit(T x) {
+    return x & ~(x - 1);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T ResetLeastSignificantOneBit(T x) {
+    return x & (x - 1);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsPowerOfTwo(T x) {
+    return x > 0 && ResetLeastSignificantOneBit(x) == 0;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T FloorPowerOfTwo(T x) {
+    return T{1} << (sizeof(T) * 8 - std::countl_zero(x) - 1);
+}
+
 template <typename T, size_t Align = 16>
 class AlignmentAllocator {
 public:

src/common/logging/backend.cpp

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public:
 
         using namespace Common::Literals;
         // Prevent logs from exceeding a set maximum size in the event that log entries are spammed.
-        const auto write_limit = Settings::values.extended_logging ? 1_GiB : 100_MiB;
+        const auto write_limit = Settings::values.extended_logging.GetValue() ? 1_GiB : 100_MiB;
         const bool write_limit_exceeded = bytes_written > write_limit;
         if (entry.log_level >= Level::Error || write_limit_exceeded) {
             if (write_limit_exceeded) {

src/common/lz4_compression.cpp

@@ -71,4 +71,10 @@ std::vector<u8> DecompressDataLZ4(std::span<const u8> compressed, std::size_t un
     return uncompressed;
 }
 
+int DecompressDataLZ4(void* dst, size_t dst_size, const void* src, size_t src_size) {
+    // This is just a thin wrapper around LZ4.
+    return LZ4_decompress_safe(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src), reinterpret_cast<char*>(dst),
+                               static_cast<int>(src_size), static_cast<int>(dst_size));
+}
+
 } // namespace Common::Compression

src/common/lz4_compression.h

@@ -56,4 +56,6 @@ namespace Common::Compression {
 [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8> DecompressDataLZ4(std::span<const u8> compressed,
                                                 std::size_t uncompressed_size);
 
+[[nodiscard]] int DecompressDataLZ4(void* dst, size_t dst_size, const void* src, size_t src_size);
+
 } // namespace Common::Compression

src/common/settings.cpp

@@ -2,14 +2,22 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include <version>
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 #if __cpp_lib_chrono >= 201907L
 #include <chrono>
 #include <exception>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #endif
+#include <compare>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <functional>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <fmt/core.h>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/fs/fs_util.h"
 #include "common/fs/path_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
@@ -17,11 +25,50 @@
 
 namespace Settings {
 
-Values values;
-static bool configuring_global = true;
+// Clang 14 and earlier have errors when explicitly instantiating these classes
+#ifndef CANNOT_EXPLICITLY_INSTANTIATE
+#define SETTING(TYPE, RANGED) template class Setting<TYPE, RANGED>
+#define SWITCHABLE(TYPE, RANGED) template class SwitchableSetting<TYPE, RANGED>
 
-std::string GetTimeZoneString() {
-    const auto time_zone_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(values.time_zone_index.GetValue());
+SETTING(AudioEngine, false);
+SETTING(bool, false);
+SETTING(int, false);
+SETTING(std::string, false);
+SETTING(u16, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AnisotropyMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AntiAliasing, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AspectRatio, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcDecodeMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcRecompression, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AudioMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(CpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(FullscreenMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(GpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(Language, true);
+SWITCHABLE(NvdecEmulation, false);
+SWITCHABLE(Region, true);
+SWITCHABLE(RendererBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(ScalingFilter, false);
+SWITCHABLE(ShaderBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(TimeZone, true);
+SETTING(VSyncMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(bool, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, true);
+SWITCHABLE(s64, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u16, true);
+SWITCHABLE(u32, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, true);
+
+#undef SETTING
+#undef SWITCHABLE
+#endif
+
+Values values;
+
+std::string GetTimeZoneString(TimeZone time_zone) {
+    const auto time_zone_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(time_zone);
     ASSERT(time_zone_index < Common::TimeZone::GetTimeZoneStrings().size());
 
     std::string location_name;
@@ -61,73 +108,35 @@ void LogSettings() {
     };
 
     LOG_INFO(Config, "yuzu Configuration:");
-    log_setting("Controls_UseDockedMode", values.use_docked_mode.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_RngSeed", values.rng_seed.GetValue().value_or(0));
-    log_setting("System_DeviceName", values.device_name.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_CurrentUser", values.current_user.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_LanguageIndex", values.language_index.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_RegionIndex", values.region_index.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_TimeZoneIndex", values.time_zone_index.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_UnsafeMemoryLayout", values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Core_UseMultiCore", values.use_multi_core.GetValue());
-    log_setting("CPU_Accuracy", values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseResolutionScaling", values.resolution_setup.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_ScalingFilter", values.scaling_filter.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_FSRSlider", values.fsr_sharpening_slider.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AntiAliasing", values.anti_aliasing.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseSpeedLimit", values.use_speed_limit.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_SpeedLimit", values.speed_limit.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseDiskShaderCache", values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_GPUAccuracyLevel", values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousGpuEmulation",
-                values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_NvdecEmulation", values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AccelerateASTC", values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AsyncASTC", values.async_astc.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AstcRecompression", values.astc_recompression.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseVsync", values.vsync_mode.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseReactiveFlushing", values.use_reactive_flushing.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_ShaderBackend", values.shader_backend.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousShaders", values.use_asynchronous_shaders.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AnisotropicFilteringLevel", values.max_anisotropy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_OutputEngine", values.sink_id.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_OutputDevice", values.audio_output_device_id.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_InputDevice", values.audio_input_device_id.GetValue());
-    log_setting("DataStorage_UseVirtualSd", values.use_virtual_sd.GetValue());
+    for (auto& [category, settings] : values.linkage.by_category) {
+        for (const auto& setting : settings) {
+            if (setting->Id() == values.yuzu_token.Id()) {
+                // Hide the token secret, for security reasons.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto name = fmt::format(
+                "{:c}{:c} {}.{}", setting->ToString() == setting->DefaultToString() ? '-' : 'M',
+                setting->UsingGlobal() ? '-' : 'C', TranslateCategory(category),
+                setting->GetLabel());
+
+            log_setting(name, setting->Canonicalize());
+        }
+    }
     log_path("DataStorage_CacheDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::CacheDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_ConfigDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::ConfigDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_LoadDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::LoadDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_NANDDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::NANDDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_SDMCDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::SDMCDir));
-    log_setting("Debugging_ProgramArgs", values.program_args.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Debugging_GDBStub", values.use_gdbstub.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableMotion", values.motion_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableVibration", values.vibration_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableTouch", values.touchscreen.enabled);
-    log_setting("Input_EnableMouse", values.mouse_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableKeyboard", values.keyboard_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableRingController", values.enable_ring_controller.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableIrSensor", values.enable_ir_sensor.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableCustomJoycon", values.enable_joycon_driver.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableCustomProController", values.enable_procon_driver.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableRawInput", values.enable_raw_input.GetValue());
-}
-
-bool IsConfiguringGlobal() {
-    return configuring_global;
-}
-
-void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global) {
-    configuring_global = is_global;
 }
 
 bool IsGPULevelExtreme() {
-    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::Extreme;
+    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GpuAccuracy::Extreme;
 }
 
 bool IsGPULevelHigh() {
-    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::Extreme ||
-           values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::High;
+    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GpuAccuracy::Extreme ||
+           values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GpuAccuracy::High;
 }
 
 bool IsFastmemEnabled() {
@@ -137,6 +146,10 @@ bool IsFastmemEnabled() {
     return true;
 }
 
+bool IsDockedMode() {
+    return values.use_docked_mode.GetValue() == Settings::ConsoleMode::Docked;
+}
+
 float Volume() {
     if (values.audio_muted) {
         return 0.0f;
@@ -144,9 +157,62 @@ float Volume() {
     return values.volume.GetValue() / static_cast<f32>(values.volume.GetDefault());
 }
 
-void UpdateRescalingInfo() {
-    const auto setup = values.resolution_setup.GetValue();
-    auto& info = values.resolution_info;
+const char* TranslateCategory(Category category) {
+    switch (category) {
+    case Category::Audio:
+        return "Audio";
+    case Category::Core:
+        return "Core";
+    case Category::Cpu:
+    case Category::CpuDebug:
+    case Category::CpuUnsafe:
+        return "Cpu";
+    case Category::Renderer:
+    case Category::RendererAdvanced:
+    case Category::RendererDebug:
+        return "Renderer";
+    case Category::System:
+    case Category::SystemAudio:
+        return "System";
+    case Category::DataStorage:
+        return "Data Storage";
+    case Category::Debugging:
+    case Category::DebuggingGraphics:
+        return "Debugging";
+    case Category::Miscellaneous:
+        return "Miscellaneous";
+    case Category::Network:
+        return "Network";
+    case Category::WebService:
+        return "WebService";
+    case Category::AddOns:
+        return "DisabledAddOns";
+    case Category::Controls:
+        return "Controls";
+    case Category::Ui:
+    case Category::UiGeneral:
+        return "UI";
+    case Category::UiLayout:
+        return "UiLayout";
+    case Category::UiGameList:
+        return "UiGameList";
+    case Category::Screenshots:
+        return "Screenshots";
+    case Category::Shortcuts:
+        return "Shortcuts";
+    case Category::Multiplayer:
+        return "Multiplayer";
+    case Category::Services:
+        return "Services";
+    case Category::Paths:
+        return "Paths";
+    case Category::MaxEnum:
+        break;
+    }
+    return "Miscellaneous";
+}
+
+void TranslateResolutionInfo(ResolutionSetup setup, ResolutionScalingInfo& info) {
     info.downscale = false;
     switch (setup) {
     case ResolutionSetup::Res1_2X:
@@ -206,72 +272,31 @@ void UpdateRescalingInfo() {
     info.active = info.up_scale != 1 || info.down_shift != 0;
 }
 
+void UpdateRescalingInfo() {
+    const auto setup = values.resolution_setup.GetValue();
+    auto& info = values.resolution_info;
+    TranslateResolutionInfo(setup, info);
+}
+
 void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
     // If a game is running, DO NOT restore the global settings state
     if (is_powered_on) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // Audio
-    values.volume.SetGlobal(true);
+    for (const auto& reset : values.linkage.restore_functions) {
+        reset();
+    }
+}
 
-    // Core
-    values.use_multi_core.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.SetGlobal(true);
+static bool configuring_global = true;
 
-    // CPU
-    values.cpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor.SetGlobal(true);
+bool IsConfiguringGlobal() {
+    return configuring_global;
+}
 
-    // Renderer
-    values.fsr_sharpening_slider.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.renderer_backend.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.async_presentation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.renderer_force_max_clock.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.vulkan_device.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.fullscreen_mode.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.aspect_ratio.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.resolution_setup.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.scaling_filter.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.anti_aliasing.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.max_anisotropy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_disk_shader_cache.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.gpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.accelerate_astc.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.async_astc.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.astc_recompression.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_reactive_flushing.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.shader_backend.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_asynchronous_shaders.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_fast_gpu_time.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.bg_red.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.bg_green.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.bg_blue.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.enable_compute_pipelines.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_video_framerate.SetGlobal(true);
-
-    // System
-    values.language_index.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.region_index.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.time_zone_index.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.rng_seed.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.sound_index.SetGlobal(true);
-
-    // Controls
-    values.players.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_docked_mode.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.vibration_enabled.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.motion_enabled.SetGlobal(true);
+void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global) {
+    configuring_global = is_global;
 }
 
 } // namespace Settings

src/common/settings.h

@@ -6,95 +6,21 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <map>
-#include <optional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/settings_common.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 #include "common/settings_input.h"
+#include "common/settings_setting.h"
 
 namespace Settings {
 
-enum class VSyncMode : u32 {
-    Immediate = 0,
-    Mailbox = 1,
-    FIFO = 2,
-    FIFORelaxed = 3,
-};
-
-enum class RendererBackend : u32 {
-    OpenGL = 0,
-    Vulkan = 1,
-    Null = 2,
-};
-
-enum class ShaderBackend : u32 {
-    GLSL = 0,
-    GLASM = 1,
-    SPIRV = 2,
-};
-
-enum class GPUAccuracy : u32 {
-    Normal = 0,
-    High = 1,
-    Extreme = 2,
-};
-
-enum class CPUAccuracy : u32 {
-    Auto = 0,
-    Accurate = 1,
-    Unsafe = 2,
-    Paranoid = 3,
-};
-
-enum class FullscreenMode : u32 {
-    Borderless = 0,
-    Exclusive = 1,
-};
-
-enum class NvdecEmulation : u32 {
-    Off = 0,
-    CPU = 1,
-    GPU = 2,
-};
-
-enum class ResolutionSetup : u32 {
-    Res1_2X = 0,
-    Res3_4X = 1,
-    Res1X = 2,
-    Res3_2X = 3,
-    Res2X = 4,
-    Res3X = 5,
-    Res4X = 6,
-    Res5X = 7,
-    Res6X = 8,
-    Res7X = 9,
-    Res8X = 10,
-};
-
-enum class ScalingFilter : u32 {
-    NearestNeighbor = 0,
-    Bilinear = 1,
-    Bicubic = 2,
-    Gaussian = 3,
-    ScaleForce = 4,
-    Fsr = 5,
-    LastFilter = Fsr,
-};
-
-enum class AntiAliasing : u32 {
-    None = 0,
-    Fxaa = 1,
-    Smaa = 2,
-    LastAA = Smaa,
-};
-
-enum class AstcRecompression : u32 {
-    Uncompressed = 0,
-    Bc1 = 1,
-    Bc3 = 2,
-};
+const char* TranslateCategory(Settings::Category category);
 
 struct ResolutionScalingInfo {
     u32 up_scale{1};
@@ -119,239 +45,47 @@ struct ResolutionScalingInfo {
     }
 };
 
-/** The Setting class is a simple resource manager. It defines a label and default value alongside
- * the actual value of the setting for simpler and less-error prone use with frontend
- * configurations. Specifying a default value and label is required. A minimum and maximum range can
- * be specified for sanitization.
- */
-template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
-class Setting {
-protected:
-    Setting() = default;
+#ifndef CANNOT_EXPLICITLY_INSTANTIATE
+// Instantiate the classes elsewhere (settings.cpp) to reduce compiler/linker work
+#define SETTING(TYPE, RANGED) extern template class Setting<TYPE, RANGED>
+#define SWITCHABLE(TYPE, RANGED) extern template class SwitchableSetting<TYPE, RANGED>
 
-    /**
-     * Only sets the setting to the given initializer, leaving the other members to their default
-     * initializers.
-     *
-     * @param global_val Initial value of the setting
-     */
-    explicit Setting(const Type& val) : value{val} {}
+SETTING(AudioEngine, false);
+SETTING(bool, false);
+SETTING(int, false);
+SETTING(s32, false);
+SETTING(std::string, false);
+SETTING(std::string, false);
+SETTING(u16, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AnisotropyMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AntiAliasing, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AspectRatio, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcDecodeMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcRecompression, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AudioMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(CpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(FullscreenMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(GpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(Language, true);
+SWITCHABLE(NvdecEmulation, false);
+SWITCHABLE(Region, true);
+SWITCHABLE(RendererBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(ScalingFilter, false);
+SWITCHABLE(ShaderBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(TimeZone, true);
+SETTING(VSyncMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(bool, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, true);
+SWITCHABLE(s64, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u16, true);
+SWITCHABLE(u32, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, true);
 
-public:
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit Setting(const Type& default_val, const std::string& name)
-        requires(!ranged)
-        : value{default_val}, default_value{default_val}, label{name} {}
-    virtual ~Setting() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit Setting(const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val, const Type& max_val,
-                     const std::string& name)
-        requires(ranged)
-        : value{default_val},
-          default_value{default_val}, maximum{max_val}, minimum{min_val}, label{name} {}
-
-    /**
-     *  Returns a reference to the setting's value.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the setting
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue() const {
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the setting to the given value.
-     *
-     * @param val The desired value
-     */
-    virtual void SetValue(const Type& val) {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
-        std::swap(value, temp);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the value that this setting was created with.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the default value
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetDefault() const {
-        return default_value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the label this setting was created with.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the label
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetLabel() const {
-        return label;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Assigns a value to the setting.
-     *
-     * @param val The desired setting value
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the setting
-     */
-    virtual const Type& operator=(const Type& val) {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
-        std::swap(value, temp);
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a reference to the setting.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the setting
-     */
-    explicit virtual operator const Type&() const {
-        return value;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    Type value{};               ///< The setting
-    const Type default_value{}; ///< The default value
-    const Type maximum{};       ///< Maximum allowed value of the setting
-    const Type minimum{};       ///< Minimum allowed value of the setting
-    const std::string label{};  ///< The setting's label
-};
-
-/**
- * The SwitchableSetting class is a slightly more complex version of the Setting class. This adds a
- * custom setting to switch to when a guest application specifically requires it. The effect is that
- * other components of the emulator can access the setting's intended value without any need for the
- * component to ask whether the custom or global setting is needed at the moment.
- *
- * By default, the global setting is used.
- */
-template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
-class SwitchableSetting : virtual public Setting<Type, ranged> {
-public:
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit SwitchableSetting(const Type& default_val, const std::string& name)
-        requires(!ranged)
-        : Setting<Type>{default_val, name} {}
-    virtual ~SwitchableSetting() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit SwitchableSetting(const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val, const Type& max_val,
-                               const std::string& name)
-        requires(ranged)
-        : Setting<Type, true>{default_val, min_val, max_val, name} {}
-
-    /**
-     * Tells this setting to represent either the global or custom setting when other member
-     * functions are used.
-     *
-     * @param to_global Whether to use the global or custom setting.
-     */
-    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) {
-        use_global = to_global;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this setting is using the global setting or not.
-     *
-     * @returns The global state
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] bool UsingGlobal() const {
-        return use_global;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns either the global or custom setting depending on the values of this setting's global
-     * state or if the global value was specifically requested.
-     *
-     * @param need_global Request global value regardless of setting's state; defaults to false
-     *
-     * @returns The required value of the setting
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue() const override {
-        if (use_global) {
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        return custom;
-    }
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue(bool need_global) const {
-        if (use_global || need_global) {
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        return custom;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the current setting value depending on the global state.
-     *
-     * @param val The new value
-     */
-    void SetValue(const Type& val) override {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
-        if (use_global) {
-            std::swap(this->value, temp);
-        } else {
-            std::swap(custom, temp);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Assigns the current setting value depending on the global state.
-     *
-     * @param val The new value
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
-     */
-    const Type& operator=(const Type& val) override {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
-        if (use_global) {
-            std::swap(this->value, temp);
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        std::swap(custom, temp);
-        return custom;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the current setting value depending on the global state.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
-     */
-    virtual explicit operator const Type&() const override {
-        if (use_global) {
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        return custom;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    bool use_global{true}; ///< The setting's global state
-    Type custom{};         ///< The custom value of the setting
-};
+#undef SETTING
+#undef SWITCHABLE
+#endif
 
 /**
  * The InputSetting class allows for getting a reference to either the global or custom members.
@@ -391,208 +125,394 @@ struct TouchFromButtonMap {
 };
 
 struct Values {
+    Linkage linkage{};
+
     // Audio
-    Setting<std::string> sink_id{"auto", "output_engine"};
-    Setting<std::string> audio_output_device_id{"auto", "output_device"};
-    Setting<std::string> audio_input_device_id{"auto", "input_device"};
-    Setting<bool> audio_muted{false, "audio_muted"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u8, true> volume{100, 0, 200, "volume"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_audio_commands{false, "dump_audio_commands"};
+    Setting<AudioEngine> sink_id{linkage, AudioEngine::Auto, "output_engine", Category::Audio,
+                                 Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    Setting<std::string> audio_output_device_id{linkage, "auto", "output_device", Category::Audio,
+                                                Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    Setting<std::string> audio_input_device_id{linkage, "auto", "input_device", Category::Audio,
+                                               Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    SwitchableSetting<AudioMode, true> sound_index{
+        linkage,       AudioMode::Stereo,     AudioMode::Mono,         AudioMode::Surround,
+        "sound_index", Category::SystemAudio, Specialization::Default, true,
+        true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, true> volume{linkage,
+                                       100,
+                                       0,
+                                       200,
+                                       "volume",
+                                       Category::Audio,
+                                       Specialization::Scalar | Specialization::Percentage,
+                                       true,
+                                       true};
+    Setting<bool, false> audio_muted{
+        linkage, false, "audio_muted", Category::Audio, Specialization::Default, false, true};
+    Setting<bool, false> dump_audio_commands{
+        linkage, false, "dump_audio_commands", Category::Audio, Specialization::Default, false};
 
     // Core
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_multi_core{true, "use_multi_core"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout{false,
-                                                              "use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_multi_core{linkage, true, "use_multi_core", Category::Core};
+    SwitchableSetting<MemoryLayout, true> memory_layout_mode{linkage,
+                                                             MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb,
+                                                             MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb,
+                                                             MemoryLayout::Memory_8Gb,
+                                                             "memory_layout_mode",
+                                                             Category::Core};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_speed_limit{
+        linkage, true, "use_speed_limit", Category::Core, Specialization::Paired, false, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u16, true> speed_limit{linkage,
+                                             100,
+                                             0,
+                                             9999,
+                                             "speed_limit",
+                                             Category::Core,
+                                             Specialization::Countable | Specialization::Percentage,
+                                             true,
+                                             true,
+                                             &use_speed_limit};
 
     // Cpu
-    SwitchableSetting<CPUAccuracy, true> cpu_accuracy{CPUAccuracy::Auto, CPUAccuracy::Auto,
-                                                      CPUAccuracy::Paranoid, "cpu_accuracy"};
-    // TODO: remove cpu_accuracy_first_time, migration setting added 8 July 2021
-    Setting<bool> cpu_accuracy_first_time{true, "cpu_accuracy_first_time"};
-    Setting<bool> cpu_debug_mode{false, "cpu_debug_mode"};
+    SwitchableSetting<CpuAccuracy, true> cpu_accuracy{linkage,           CpuAccuracy::Auto,
+                                                      CpuAccuracy::Auto, CpuAccuracy::Paranoid,
+                                                      "cpu_accuracy",    Category::Cpu};
+    Setting<bool> cpu_debug_mode{linkage, false, "cpu_debug_mode", Category::CpuDebug};
 
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_page_tables{true, "cpuopt_page_tables"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_block_linking{true, "cpuopt_block_linking"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_return_stack_buffer{true, "cpuopt_return_stack_buffer"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fast_dispatcher{true, "cpuopt_fast_dispatcher"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_context_elimination{true, "cpuopt_context_elimination"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_const_prop{true, "cpuopt_const_prop"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_misc_ir{true, "cpuopt_misc_ir"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks{true, "cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem{true, "cpuopt_fastmem"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives{true, "cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_recompile_exclusives{true, "cpuopt_recompile_exclusives"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts{true, "cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts"};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_page_tables{linkage, true, "cpuopt_page_tables", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_block_linking{linkage, true, "cpuopt_block_linking", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_return_stack_buffer{linkage, true, "cpuopt_return_stack_buffer",
+                                             Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fast_dispatcher{linkage, true, "cpuopt_fast_dispatcher",
+                                         Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_context_elimination{linkage, true, "cpuopt_context_elimination",
+                                             Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_const_prop{linkage, true, "cpuopt_const_prop", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_misc_ir{linkage, true, "cpuopt_misc_ir", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks{linkage, true, "cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks",
+                                                Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem{linkage, true, "cpuopt_fastmem", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives{linkage, true, "cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives",
+                                            Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_recompile_exclusives{linkage, true, "cpuopt_recompile_exclusives",
+                                              Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts{linkage, true, "cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts",
+                                              Category::CpuDebug};
 
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma{linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma",
+                                                     Category::CpuUnsafe};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error{
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error", Category::CpuUnsafe};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr{
-        true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check"};
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr", Category::CpuUnsafe};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan{
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan", Category::CpuUnsafe};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check{
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check", Category::CpuUnsafe};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor{
-        true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor"};
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor", Category::CpuUnsafe};
 
     // Renderer
     SwitchableSetting<RendererBackend, true> renderer_backend{
-        RendererBackend::Vulkan, RendererBackend::OpenGL, RendererBackend::Null, "backend"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_presentation{false, "async_presentation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> renderer_force_max_clock{false, "force_max_clock"};
-    Setting<bool> renderer_debug{false, "debug"};
-    Setting<bool> renderer_shader_feedback{false, "shader_feedback"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_nsight_aftermath{false, "nsight_aftermath"};
-    Setting<bool> disable_shader_loop_safety_checks{false, "disable_shader_loop_safety_checks"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int> vulkan_device{0, "vulkan_device"};
+        linkage,   RendererBackend::Vulkan, RendererBackend::OpenGL, RendererBackend::Null,
+        "backend", Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<ShaderBackend, true> shader_backend{
+        linkage,          ShaderBackend::Glsl, ShaderBackend::Glsl,        ShaderBackend::SpirV,
+        "shader_backend", Category::Renderer,  Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    SwitchableSetting<int> vulkan_device{linkage, 0, "vulkan_device", Category::Renderer,
+                                         Specialization::RuntimeList};
 
-    ResolutionScalingInfo resolution_info{};
-    SwitchableSetting<ResolutionSetup> resolution_setup{ResolutionSetup::Res1X, "resolution_setup"};
-    SwitchableSetting<ScalingFilter> scaling_filter{ScalingFilter::Bilinear, "scaling_filter"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int, true> fsr_sharpening_slider{25, 0, 200, "fsr_sharpening_slider"};
-    SwitchableSetting<AntiAliasing> anti_aliasing{AntiAliasing::None, "anti_aliasing"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_disk_shader_cache{linkage, true, "use_disk_shader_cache",
+                                                  Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{
+        linkage, true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation", Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<AstcDecodeMode, true> accelerate_astc{linkage,
+                                                            AstcDecodeMode::Gpu,
+                                                            AstcDecodeMode::Cpu,
+                                                            AstcDecodeMode::CpuAsynchronous,
+                                                            "accelerate_astc",
+                                                            Category::Renderer};
+    Setting<VSyncMode, true> vsync_mode{
+        linkage,     VSyncMode::Fifo,    VSyncMode::Immediate,        VSyncMode::FifoRelaxed,
+        "use_vsync", Category::Renderer, Specialization::RuntimeList, true,
+        true};
+    SwitchableSetting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{linkage, NvdecEmulation::Gpu,
+                                                      "nvdec_emulation", Category::Renderer};
     // *nix platforms may have issues with the borderless windowed fullscreen mode.
     // Default to exclusive fullscreen on these platforms for now.
-    SwitchableSetting<FullscreenMode, true> fullscreen_mode{
+    SwitchableSetting<FullscreenMode, true> fullscreen_mode{linkage,
 #ifdef _WIN32
-        FullscreenMode::Borderless,
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Borderless,
 #else
-        FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
 #endif
-        FullscreenMode::Borderless, FullscreenMode::Exclusive, "fullscreen_mode"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int, true> aspect_ratio{0, 0, 4, "aspect_ratio"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int, true> max_anisotropy{0, 0, 5, "max_anisotropy"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_speed_limit{true, "use_speed_limit"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u16, true> speed_limit{100, 0, 9999, "speed_limit"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_disk_shader_cache{true, "use_disk_shader_cache"};
-    SwitchableSetting<GPUAccuracy, true> gpu_accuracy{GPUAccuracy::High, GPUAccuracy::Normal,
-                                                      GPUAccuracy::Extreme, "gpu_accuracy"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{NvdecEmulation::GPU, "nvdec_emulation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> accelerate_astc{true, "accelerate_astc"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_astc{false, "async_astc"};
-    Setting<VSyncMode, true> vsync_mode{VSyncMode::FIFO, VSyncMode::Immediate,
-                                        VSyncMode::FIFORelaxed, "use_vsync"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_reactive_flushing{true, "use_reactive_flushing"};
-    SwitchableSetting<ShaderBackend, true> shader_backend{ShaderBackend::GLSL, ShaderBackend::GLSL,
-                                                          ShaderBackend::SPIRV, "shader_backend"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{false, "use_asynchronous_shaders"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time{true, "use_fast_gpu_time"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache{true,
-                                                             "use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_compute_pipelines{false, "enable_compute_pipelines"};
-    SwitchableSetting<AstcRecompression, true> astc_recompression{
-        AstcRecompression::Uncompressed, AstcRecompression::Uncompressed, AstcRecompression::Bc3,
-        "astc_recompression"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_video_framerate{false, "use_video_framerate"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> barrier_feedback_loops{true, "barrier_feedback_loops"};
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Borderless,
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
+                                                            "fullscreen_mode",
+                                                            Category::Renderer,
+                                                            Specialization::Default,
+                                                            true,
+                                                            true};
+    SwitchableSetting<AspectRatio, true> aspect_ratio{linkage,
+                                                      AspectRatio::R16_9,
+                                                      AspectRatio::R16_9,
+                                                      AspectRatio::Stretch,
+                                                      "aspect_ratio",
+                                                      Category::Renderer,
+                                                      Specialization::Default,
+                                                      true,
+                                                      true};
 
-    SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_red{0, "bg_red"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_green{0, "bg_green"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_blue{0, "bg_blue"};
+    ResolutionScalingInfo resolution_info{};
+    SwitchableSetting<ResolutionSetup> resolution_setup{linkage, ResolutionSetup::Res1X,
+                                                        "resolution_setup", Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<ScalingFilter> scaling_filter{linkage,
+                                                    ScalingFilter::Bilinear,
+                                                    "scaling_filter",
+                                                    Category::Renderer,
+                                                    Specialization::Default,
+                                                    true,
+                                                    true};
+    SwitchableSetting<AntiAliasing> anti_aliasing{linkage,
+                                                  AntiAliasing::None,
+                                                  "anti_aliasing",
+                                                  Category::Renderer,
+                                                  Specialization::Default,
+                                                  true,
+                                                  true};
+    SwitchableSetting<int, true> fsr_sharpening_slider{linkage,
+                                                       25,
+                                                       0,
+                                                       200,
+                                                       "fsr_sharpening_slider",
+                                                       Category::Renderer,
+                                                       Specialization::Scalar |
+                                                           Specialization::Percentage,
+                                                       true,
+                                                       true};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, false> bg_red{
+        linkage, 0, "bg_red", Category::Renderer, Specialization::Default, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, false> bg_green{
+        linkage, 0, "bg_green", Category::Renderer, Specialization::Default, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, false> bg_blue{
+        linkage, 0, "bg_blue", Category::Renderer, Specialization::Default, true, true};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<GpuAccuracy, true> gpu_accuracy{linkage,
+                                                      GpuAccuracy::High,
+                                                      GpuAccuracy::Normal,
+                                                      GpuAccuracy::Extreme,
+                                                      "gpu_accuracy",
+                                                      Category::RendererAdvanced,
+                                                      Specialization::Default,
+                                                      true,
+                                                      true};
+    SwitchableSetting<AnisotropyMode, true> max_anisotropy{
+        linkage,          AnisotropyMode::Automatic, AnisotropyMode::Automatic, AnisotropyMode::X16,
+        "max_anisotropy", Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<AstcRecompression, true> astc_recompression{linkage,
+                                                                  AstcRecompression::Uncompressed,
+                                                                  AstcRecompression::Uncompressed,
+                                                                  AstcRecompression::Bc3,
+                                                                  "astc_recompression",
+                                                                  Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_presentation{linkage, false, "async_presentation",
+                                               Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> renderer_force_max_clock{linkage, false, "force_max_clock",
+                                                     Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_reactive_flushing{linkage, true, "use_reactive_flushing",
+                                                  Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{linkage, false, "use_asynchronous_shaders",
+                                                     Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time{
+        linkage, true, "use_fast_gpu_time", Category::RendererAdvanced, Specialization::Default,
+        true,    true};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache{linkage,
+                                                             true,
+                                                             "use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache",
+                                                             Category::RendererAdvanced,
+                                                             Specialization::Default,
+                                                             true,
+                                                             true};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_compute_pipelines{linkage, false, "enable_compute_pipelines",
+                                                     Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_video_framerate{linkage, false, "use_video_framerate",
+                                                Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> barrier_feedback_loops{linkage, true, "barrier_feedback_loops",
+                                                   Category::RendererAdvanced};
+
+    Setting<bool> renderer_debug{linkage, false, "debug", Category::RendererDebug};
+    Setting<bool> renderer_shader_feedback{linkage, false, "shader_feedback",
+                                           Category::RendererDebug};
+    Setting<bool> enable_nsight_aftermath{linkage, false, "nsight_aftermath",
+                                          Category::RendererDebug};
+    Setting<bool> disable_shader_loop_safety_checks{
+        linkage, false, "disable_shader_loop_safety_checks", Category::RendererDebug};
 
     // System
-    SwitchableSetting<std::optional<u32>> rng_seed{std::optional<u32>(), "rng_seed"};
-    Setting<std::string> device_name{"Yuzu", "device_name"};
+    SwitchableSetting<Language, true> language_index{linkage,
+                                                     Language::EnglishAmerican,
+                                                     Language::Japanese,
+                                                     Language::PortugueseBrazilian,
+                                                     "language_index",
+                                                     Category::System};
+    SwitchableSetting<Region, true> region_index{linkage,        Region::Usa,    Region::Japan,
+                                                 Region::Taiwan, "region_index", Category::System};
+    SwitchableSetting<TimeZone, true> time_zone_index{linkage,           TimeZone::Auto,
+                                                      TimeZone::Auto,    TimeZone::Zulu,
+                                                      "time_zone_index", Category::System};
     // Measured in seconds since epoch
-    std::optional<s64> custom_rtc;
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> custom_rtc_enabled{
+        linkage, false, "custom_rtc_enabled", Category::System, Specialization::Paired, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<s64> custom_rtc{
+        linkage, 0,    "custom_rtc",       Category::System, Specialization::Time,
+        true,    true, &custom_rtc_enabled};
     // Set on game boot, reset on stop. Seconds difference between current time and `custom_rtc`
     s64 custom_rtc_differential;
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> rng_seed_enabled{
+        linkage, false, "rng_seed_enabled", Category::System, Specialization::Paired, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u32> rng_seed{
+        linkage, 0,    "rng_seed",       Category::System, Specialization::Hex,
+        true,    true, &rng_seed_enabled};
+    Setting<std::string> device_name{
+        linkage, "yuzu", "device_name", Category::System, Specialization::Default, true, true};
 
-    Setting<s32> current_user{0, "current_user"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> language_index{1, 0, 17, "language_index"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> region_index{1, 0, 6, "region_index"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> time_zone_index{0, 0, 45, "time_zone_index"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> sound_index{1, 0, 2, "sound_index"};
+    Setting<s32> current_user{linkage, 0, "current_user", Category::System};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<ConsoleMode> use_docked_mode{linkage,
+                                                   ConsoleMode::Docked,
+                                                   "use_docked_mode",
+                                                   Category::System,
+                                                   Specialization::Radio,
+                                                   true,
+                                                   true};
 
     // Controls
     InputSetting<std::array<PlayerInput, 10>> players;
 
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_docked_mode{true, "use_docked_mode"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_raw_input{
+        linkage, false, "enable_raw_input", Category::Controls, Specialization::Default,
+// Only read/write enable_raw_input on Windows platforms
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        true
+#else
+        false
+#endif
+    };
+    Setting<bool> controller_navigation{linkage, true, "controller_navigation", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> enable_joycon_driver{linkage, true, "enable_joycon_driver", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> enable_procon_driver{linkage, false, "enable_procon_driver", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> enable_raw_input{false, "enable_raw_input"};
-    Setting<bool> controller_navigation{true, "controller_navigation"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_joycon_driver{true, "enable_joycon_driver"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_procon_driver{false, "enable_procon_driver"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> vibration_enabled{linkage, true, "vibration_enabled",
+                                              Category::Controls};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{linkage, false, "enable_accurate_vibrations",
+                                                       Category::Controls};
 
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> vibration_enabled{true, "vibration_enabled"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{false, "enable_accurate_vibrations"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> motion_enabled{linkage, true, "motion_enabled", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<std::string> udp_input_servers{linkage, "127.0.0.1:26760", "udp_input_servers",
+                                           Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> enable_udp_controller{linkage, false, "enable_udp_controller",
+                                        Category::Controls};
 
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> motion_enabled{true, "motion_enabled"};
-    Setting<std::string> udp_input_servers{"127.0.0.1:26760", "udp_input_servers"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_udp_controller{false, "enable_udp_controller"};
+    Setting<bool> pause_tas_on_load{linkage, true, "pause_tas_on_load", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> tas_enable{linkage, false, "tas_enable", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> tas_loop{linkage, false, "tas_loop", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> pause_tas_on_load{true, "pause_tas_on_load"};
-    Setting<bool> tas_enable{false, "tas_enable"};
-    Setting<bool> tas_loop{false, "tas_loop"};
+    Setting<bool> mouse_panning{
+        linkage, false, "mouse_panning", Category::Controls, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_sensitivity{
+        linkage, 50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_sensitivity", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> mouse_enabled{linkage, false, "mouse_enabled", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> mouse_panning{false, "mouse_panning"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_x_sensitivity{50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_x_sensitivity"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_y_sensitivity{50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_y_sensitivity"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight{20, 0, 100,
-                                                           "mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_decay_strength{18, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_decay_strength"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_min_decay{6, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_min_decay"};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_x_sensitivity{
+        linkage, 50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_x_sensitivity", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_y_sensitivity{
+        linkage, 50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_y_sensitivity", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight{
+        linkage, 20, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_decay_strength{
+        linkage, 18, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_decay_strength", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_min_decay{
+        linkage, 6, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_min_decay", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> mouse_enabled{false, "mouse_enabled"};
-    Setting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{false, "emulate_analog_keyboard"};
-    Setting<bool> keyboard_enabled{false, "keyboard_enabled"};
+    Setting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{linkage, false, "emulate_analog_keyboard",
+                                          Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> keyboard_enabled{linkage, false, "keyboard_enabled", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> debug_pad_enabled{false, "debug_pad_enabled"};
+    Setting<bool> debug_pad_enabled{linkage, false, "debug_pad_enabled", Category::Controls};
     ButtonsRaw debug_pad_buttons;
     AnalogsRaw debug_pad_analogs;
 
     TouchscreenInput touchscreen;
 
-    Setting<std::string> touch_device{"min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850", "touch_device"};
-    Setting<int> touch_from_button_map_index{0, "touch_from_button_map"};
+    Setting<std::string> touch_device{linkage, "min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850",
+                                      "touch_device", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<int> touch_from_button_map_index{linkage, 0, "touch_from_button_map",
+                                             Category::Controls};
     std::vector<TouchFromButtonMap> touch_from_button_maps;
 
-    Setting<bool> enable_ring_controller{true, "enable_ring_controller"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_ring_controller{linkage, true, "enable_ring_controller",
+                                         Category::Controls};
     RingconRaw ringcon_analogs;
 
-    Setting<bool> enable_ir_sensor{false, "enable_ir_sensor"};
-    Setting<std::string> ir_sensor_device{"auto", "ir_sensor_device"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_ir_sensor{linkage, false, "enable_ir_sensor", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<std::string> ir_sensor_device{linkage, "auto", "ir_sensor_device", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> random_amiibo_id{false, "random_amiibo_id"};
+    Setting<bool> random_amiibo_id{linkage, false, "random_amiibo_id", Category::Controls};
 
     // Data Storage
-    Setting<bool> use_virtual_sd{true, "use_virtual_sd"};
-    Setting<bool> gamecard_inserted{false, "gamecard_inserted"};
-    Setting<bool> gamecard_current_game{false, "gamecard_current_game"};
-    Setting<std::string> gamecard_path{std::string(), "gamecard_path"};
+    Setting<bool> use_virtual_sd{linkage, true, "use_virtual_sd", Category::DataStorage};
+    Setting<bool> gamecard_inserted{linkage, false, "gamecard_inserted", Category::DataStorage};
+    Setting<bool> gamecard_current_game{linkage, false, "gamecard_current_game",
+                                        Category::DataStorage};
+    Setting<std::string> gamecard_path{linkage, std::string(), "gamecard_path",
+                                       Category::DataStorage};
 
     // Debugging
     bool record_frame_times;
-    Setting<bool> use_gdbstub{false, "use_gdbstub"};
-    Setting<u16> gdbstub_port{6543, "gdbstub_port"};
-    Setting<std::string> program_args{std::string(), "program_args"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_exefs{false, "dump_exefs"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_nso{false, "dump_nso"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_shaders{false, "dump_shaders"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_macros{false, "dump_macros"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_fs_access_log{false, "enable_fs_access_log"};
-    Setting<bool> reporting_services{false, "reporting_services"};
-    Setting<bool> quest_flag{false, "quest_flag"};
-    Setting<bool> disable_macro_jit{false, "disable_macro_jit"};
-    Setting<bool> disable_macro_hle{false, "disable_macro_hle"};
-    Setting<bool> extended_logging{false, "extended_logging"};
-    Setting<bool> use_debug_asserts{false, "use_debug_asserts"};
-    Setting<bool> use_auto_stub{false, "use_auto_stub"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_all_controllers{false, "enable_all_controllers"};
-    Setting<bool> create_crash_dumps{false, "create_crash_dumps"};
-    Setting<bool> perform_vulkan_check{true, "perform_vulkan_check"};
+    Setting<bool> use_gdbstub{linkage, false, "use_gdbstub", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<u16> gdbstub_port{linkage, 6543, "gdbstub_port", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<std::string> program_args{linkage, std::string(), "program_args", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> dump_exefs{linkage, false, "dump_exefs", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> dump_nso{linkage, false, "dump_nso", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> dump_shaders{
+        linkage, false, "dump_shaders", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default,
+        false};
+    Setting<bool> dump_macros{
+        linkage, false, "dump_macros", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> enable_fs_access_log{linkage, false, "enable_fs_access_log", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> reporting_services{
+        linkage, false, "reporting_services", Category::Debugging, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> quest_flag{linkage, false, "quest_flag", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> disable_macro_jit{linkage, false, "disable_macro_jit",
+                                    Category::DebuggingGraphics};
+    Setting<bool> disable_macro_hle{linkage, false, "disable_macro_hle",
+                                    Category::DebuggingGraphics};
+    Setting<bool> extended_logging{
+        linkage, false, "extended_logging", Category::Debugging, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> use_debug_asserts{linkage, false, "use_debug_asserts", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> use_auto_stub{
+        linkage, false, "use_auto_stub", Category::Debugging, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> enable_all_controllers{linkage, false, "enable_all_controllers",
+                                         Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> create_crash_dumps{linkage, false, "create_crash_dumps", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> perform_vulkan_check{linkage, true, "perform_vulkan_check", Category::Debugging};
 
     // Miscellaneous
-    Setting<std::string> log_filter{"*:Info", "log_filter"};
-    Setting<bool> use_dev_keys{false, "use_dev_keys"};
+    Setting<std::string> log_filter{linkage, "*:Info", "log_filter", Category::Miscellaneous};
+    Setting<bool> use_dev_keys{linkage, false, "use_dev_keys", Category::Miscellaneous};
 
     // Network
-    Setting<std::string> network_interface{std::string(), "network_interface"};
+    Setting<std::string> network_interface{linkage, std::string(), "network_interface",
+                                           Category::Network};
 
     // WebService
-    Setting<bool> enable_telemetry{true, "enable_telemetry"};
-    Setting<std::string> web_api_url{"https://api.yuzu-emu.org", "web_api_url"};
-    Setting<std::string> yuzu_username{std::string(), "yuzu_username"};
-    Setting<std::string> yuzu_token{std::string(), "yuzu_token"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_telemetry{linkage, true, "enable_telemetry", Category::WebService};
+    Setting<std::string> web_api_url{linkage, "https://api.yuzu-emu.org", "web_api_url",
+                                     Category::WebService};
+    Setting<std::string> yuzu_username{linkage, std::string(), "yuzu_username",
+                                       Category::WebService};
+    Setting<std::string> yuzu_token{linkage, std::string(), "yuzu_token", Category::WebService};
 
     // Add-Ons
     std::map<u64, std::vector<std::string>> disabled_addons;
@@ -600,23 +520,26 @@ struct Values {
 
 extern Values values;
 
-bool IsConfiguringGlobal();
-void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global);
-
 bool IsGPULevelExtreme();
 bool IsGPULevelHigh();
 
 bool IsFastmemEnabled();
 
+bool IsDockedMode();
+
 float Volume();
 
-std::string GetTimeZoneString();
+std::string GetTimeZoneString(TimeZone time_zone);
 
 void LogSettings();
 
+void TranslateResolutionInfo(ResolutionSetup setup, ResolutionScalingInfo& info);
 void UpdateRescalingInfo();
 
 // Restore the global state of all applicable settings in the Values struct
 void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on);
 
+bool IsConfiguringGlobal();
+void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global);
+
 } // namespace Settings

src/common/settings_common.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/settings_common.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+BasicSetting::BasicSetting(Linkage& linkage, const std::string& name, enum Category category_,
+                           bool save_, bool runtime_modifiable_, u32 specialization_,
+                           BasicSetting* other_setting_)
+    : label{name}, category{category_}, id{linkage.count}, save{save_},
+      runtime_modifiable{runtime_modifiable_}, specialization{specialization_},
+      other_setting{other_setting_} {
+    linkage.by_category[category].push_back(this);
+    linkage.count++;
+}
+
+BasicSetting::~BasicSetting() = default;
+
+std::string BasicSetting::ToStringGlobal() const {
+    return this->ToString();
+}
+
+bool BasicSetting::UsingGlobal() const {
+    return true;
+}
+
+void BasicSetting::SetGlobal(bool global) {}
+
+bool BasicSetting::Save() const {
+    return save;
+}
+
+bool BasicSetting::RuntimeModfiable() const {
+    return runtime_modifiable;
+}
+
+Category BasicSetting::GetCategory() const {
+    return category;
+}
+
+u32 BasicSetting::Specialization() const {
+    return specialization;
+}
+
+BasicSetting* BasicSetting::PairedSetting() const {
+    return other_setting;
+}
+
+const std::string& BasicSetting::GetLabel() const {
+    return label;
+}
+
+Linkage::Linkage(u32 initial_count) : count{initial_count} {}
+Linkage::~Linkage() = default;
+
+} // namespace Settings

src/common/settings_common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+enum class Category : u32 {
+    Audio,
+    Core,
+    Cpu,
+    CpuDebug,
+    CpuUnsafe,
+    Renderer,
+    RendererAdvanced,
+    RendererDebug,
+    System,
+    SystemAudio,
+    DataStorage,
+    Debugging,
+    DebuggingGraphics,
+    Miscellaneous,
+    Network,
+    WebService,
+    AddOns,
+    Controls,
+    Ui,
+    UiGeneral,
+    UiLayout,
+    UiGameList,
+    Screenshots,
+    Shortcuts,
+    Multiplayer,
+    Services,
+    Paths,
+    MaxEnum,
+};
+
+constexpr u8 SpecializationTypeMask = 0xf;
+constexpr u8 SpecializationAttributeMask = 0xf0;
+constexpr u8 SpecializationAttributeOffset = 4;
+
+// Scalar and countable could have better names
+enum Specialization : u8 {
+    Default = 0,
+    Time = 1,        // Duration or specific moment in time
+    Hex = 2,         // Hexadecimal number
+    List = 3,        // Setting has specific members
+    RuntimeList = 4, // Members of the list are determined during runtime
+    Scalar = 5,      // Values are continuous
+    Countable = 6,   // Can be stepped through
+    Paired = 7,      // Another setting is associated with this setting
+    Radio = 8,       // Setting should be presented in a radio group
+
+    Percentage = (1 << SpecializationAttributeOffset), // Should be represented as a percentage
+};
+
+class BasicSetting;
+
+class Linkage {
+public:
+    explicit Linkage(u32 initial_count = 0);
+    ~Linkage();
+    std::map<Category, std::vector<BasicSetting*>> by_category{};
+    std::vector<std::function<void()>> restore_functions{};
+    u32 count;
+};
+
+/**
+ * BasicSetting is an abstract class that only keeps track of metadata. The string methods are
+ * available to get data values out.
+ */
+class BasicSetting {
+protected:
+    explicit BasicSetting(Linkage& linkage, const std::string& name, Category category_, bool save_,
+                          bool runtime_modifiable_, u32 specialization,
+                          BasicSetting* other_setting);
+
+public:
+    virtual ~BasicSetting();
+
+    /*
+     * Data retrieval
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the internal data. If the Setting is Switchable, it
+     * respects the internal global state: it is based on GetValue().
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the internal data.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string ToString() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the global version of internal data. If the Setting is
+     * not Switchable, it behaves like ToString.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the global version of internal data.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string ToStringGlobal() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns A string representation of the Setting's default value.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string DefaultToString() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the minimum value of the setting. If the Setting is not
+     * ranged, the string represents the default initialization of the data type.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the minimum value of the setting.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string MinVal() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the maximum value of the setting. If the Setting is not
+     * ranged, the string represents the default initialization of the data type.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the maximum value of the setting.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string MaxVal() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Takes a string input, converts it to the internal data type if necessary, and then runs
+     * SetValue with it.
+     *
+     * @param load String of the input data.
+     */
+    virtual void LoadString(const std::string& load) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the data. If the data is an enum, it returns a string of
+     * the enum value. If the internal data type is not an enum, this is equivalent to ToString.
+     *
+     * e.g. renderer_backend.Canonicalize() == "OpenGL"
+     *
+     * @returns Canonicalized string representation of the internal data
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string Canonicalize() const = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Metadata
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @returns A unique identifier for the Setting's internal data type.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::type_index TypeId() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the Setting's internal data type is an enum.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the Setting's internal data type is an enum
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr bool IsEnum() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the current setting is Switchable.
+     *
+     * @returns If the setting is a SwitchableSetting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr bool Switchable() const {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true to suggest that a frontend can read or write the setting to a configuration
+     * file.
+     *
+     * @returns The save preference
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool Save() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns true if the current setting can be changed while the guest is running.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool RuntimeModfiable() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns A unique number corresponding to the setting.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 Id() const {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the setting's category AKA INI group.
+     *
+     * @returns The setting's category
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] Category GetCategory() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns Extra metadata for data representation in frontend implementations.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] u32 Specialization() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns Another BasicSetting if one is paired, or nullptr otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] BasicSetting* PairedSetting() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the label this setting was created with.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the label
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetLabel() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns If the Setting checks input values for valid ranges.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr bool Ranged() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns The index of the enum if the underlying setting type is an enum, else max of u32.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr u32 EnumIndex() const = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Switchable settings
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a setting's global state. True means use the normal setting, false to use a custom
+     * value. Has no effect if the Setting is not Switchable.
+     *
+     * @param global The desired state
+     */
+    virtual void SetGlobal(bool global);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the setting is using the normal setting value. Always true if the setting is
+     * not Switchable.
+     *
+     * @returns The Setting's global state
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool UsingGlobal() const;
+
+private:
+    const std::string label; ///< The setting's label
+    const Category category; ///< The setting's category AKA INI group
+    const u32 id;            ///< Unique integer for the setting
+    const bool save; ///< Suggests if the setting should be saved and read to a frontend config
+    const bool
+        runtime_modifiable;   ///< Suggests if the setting can be modified while a guest is running
+    const u32 specialization; ///< Extra data to identify representation of a setting
+    BasicSetting* const other_setting; ///< A paired setting
+};
+
+} // namespace Settings

src/common/settings_enums.h

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct EnumMetadata {
+    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, T>> Canonicalizations();
+    static u32 Index();
+};
+
+#define PAIR_45(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_46(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_44(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_45(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_43(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_44(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_42(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_43(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_41(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_42(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_40(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_41(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_39(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_40(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_38(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_39(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_37(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_38(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_36(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_37(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_35(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_36(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_34(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_35(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_33(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_34(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_32(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_33(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_31(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_32(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_30(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_31(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_29(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_30(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_28(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_29(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_27(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_28(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_26(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_27(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_25(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_26(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_24(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_25(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_23(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_24(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_22(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_23(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_21(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_22(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_20(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_21(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_19(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_20(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_18(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_19(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_17(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_18(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_16(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_17(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_15(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_16(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_14(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_15(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_13(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_14(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_12(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_13(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_11(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_12(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_10(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_11(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_9(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_10(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_8(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_9(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_7(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_8(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_6(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_7(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_5(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_6(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_4(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_5(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_3(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_4(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_2(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_3(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_1(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_2(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_1(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ENUM(NAME, ...)                                                                            \
+    enum class NAME : u32 { __VA_ARGS__ };                                                         \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    inline std::vector<std::pair<std::string, NAME>> EnumMetadata<NAME>::Canonicalizations() {     \
+        return {PAIR(NAME, __VA_ARGS__)};                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    inline u32 EnumMetadata<NAME>::Index() {                                                       \
+        return __COUNTER__;                                                                        \
+    }
+
+// AudioEngine must be specified discretely due to having existing but slightly different
+// canonicalizations
+// TODO (lat9nq): Remove explicit definition of AudioEngine/sink_id
+enum class AudioEngine : u32 {
+    Auto,
+    Cubeb,
+    Sdl2,
+    Null,
+};
+
+template <>
+inline std::vector<std::pair<std::string, AudioEngine>>
+EnumMetadata<AudioEngine>::Canonicalizations() {
+    return {
+        {"auto", AudioEngine::Auto},
+        {"cubeb", AudioEngine::Cubeb},
+        {"sdl2", AudioEngine::Sdl2},
+        {"null", AudioEngine::Null},
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+inline u32 EnumMetadata<AudioEngine>::Index() {
+    // This is just a sufficiently large number that is more than the number of other enums declared
+    // here
+    return 100;
+}
+
+ENUM(AudioMode, Mono, Stereo, Surround);
+
+ENUM(Language, Japanese, EnglishAmerican, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Dutch,
+     Portuguese, Russian, Taiwanese, EnglishBritish, FrenchCanadian, SpanishLatin,
+     ChineseSimplified, ChineseTraditional, PortugueseBrazilian);
+
+ENUM(Region, Japan, Usa, Europe, Australia, China, Korea, Taiwan);
+
+ENUM(TimeZone, Auto, Default, Cet, Cst6Cdt, Cuba, Eet, Egypt, Eire, Est, Est5Edt, Gb, GbEire, Gmt,
+     GmtPlusZero, GmtMinusZero, GmtZero, Greenwich, Hongkong, Hst, Iceland, Iran, Israel, Jamaica,
+     Japan, Kwajalein, Libya, Met, Mst, Mst7Mdt, Navajo, Nz, NzChat, Poland, Portugal, Prc, Pst8Pdt,
+     Roc, Rok, Singapore, Turkey, Uct, Universal, Utc, WSu, Wet, Zulu);
+
+ENUM(AnisotropyMode, Automatic, Default, X2, X4, X8, X16);
+
+ENUM(AstcDecodeMode, Cpu, Gpu, CpuAsynchronous);
+
+ENUM(AstcRecompression, Uncompressed, Bc1, Bc3);
+
+ENUM(VSyncMode, Immediate, Mailbox, Fifo, FifoRelaxed);
+
+ENUM(RendererBackend, OpenGL, Vulkan, Null);
+
+ENUM(ShaderBackend, Glsl, Glasm, SpirV);
+
+ENUM(GpuAccuracy, Normal, High, Extreme);
+
+ENUM(CpuAccuracy, Auto, Accurate, Unsafe, Paranoid);
+
+ENUM(MemoryLayout, Memory_4Gb, Memory_6Gb, Memory_8Gb);
+
+ENUM(FullscreenMode, Borderless, Exclusive);
+
+ENUM(NvdecEmulation, Off, Cpu, Gpu);
+
+ENUM(ResolutionSetup, Res1_2X, Res3_4X, Res1X, Res3_2X, Res2X, Res3X, Res4X, Res5X, Res6X, Res7X,
+     Res8X);
+
+ENUM(ScalingFilter, NearestNeighbor, Bilinear, Bicubic, Gaussian, ScaleForce, Fsr, MaxEnum);
+
+ENUM(AntiAliasing, None, Fxaa, Smaa, MaxEnum);
+
+ENUM(AspectRatio, R16_9, R4_3, R21_9, R16_10, Stretch);
+
+ENUM(ConsoleMode, Handheld, Docked);
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline std::string CanonicalizeEnum(Type id) {
+    const auto group = EnumMetadata<Type>::Canonicalizations();
+    for (auto& [name, value] : group) {
+        if (value == id) {
+            return name;
+        }
+    }
+    return "unknown";
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline Type ToEnum(const std::string& canonicalization) {
+    const auto group = EnumMetadata<Type>::Canonicalizations();
+    for (auto& [name, value] : group) {
+        if (name == canonicalization) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+} // namespace Settings
+
+#undef ENUM
+#undef PAIR
+#undef PAIR_1
+#undef PAIR_2
+#undef PAIR_3
+#undef PAIR_4
+#undef PAIR_5
+#undef PAIR_6
+#undef PAIR_7
+#undef PAIR_8
+#undef PAIR_9
+#undef PAIR_10
+#undef PAIR_12
+#undef PAIR_13
+#undef PAIR_14
+#undef PAIR_15
+#undef PAIR_16
+#undef PAIR_17
+#undef PAIR_18
+#undef PAIR_19
+#undef PAIR_20
+#undef PAIR_22
+#undef PAIR_23
+#undef PAIR_24
+#undef PAIR_25
+#undef PAIR_26
+#undef PAIR_27
+#undef PAIR_28
+#undef PAIR_29
+#undef PAIR_30
+#undef PAIR_32
+#undef PAIR_33
+#undef PAIR_34
+#undef PAIR_35
+#undef PAIR_36
+#undef PAIR_37
+#undef PAIR_38
+#undef PAIR_39
+#undef PAIR_40
+#undef PAIR_42
+#undef PAIR_43
+#undef PAIR_44
+#undef PAIR_45

src/common/settings_setting.h

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/settings_common.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+/** The Setting class is a simple resource manager. It defines a label and default value
+ * alongside the actual value of the setting for simpler and less-error prone use with frontend
+ * configurations. Specifying a default value and label is required. A minimum and maximum range
+ * can be specified for sanitization.
+ */
+template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
+class Setting : public BasicSetting {
+protected:
+    Setting() = default;
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    explicit Setting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const std::string& name,
+                     Category category_, u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default,
+                     bool save_ = true, bool runtime_modifiable_ = false,
+                     BasicSetting* other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        requires(!ranged)
+        : BasicSetting(linkage, name, category_, save_, runtime_modifiable_, specialization_,
+                       other_setting_),
+          value{default_val}, default_value{default_val} {}
+    virtual ~Setting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    explicit Setting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val,
+                     const Type& max_val, const std::string& name, Category category_,
+                     u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default, bool save_ = true,
+                     bool runtime_modifiable_ = false, BasicSetting* other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        requires(ranged)
+        : BasicSetting(linkage, name, category_, save_, runtime_modifiable_, specialization_,
+                       other_setting_),
+          value{default_val}, default_value{default_val}, maximum{max_val}, minimum{min_val} {}
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a reference to the setting's value.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue() const {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the setting to the given value.
+     *
+     * @param val The desired value
+     */
+    virtual void SetValue(const Type& val) {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
+        std::swap(value, temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value that this setting was created with.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the default value
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetDefault() const {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsEnum() const override {
+        return std::is_enum_v<Type>;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string ToString(const Type& value_) const {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::string>) {
+            return value_;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::optional<u32>>) {
+            return value_.has_value() ? std::to_string(*value_) : "none";
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, bool>) {
+            return value_ ? "true" : "false";
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, AudioEngine>) {
+            // Compatibility with old AudioEngine setting being a string
+            return CanonicalizeEnum(value_);
+        } else {
+            return std::to_string(static_cast<u64>(value_));
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Converts the value of the setting to a std::string. Respects the global state if the setting
+     * has one.
+     *
+     * @returns The current setting as a std::string
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string ToString() const override {
+        return ToString(this->GetValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the default value of the setting as a std::string.
+     *
+     * @returns The default value as a string.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string DefaultToString() const override {
+        return ToString(default_value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns a value to the setting.
+     *
+     * @param val The desired setting value
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    virtual const Type& operator=(const Type& val) {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
+        std::swap(value, temp);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the setting.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    explicit virtual operator const Type&() const {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the given value to the Setting's type of value. Uses SetValue to enter the setting,
+     * thus respecting its constraints.
+     *
+     * @param input The desired value
+     */
+    void LoadString(const std::string& input) override final {
+        if (input.empty()) {
+            this->SetValue(this->GetDefault());
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::string>) {
+                this->SetValue(input);
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::optional<u32>>) {
+                this->SetValue(static_cast<u32>(std::stoul(input)));
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, bool>) {
+                this->SetValue(input == "true");
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, AudioEngine>) {
+                this->SetValue(ToEnum<Type>(input));
+            } else {
+                this->SetValue(static_cast<Type>(std::stoll(input)));
+            }
+        } catch (std::invalid_argument&) {
+            this->SetValue(this->GetDefault());
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string Canonicalize() const override final {
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Type>) {
+            return CanonicalizeEnum(this->GetValue());
+        } else {
+            return ToString(this->GetValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gives us another way to identify the setting without having to go through a string.
+     *
+     * @returns the type_index of the setting's type
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::type_index TypeId() const override final {
+        return std::type_index(typeid(Type));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 EnumIndex() const override final {
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Type>) {
+            return EnumMetadata<Type>::Index();
+        } else {
+            return std::numeric_limits<u32>::max();
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string MinVal() const override final {
+        return this->ToString(minimum);
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string MaxVal() const override final {
+        return this->ToString(maximum);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Ranged() const override {
+        return ranged;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    Type value{};               ///< The setting
+    const Type default_value{}; ///< The default value
+    const Type maximum{};       ///< Maximum allowed value of the setting
+    const Type minimum{};       ///< Minimum allowed value of the setting
+};
+
+/**
+ * The SwitchableSetting class is a slightly more complex version of the Setting class. This adds a
+ * custom setting to switch to when a guest application specifically requires it. The effect is that
+ * other components of the emulator can access the setting's intended value without any need for the
+ * component to ask whether the custom or global setting is needed at the moment.
+ *
+ * By default, the global setting is used.
+ */
+template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
+class SwitchableSetting : virtual public Setting<Type, ranged> {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    template <typename T = BasicSetting>
+    explicit SwitchableSetting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const std::string& name,
+                               Category category_, u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default,
+                               bool save_ = true, bool runtime_modifiable_ = false,
+                               typename std::enable_if<!ranged, T*>::type other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        : Setting<Type, false>{
+              linkage, default_val,         name,          category_, specialization_,
+              save_,   runtime_modifiable_, other_setting_} {
+        linkage.restore_functions.emplace_back([this]() { this->SetGlobal(true); });
+    }
+    virtual ~SwitchableSetting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    template <typename T = BasicSetting>
+    explicit SwitchableSetting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val,
+                               const Type& max_val, const std::string& name, Category category_,
+                               u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default, bool save_ = true,
+                               bool runtime_modifiable_ = false,
+                               typename std::enable_if<ranged, T*>::type other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        : Setting<Type, true>{linkage,         default_val, min_val,
+                              max_val,         name,        category_,
+                              specialization_, save_,       runtime_modifiable_,
+                              other_setting_} {
+        linkage.restore_functions.emplace_back([this]() { this->SetGlobal(true); });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells this setting to represent either the global or custom setting when other member
+     * functions are used.
+     *
+     * @param to_global Whether to use the global or custom setting.
+     */
+    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) override final {
+        use_global = to_global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this setting is using the global setting or not.
+     *
+     * @returns The global state
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool UsingGlobal() const override final {
+        return use_global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns either the global or custom setting depending on the values of this setting's global
+     * state or if the global value was specifically requested.
+     *
+     * @param need_global Request global value regardless of setting's state; defaults to false
+     *
+     * @returns The required value of the setting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetValue() const override final {
+        if (use_global) {
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetValue(bool need_global) const {
+        if (use_global || need_global) {
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @param val The new value
+     */
+    void SetValue(const Type& val) override final {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
+        if (use_global) {
+            std::swap(this->value, temp);
+        } else {
+            std::swap(custom, temp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Switchable() const override final {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string ToStringGlobal() const override final {
+        return this->ToString(this->value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @param val The new value
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
+     */
+    const Type& operator=(const Type& val) override final {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
+        if (use_global) {
+            std::swap(this->value, temp);
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        std::swap(custom, temp);
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
+     */
+    explicit operator const Type&() const override final {
+        if (use_global) {
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    bool use_global{true}; ///< The setting's global state
+    Type custom{};         ///< The custom value of the setting
+};
+
+} // namespace Settings

src/common/swap.h

@@ -460,11 +460,6 @@ S operator&(const S& i, const swap_struct_t<T, F> v) {
     return i & v.swap();
 }
 
-template <typename S, typename T, typename F>
-S operator&(const swap_struct_t<T, F> v, const S& i) {
-    return static_cast<S>(v.swap() & i);
-}
-
 // Comparison
 template <typename S, typename T, typename F>
 bool operator<(const S& p, const swap_struct_t<T, F> v) {

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -37,6 +37,49 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     debugger/gdbstub.h
     device_memory.cpp
     device_memory.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_counter_extended_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_counter_extended_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_xts_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_xts_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage_impl.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage_impl.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree_utils.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compressed_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_common.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_configuration.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_configuration.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_crypto_configuration.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_crypto_configuration.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_sha256_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_sha256_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_indirect_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_indirect_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_romfs_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_romfs_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_verification_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_verification_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_memory_resource_buffer_hold_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_file_system_driver.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_file_system_driver.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_header.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_header.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_reader.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_sparse_storage.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_sparse_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_switch_storage.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_utility.cpp
+    file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_utility.h
+    file_sys/fssystem/fs_types.h
     file_sys/bis_factory.cpp
     file_sys/bis_factory.h
     file_sys/card_image.cpp
@@ -57,8 +100,6 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     file_sys/mode.h
     file_sys/nca_metadata.cpp
     file_sys/nca_metadata.h
-    file_sys/nca_patch.cpp
-    file_sys/nca_patch.h
     file_sys/partition_filesystem.cpp
     file_sys/partition_filesystem.h
     file_sys/patch_manager.cpp

src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic_32.cpp

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A32::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_32::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
         }
     } else {
         // Unsafe optimizations
-        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Unsafe) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CpuAccuracy::Unsafe) {
             config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
             if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma) {
                 config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A32::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_32::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
         }
 
         // Curated optimizations
-        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Auto) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CpuAccuracy::Auto) {
             config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
             config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
             config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_IgnoreStandardFPCRValue;
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A32::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_32::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
         }
 
         // Paranoia mode for debugging optimizations
-        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Paranoid) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CpuAccuracy::Paranoid) {
             config.unsafe_optimizations = false;
             config.optimizations = Dynarmic::no_optimizations;
         }

src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic_64.cpp

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_64::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
         }
     } else {
         // Unsafe optimizations
-        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Unsafe) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CpuAccuracy::Unsafe) {
             config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
             if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma) {
                 config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_64::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
         }
 
         // Curated optimizations
-        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Auto) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CpuAccuracy::Auto) {
             config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
             config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
             config.fastmem_address_space_bits = 64;
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_64::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
         }
 
         // Paranoia mode for debugging optimizations
-        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Paranoid) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CpuAccuracy::Paranoid) {
             config.unsafe_optimizations = false;
             config.optimizations = Dynarmic::no_optimizations;
         }

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
@@ -140,16 +141,13 @@ struct System::Impl {
         device_memory = std::make_unique<Core::DeviceMemory>();
 
         is_multicore = Settings::values.use_multi_core.GetValue();
-        extended_memory_layout = Settings::values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.GetValue();
+        extended_memory_layout =
+            Settings::values.memory_layout_mode.GetValue() != Settings::MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb;
 
         core_timing.SetMulticore(is_multicore);
         core_timing.Initialize([&system]() { system.RegisterHostThread(); });
 
-        const auto posix_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch();
-        const auto current_time =
-            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(posix_time).count();
-        Settings::values.custom_rtc_differential =
-            Settings::values.custom_rtc.value_or(current_time) - current_time;
+        RefreshTime();
 
         // Create a default fs if one doesn't already exist.
         if (virtual_filesystem == nullptr) {
@@ -172,7 +170,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
     void ReinitializeIfNecessary(System& system) {
         const bool must_reinitialize =
             is_multicore != Settings::values.use_multi_core.GetValue() ||
-            extended_memory_layout != Settings::values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.GetValue();
+            extended_memory_layout != (Settings::values.memory_layout_mode.GetValue() !=
+                                       Settings::MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb);
 
         if (!must_reinitialize) {
             return;
@@ -181,11 +180,22 @@ struct System::Impl {
         LOG_DEBUG(Kernel, "Re-initializing");
 
         is_multicore = Settings::values.use_multi_core.GetValue();
-        extended_memory_layout = Settings::values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.GetValue();
+        extended_memory_layout =
+            Settings::values.memory_layout_mode.GetValue() != Settings::MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb;
 
         Initialize(system);
     }
 
+    void RefreshTime() {
+        const auto posix_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch();
+        const auto current_time =
+            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(posix_time).count();
+        Settings::values.custom_rtc_differential =
+            (Settings::values.custom_rtc_enabled ? Settings::values.custom_rtc.GetValue()
+                                                 : current_time) -
+            current_time;
+    }
+
     void Run() {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(suspend_guard);
 
@@ -1028,6 +1038,8 @@ void System::Exit() {
 }
 
 void System::ApplySettings() {
+    impl->RefreshTime();
+
     if (IsPoweredOn()) {
         Renderer().RefreshBaseSettings();
     }

src/core/debugger/gdbstub.cpp

@@ -263,6 +263,23 @@ void GDBStub::ExecuteCommand(std::string_view packet, std::vector<DebuggerAction
 
         std::vector<u8> mem(size);
         if (system.ApplicationMemory().ReadBlock(addr, mem.data(), size)) {
+            // Restore any bytes belonging to replaced instructions.
+            auto it = replaced_instructions.lower_bound(addr);
+            for (; it != replaced_instructions.end() && it->first < addr + size; it++) {
+                // Get the bytes of the instruction we previously replaced.
+                const u32 original_bytes = it->second;
+
+                // Calculate where to start writing to the output buffer.
+                const size_t output_offset = it->first - addr;
+
+                // Calculate how many bytes to write.
+                // The loop condition ensures output_offset < size.
+                const size_t n = std::min<size_t>(size - output_offset, sizeof(u32));
+
+                // Write the bytes to the output buffer.
+                std::memcpy(mem.data() + output_offset, &original_bytes, n);
+            }
+
             SendReply(Common::HexToString(mem));
         } else {
             SendReply(GDB_STUB_REPLY_ERR);

src/core/file_sys/card_image.cpp

@@ -31,13 +31,9 @@ XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_, u64 program_id, size_t program_index)
     : file(std::move(file_)), program_nca_status{Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorXCIMissingProgramNCA},
       partitions(partition_names.size()),
       partitions_raw(partition_names.size()), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
-    if (file->ReadObject(&header) != sizeof(GamecardHeader)) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadXCIHeader;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (header.magic != Common::MakeMagic('H', 'E', 'A', 'D')) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadXCIHeader;
+    const auto header_status = TryReadHeader();
+    if (header_status != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        status = header_status;
         return;
     }
 
@@ -183,9 +179,9 @@ u32 XCI::GetSystemUpdateVersion() {
     }
 
     for (const auto& update_file : update->GetFiles()) {
-        NCA nca{update_file, nullptr, 0};
+        NCA nca{update_file};
 
-        if (nca.GetStatus() != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        if (nca.GetStatus() != Loader::ResultStatus::Success || nca.GetSubdirectories().empty()) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -296,7 +292,7 @@ Loader::ResultStatus XCI::AddNCAFromPartition(XCIPartition part) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        auto nca = std::make_shared<NCA>(partition_file, nullptr, 0);
+        auto nca = std::make_shared<NCA>(partition_file);
         if (nca->IsUpdate()) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -316,6 +312,44 @@ Loader::ResultStatus XCI::AddNCAFromPartition(XCIPartition part) {
     return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
 }
 
+Loader::ResultStatus XCI::TryReadHeader() {
+    constexpr size_t CardInitialDataRegionSize = 0x1000;
+
+    // Define the function we'll use to determine if we read a valid header.
+    const auto ReadCardHeader = [&]() {
+        // Ensure we can read the entire header. If we can't, we can't read the card image.
+        if (file->ReadObject(&header) != sizeof(GamecardHeader)) {
+            return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadXCIHeader;
+        }
+
+        // Ensure the header magic matches. If it doesn't, this isn't a card image header.
+        if (header.magic != Common::MakeMagic('H', 'E', 'A', 'D')) {
+            return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadXCIHeader;
+        }
+
+        // We read a card image header.
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+    };
+
+    // Try to read the header directly.
+    if (ReadCardHeader() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+    }
+
+    // Get the size of the file.
+    const size_t card_image_size = file->GetSize();
+
+    // If we are large enough to have a key area, offset past the key area and retry.
+    if (card_image_size >= CardInitialDataRegionSize) {
+        file = std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(file, card_image_size - CardInitialDataRegionSize,
+                                               CardInitialDataRegionSize);
+        return ReadCardHeader();
+    }
+
+    // We had no header and aren't large enough to have a key area, so this can't be parsed.
+    return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadXCIHeader;
+}
+
 u8 XCI::GetFormatVersion() {
     return GetLogoPartition() == nullptr ? 0x1 : 0x2;
 }

src/core/file_sys/card_image.h

@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     Loader::ResultStatus AddNCAFromPartition(XCIPartition part);
+    Loader::ResultStatus TryReadHeader();
 
     VirtualFile file;
     GamecardHeader header{};

src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp

@@ -12,546 +12,110 @@
 #include "core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/content_archive.h"
-#include "core/file_sys/nca_patch.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/partition_filesystem.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_configuration.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_crypto_configuration.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_file_system_driver.h"
+
 namespace FileSys {
 
-// Media offsets in headers are stored divided by 512. Mult. by this to get real offset.
-constexpr u64 MEDIA_OFFSET_MULTIPLIER = 0x200;
-
-constexpr u64 SECTION_HEADER_SIZE = 0x200;
-constexpr u64 SECTION_HEADER_OFFSET = 0x400;
-
-constexpr u32 IVFC_MAX_LEVEL = 6;
-
-enum class NCASectionFilesystemType : u8 {
-    PFS0 = 0x2,
-    ROMFS = 0x3,
-};
-
-struct IVFCLevel {
-    u64_le offset;
-    u64_le size;
-    u32_le block_size;
-    u32_le reserved;
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(IVFCLevel) == 0x18, "IVFCLevel has incorrect size.");
-
-struct IVFCHeader {
-    u32_le magic;
-    u32_le magic_number;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(8);
-    std::array<IVFCLevel, 6> levels;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(64);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(IVFCHeader) == 0xE0, "IVFCHeader has incorrect size.");
-
-struct NCASectionHeaderBlock {
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
-    NCASectionFilesystemType filesystem_type;
-    NCASectionCryptoType crypto_type;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCASectionHeaderBlock) == 0x8, "NCASectionHeaderBlock has incorrect size.");
-
-struct NCABucketInfo {
-    u64 table_offset;
-    u64 table_size;
-    std::array<u8, 0x10> table_header;
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCABucketInfo) == 0x20, "NCABucketInfo has incorrect size.");
-
-struct NCASparseInfo {
-    NCABucketInfo bucket;
-    u64 physical_offset;
-    u16 generation;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x6);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCASparseInfo) == 0x30, "NCASparseInfo has incorrect size.");
-
-struct NCACompressionInfo {
-    NCABucketInfo bucket;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x8);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCACompressionInfo) == 0x28, "NCACompressionInfo has incorrect size.");
-
-struct NCASectionRaw {
-    NCASectionHeaderBlock header;
-    std::array<u8, 0x138> block_data;
-    std::array<u8, 0x8> section_ctr;
-    NCASparseInfo sparse_info;
-    NCACompressionInfo compression_info;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x60);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCASectionRaw) == 0x200, "NCASectionRaw has incorrect size.");
-
-struct PFS0Superblock {
-    NCASectionHeaderBlock header_block;
-    std::array<u8, 0x20> hash;
-    u32_le size;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(4);
-    u64_le hash_table_offset;
-    u64_le hash_table_size;
-    u64_le pfs0_header_offset;
-    u64_le pfs0_size;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x1B0);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(PFS0Superblock) == 0x200, "PFS0Superblock has incorrect size.");
-
-struct RomFSSuperblock {
-    NCASectionHeaderBlock header_block;
-    IVFCHeader ivfc;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x118);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(RomFSSuperblock) == 0x200, "RomFSSuperblock has incorrect size.");
-
-struct BKTRHeader {
-    u64_le offset;
-    u64_le size;
-    u32_le magic;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x4);
-    u32_le number_entries;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x4);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(BKTRHeader) == 0x20, "BKTRHeader has incorrect size.");
-
-struct BKTRSuperblock {
-    NCASectionHeaderBlock header_block;
-    IVFCHeader ivfc;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x18);
-    BKTRHeader relocation;
-    BKTRHeader subsection;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0xC0);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(BKTRSuperblock) == 0x200, "BKTRSuperblock has incorrect size.");
-
-union NCASectionHeader {
-    NCASectionRaw raw{};
-    PFS0Superblock pfs0;
-    RomFSSuperblock romfs;
-    BKTRSuperblock bktr;
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCASectionHeader) == 0x200, "NCASectionHeader has incorrect size.");
-
-static bool IsValidNCA(const NCAHeader& header) {
-    // TODO(DarkLordZach): Add NCA2/NCA0 support.
-    return header.magic == Common::MakeMagic('N', 'C', 'A', '3');
-}
-
-NCA::NCA(VirtualFile file_, VirtualFile bktr_base_romfs_, u64 bktr_base_ivfc_offset)
-    : file(std::move(file_)),
-      bktr_base_romfs(std::move(bktr_base_romfs_)), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
+NCA::NCA(VirtualFile file_, const NCA* base_nca)
+    : file(std::move(file_)), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
     if (file == nullptr) {
         status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNullFile;
         return;
     }
 
-    if (sizeof(NCAHeader) != file->ReadObject(&header)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Loader, "File reader errored out during header read.");
+    reader = std::make_shared<NcaReader>();
+    if (Result rc =
+            reader->Initialize(file, GetCryptoConfiguration(), GetNcaCompressionConfiguration());
+        R_FAILED(rc)) {
+        if (rc != ResultInvalidNcaSignature) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Loader, "File reader errored out during header read: {:#x}",
+                      rc.GetInnerValue());
+        }
         status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadNCAHeader;
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!HandlePotentialHeaderDecryption()) {
-        return;
+    RightsId rights_id{};
+    reader->GetRightsId(rights_id.data(), rights_id.size());
+    if (rights_id != RightsId{}) {
+        // External decryption key required; provide it here.
+        const auto key_generation = std::max<s32>(reader->GetKeyGeneration(), 1) - 1;
+
+        u128 rights_id_u128;
+        std::memcpy(rights_id_u128.data(), rights_id.data(), sizeof(rights_id));
+
+        auto titlekey =
+            keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::Titlekey, rights_id_u128[1], rights_id_u128[0]);
+        if (titlekey == Core::Crypto::Key128{}) {
+            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingTitlekey;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!keys.HasKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::Titlekek, key_generation)) {
+            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingTitlekek;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto titlekek = keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::Titlekek, key_generation);
+        Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128> cipher(titlekek, Core::Crypto::Mode::ECB);
+        cipher.Transcode(titlekey.data(), titlekey.size(), titlekey.data(),
+                         Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+
+        reader->SetExternalDecryptionKey(titlekey.data(), titlekey.size());
     }
 
-    has_rights_id = std::ranges::any_of(header.rights_id, [](char c) { return c != '\0'; });
+    const s32 fs_count = reader->GetFsCount();
+    NcaFileSystemDriver fs(base_nca ? base_nca->reader : nullptr, reader);
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> filesystems(fs_count);
+    for (s32 i = 0; i < fs_count; i++) {
+        NcaFsHeaderReader header_reader;
+        const Result rc = fs.OpenStorage(&filesystems[i], &header_reader, i);
+        if (R_FAILED(rc)) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Loader, "File reader errored out during read of section {}: {:#x}", i,
+                      rc.GetInnerValue());
+            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadNCAHeader;
+            return;
+        }
 
-    const std::vector<NCASectionHeader> sections = ReadSectionHeaders();
-    is_update = std::ranges::any_of(sections, [](const NCASectionHeader& nca_header) {
-        return nca_header.raw.header.crypto_type == NCASectionCryptoType::BKTR;
-    });
+        if (header_reader.GetFsType() == NcaFsHeader::FsType::RomFs) {
+            files.push_back(filesystems[i]);
+            romfs = files.back();
+        }
 
-    if (!ReadSections(sections, bktr_base_ivfc_offset)) {
-        return;
+        if (header_reader.GetFsType() == NcaFsHeader::FsType::PartitionFs) {
+            auto npfs = std::make_shared<PartitionFilesystem>(filesystems[i]);
+            if (npfs->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+                dirs.push_back(npfs);
+                if (IsDirectoryExeFS(npfs)) {
+                    exefs = dirs.back();
+                } else if (IsDirectoryLogoPartition(npfs)) {
+                    logo = dirs.back();
+                } else {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (header_reader.GetEncryptionType() == NcaFsHeader::EncryptionType::AesCtrEx) {
+            is_update = true;
+        }
     }
 
-    status = Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+    if (is_update && base_nca == nullptr) {
+        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingBKTRBaseRomFS;
+    } else {
+        status = Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+    }
 }
 
 NCA::~NCA() = default;
 
-bool NCA::CheckSupportedNCA(const NCAHeader& nca_header) {
-    if (nca_header.magic == Common::MakeMagic('N', 'C', 'A', '2')) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNCA2;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (nca_header.magic == Common::MakeMagic('N', 'C', 'A', '0')) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNCA0;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool NCA::HandlePotentialHeaderDecryption() {
-    if (IsValidNCA(header)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (!CheckSupportedNCA(header)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    NCAHeader dec_header{};
-    Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key256> cipher(
-        keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S256KeyType::Header), Core::Crypto::Mode::XTS);
-    cipher.XTSTranscode(&header, sizeof(NCAHeader), &dec_header, 0, 0x200,
-                        Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
-    if (IsValidNCA(dec_header)) {
-        header = dec_header;
-        encrypted = true;
-    } else {
-        if (!CheckSupportedNCA(dec_header)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (keys.HasKey(Core::Crypto::S256KeyType::Header)) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectHeaderKey;
-        } else {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingHeaderKey;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-std::vector<NCASectionHeader> NCA::ReadSectionHeaders() const {
-    const std::ptrdiff_t number_sections =
-        std::ranges::count_if(header.section_tables, [](const NCASectionTableEntry& entry) {
-            return entry.media_offset > 0;
-        });
-
-    std::vector<NCASectionHeader> sections(number_sections);
-    const auto length_sections = SECTION_HEADER_SIZE * number_sections;
-
-    if (encrypted) {
-        auto raw = file->ReadBytes(length_sections, SECTION_HEADER_OFFSET);
-        Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key256> cipher(
-            keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S256KeyType::Header), Core::Crypto::Mode::XTS);
-        cipher.XTSTranscode(raw.data(), length_sections, sections.data(), 2, SECTION_HEADER_SIZE,
-                            Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
-    } else {
-        file->ReadBytes(sections.data(), length_sections, SECTION_HEADER_OFFSET);
-    }
-
-    return sections;
-}
-
-bool NCA::ReadSections(const std::vector<NCASectionHeader>& sections, u64 bktr_base_ivfc_offset) {
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sections.size(); ++i) {
-        const auto& section = sections[i];
-
-        if (section.raw.sparse_info.bucket.table_offset != 0 &&
-            section.raw.sparse_info.bucket.table_size != 0) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Loader, "Sparse NCAs are not supported.");
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorSparseNCA;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (section.raw.compression_info.bucket.table_offset != 0 &&
-            section.raw.compression_info.bucket.table_size != 0) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Loader, "Compressed NCAs are not supported.");
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorCompressedNCA;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (section.raw.header.filesystem_type == NCASectionFilesystemType::ROMFS) {
-            if (!ReadRomFSSection(section, header.section_tables[i], bktr_base_ivfc_offset)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (section.raw.header.filesystem_type == NCASectionFilesystemType::PFS0) {
-            if (!ReadPFS0Section(section, header.section_tables[i])) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool NCA::ReadRomFSSection(const NCASectionHeader& section, const NCASectionTableEntry& entry,
-                           u64 bktr_base_ivfc_offset) {
-    const std::size_t base_offset = entry.media_offset * MEDIA_OFFSET_MULTIPLIER;
-    ivfc_offset = section.romfs.ivfc.levels[IVFC_MAX_LEVEL - 1].offset;
-    const std::size_t romfs_offset = base_offset + ivfc_offset;
-    const std::size_t romfs_size = section.romfs.ivfc.levels[IVFC_MAX_LEVEL - 1].size;
-    auto raw = std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(file, romfs_size, romfs_offset);
-    auto dec = Decrypt(section, raw, romfs_offset);
-
-    if (dec == nullptr) {
-        if (status != Loader::ResultStatus::Success)
-            return false;
-        if (has_rights_id)
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectTitlekeyOrTitlekek;
-        else
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectKeyAreaKey;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (section.raw.header.crypto_type == NCASectionCryptoType::BKTR) {
-        if (section.bktr.relocation.magic != Common::MakeMagic('B', 'K', 'T', 'R') ||
-            section.bktr.subsection.magic != Common::MakeMagic('B', 'K', 'T', 'R')) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadBKTRHeader;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (section.bktr.relocation.offset + section.bktr.relocation.size !=
-            section.bktr.subsection.offset) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBKTRSubsectionNotAfterRelocation;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        const u64 size = MEDIA_OFFSET_MULTIPLIER * (entry.media_end_offset - entry.media_offset);
-        if (section.bktr.subsection.offset + section.bktr.subsection.size != size) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBKTRSubsectionNotAtEnd;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        const u64 offset = section.romfs.ivfc.levels[IVFC_MAX_LEVEL - 1].offset;
-        RelocationBlock relocation_block{};
-        if (dec->ReadObject(&relocation_block, section.bktr.relocation.offset - offset) !=
-            sizeof(RelocationBlock)) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadRelocationBlock;
-            return false;
-        }
-        SubsectionBlock subsection_block{};
-        if (dec->ReadObject(&subsection_block, section.bktr.subsection.offset - offset) !=
-            sizeof(RelocationBlock)) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadSubsectionBlock;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        std::vector<RelocationBucketRaw> relocation_buckets_raw(
-            (section.bktr.relocation.size - sizeof(RelocationBlock)) / sizeof(RelocationBucketRaw));
-        if (dec->ReadBytes(relocation_buckets_raw.data(),
-                           section.bktr.relocation.size - sizeof(RelocationBlock),
-                           section.bktr.relocation.offset + sizeof(RelocationBlock) - offset) !=
-            section.bktr.relocation.size - sizeof(RelocationBlock)) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadRelocationBuckets;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        std::vector<SubsectionBucketRaw> subsection_buckets_raw(
-            (section.bktr.subsection.size - sizeof(SubsectionBlock)) / sizeof(SubsectionBucketRaw));
-        if (dec->ReadBytes(subsection_buckets_raw.data(),
-                           section.bktr.subsection.size - sizeof(SubsectionBlock),
-                           section.bktr.subsection.offset + sizeof(SubsectionBlock) - offset) !=
-            section.bktr.subsection.size - sizeof(SubsectionBlock)) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadSubsectionBuckets;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        std::vector<RelocationBucket> relocation_buckets(relocation_buckets_raw.size());
-        std::ranges::transform(relocation_buckets_raw, relocation_buckets.begin(),
-                               &ConvertRelocationBucketRaw);
-        std::vector<SubsectionBucket> subsection_buckets(subsection_buckets_raw.size());
-        std::ranges::transform(subsection_buckets_raw, subsection_buckets.begin(),
-                               &ConvertSubsectionBucketRaw);
-
-        u32 ctr_low;
-        std::memcpy(&ctr_low, section.raw.section_ctr.data(), sizeof(ctr_low));
-        subsection_buckets.back().entries.push_back({section.bktr.relocation.offset, {0}, ctr_low});
-        subsection_buckets.back().entries.push_back({size, {0}, 0});
-
-        std::optional<Core::Crypto::Key128> key;
-        if (encrypted) {
-            if (has_rights_id) {
-                status = Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
-                key = GetTitlekey();
-                if (!key) {
-                    status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingTitlekey;
-                    return false;
-                }
-            } else {
-                key = GetKeyAreaKey(NCASectionCryptoType::BKTR);
-                if (!key) {
-                    status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingKeyAreaKey;
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (bktr_base_romfs == nullptr) {
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingBKTRBaseRomFS;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        auto bktr = std::make_shared<BKTR>(
-            bktr_base_romfs, std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(file, romfs_size, base_offset),
-            relocation_block, relocation_buckets, subsection_block, subsection_buckets, encrypted,
-            encrypted ? *key : Core::Crypto::Key128{}, base_offset, bktr_base_ivfc_offset,
-            section.raw.section_ctr);
-
-        // BKTR applies to entire IVFC, so make an offset version to level 6
-        files.push_back(std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(
-            bktr, romfs_size, section.romfs.ivfc.levels[IVFC_MAX_LEVEL - 1].offset));
-    } else {
-        files.push_back(std::move(dec));
-    }
-
-    romfs = files.back();
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool NCA::ReadPFS0Section(const NCASectionHeader& section, const NCASectionTableEntry& entry) {
-    const u64 offset = (static_cast<u64>(entry.media_offset) * MEDIA_OFFSET_MULTIPLIER) +
-                       section.pfs0.pfs0_header_offset;
-    const u64 size = MEDIA_OFFSET_MULTIPLIER * (entry.media_end_offset - entry.media_offset);
-
-    auto dec = Decrypt(section, std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(file, size, offset), offset);
-    if (dec != nullptr) {
-        auto npfs = std::make_shared<PartitionFilesystem>(std::move(dec));
-
-        if (npfs->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
-            dirs.push_back(std::move(npfs));
-            if (IsDirectoryExeFS(dirs.back()))
-                exefs = dirs.back();
-            else if (IsDirectoryLogoPartition(dirs.back()))
-                logo = dirs.back();
-        } else {
-            if (has_rights_id)
-                status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectTitlekeyOrTitlekek;
-            else
-                status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectKeyAreaKey;
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (status != Loader::ResultStatus::Success)
-            return false;
-        if (has_rights_id)
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectTitlekeyOrTitlekek;
-        else
-            status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectKeyAreaKey;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-u8 NCA::GetCryptoRevision() const {
-    u8 master_key_id = header.crypto_type;
-    if (header.crypto_type_2 > master_key_id)
-        master_key_id = header.crypto_type_2;
-    if (master_key_id > 0)
-        --master_key_id;
-    return master_key_id;
-}
-
-std::optional<Core::Crypto::Key128> NCA::GetKeyAreaKey(NCASectionCryptoType type) const {
-    const auto master_key_id = GetCryptoRevision();
-
-    if (!keys.HasKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::KeyArea, master_key_id, header.key_index)) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<u8> key_area(header.key_area.begin(), header.key_area.end());
-    Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128> cipher(
-        keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::KeyArea, master_key_id, header.key_index),
-        Core::Crypto::Mode::ECB);
-    cipher.Transcode(key_area.data(), key_area.size(), key_area.data(), Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
-
-    Core::Crypto::Key128 out{};
-    if (type == NCASectionCryptoType::XTS) {
-        std::copy(key_area.begin(), key_area.begin() + 0x10, out.begin());
-    } else if (type == NCASectionCryptoType::CTR || type == NCASectionCryptoType::BKTR) {
-        std::copy(key_area.begin() + 0x20, key_area.begin() + 0x30, out.begin());
-    } else {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Crypto, "Called GetKeyAreaKey on invalid NCASectionCryptoType type={:02X}",
-                     type);
-    }
-
-    u128 out_128{};
-    std::memcpy(out_128.data(), out.data(), sizeof(u128));
-    LOG_TRACE(Crypto, "called with crypto_rev={:02X}, kak_index={:02X}, key={:016X}{:016X}",
-              master_key_id, header.key_index, out_128[1], out_128[0]);
-
-    return out;
-}
-
-std::optional<Core::Crypto::Key128> NCA::GetTitlekey() {
-    const auto master_key_id = GetCryptoRevision();
-
-    u128 rights_id{};
-    memcpy(rights_id.data(), header.rights_id.data(), 16);
-    if (rights_id == u128{}) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidRightsID;
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    auto titlekey = keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::Titlekey, rights_id[1], rights_id[0]);
-    if (titlekey == Core::Crypto::Key128{}) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingTitlekey;
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    if (!keys.HasKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::Titlekek, master_key_id)) {
-        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingTitlekek;
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128> cipher(
-        keys.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::Titlekek, master_key_id), Core::Crypto::Mode::ECB);
-    cipher.Transcode(titlekey.data(), titlekey.size(), titlekey.data(), Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
-
-    return titlekey;
-}
-
-VirtualFile NCA::Decrypt(const NCASectionHeader& s_header, VirtualFile in, u64 starting_offset) {
-    if (!encrypted)
-        return in;
-
-    switch (s_header.raw.header.crypto_type) {
-    case NCASectionCryptoType::NONE:
-        LOG_TRACE(Crypto, "called with mode=NONE");
-        return in;
-    case NCASectionCryptoType::CTR:
-    // During normal BKTR decryption, this entire function is skipped. This is for the metadata,
-    // which uses the same CTR as usual.
-    case NCASectionCryptoType::BKTR:
-        LOG_TRACE(Crypto, "called with mode=CTR, starting_offset={:016X}", starting_offset);
-        {
-            std::optional<Core::Crypto::Key128> key;
-            if (has_rights_id) {
-                status = Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
-                key = GetTitlekey();
-                if (!key) {
-                    if (status == Loader::ResultStatus::Success)
-                        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingTitlekey;
-                    return nullptr;
-                }
-            } else {
-                key = GetKeyAreaKey(NCASectionCryptoType::CTR);
-                if (!key) {
-                    status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingKeyAreaKey;
-                    return nullptr;
-                }
-            }
-
-            auto out = std::make_shared<Core::Crypto::CTREncryptionLayer>(std::move(in), *key,
-                                                                          starting_offset);
-            Core::Crypto::CTREncryptionLayer::IVData iv{};
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
-                iv[i] = s_header.raw.section_ctr[8 - i - 1];
-            }
-            out->SetIV(iv);
-            return std::static_pointer_cast<VfsFile>(out);
-        }
-    case NCASectionCryptoType::XTS:
-        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a test case for XTS-encrypted NCAs
-    default:
-        LOG_ERROR(Crypto, "called with unhandled crypto type={:02X}",
-                  s_header.raw.header.crypto_type);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-}
-
 Loader::ResultStatus NCA::GetStatus() const {
     return status;
 }
@@ -579,21 +143,24 @@ VirtualDir NCA::GetParentDirectory() const {
 }
 
 NCAContentType NCA::GetType() const {
-    return header.content_type;
+    return static_cast<NCAContentType>(reader->GetContentType());
 }
 
 u64 NCA::GetTitleId() const {
-    if (is_update || status == Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingBKTRBaseRomFS)
-        return header.title_id | 0x800;
-    return header.title_id;
+    if (is_update) {
+        return reader->GetProgramId() | 0x800;
+    }
+    return reader->GetProgramId();
 }
 
-std::array<u8, 16> NCA::GetRightsId() const {
-    return header.rights_id;
+RightsId NCA::GetRightsId() const {
+    RightsId result;
+    reader->GetRightsId(result.data(), result.size());
+    return result;
 }
 
 u32 NCA::GetSDKVersion() const {
-    return header.sdk_version;
+    return reader->GetSdkAddonVersion();
 }
 
 bool NCA::IsUpdate() const {
@@ -612,10 +179,6 @@ VirtualFile NCA::GetBaseFile() const {
     return file;
 }
 
-u64 NCA::GetBaseIVFCOffset() const {
-    return ivfc_offset;
-}
-
 VirtualDir NCA::GetLogoPartition() const {
     return logo;
 }

src/core/file_sys/content_archive.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ enum class ResultStatus : u16;
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-union NCASectionHeader;
+class NcaReader;
 
 /// Describes the type of content within an NCA archive.
 enum class NCAContentType : u8 {
@@ -45,41 +45,7 @@ enum class NCAContentType : u8 {
     PublicData = 5,
 };
 
-enum class NCASectionCryptoType : u8 {
-    NONE = 1,
-    XTS = 2,
-    CTR = 3,
-    BKTR = 4,
-};
-
-struct NCASectionTableEntry {
-    u32_le media_offset;
-    u32_le media_end_offset;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x8);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCASectionTableEntry) == 0x10, "NCASectionTableEntry has incorrect size.");
-
-struct NCAHeader {
-    std::array<u8, 0x100> rsa_signature_1;
-    std::array<u8, 0x100> rsa_signature_2;
-    u32_le magic;
-    u8 is_system;
-    NCAContentType content_type;
-    u8 crypto_type;
-    u8 key_index;
-    u64_le size;
-    u64_le title_id;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x4);
-    u32_le sdk_version;
-    u8 crypto_type_2;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(15);
-    std::array<u8, 0x10> rights_id;
-    std::array<NCASectionTableEntry, 0x4> section_tables;
-    std::array<std::array<u8, 0x20>, 0x4> hash_tables;
-    std::array<u8, 0x40> key_area;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0xC0);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(NCAHeader) == 0x400, "NCAHeader has incorrect size.");
+using RightsId = std::array<u8, 0x10>;
 
 inline bool IsDirectoryExeFS(const VirtualDir& pfs) {
     // According to switchbrew, an exefs must only contain these two files:
@@ -97,8 +63,7 @@ inline bool IsDirectoryLogoPartition(const VirtualDir& pfs) {
 // After construction, use GetStatus to determine if the file is valid and ready to be used.
 class NCA : public ReadOnlyVfsDirectory {
 public:
-    explicit NCA(VirtualFile file, VirtualFile bktr_base_romfs = nullptr,
-                 u64 bktr_base_ivfc_offset = 0);
+    explicit NCA(VirtualFile file, const NCA* base_nca = nullptr);
     ~NCA() override;
 
     Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;
@@ -110,7 +75,7 @@ public:
 
     NCAContentType GetType() const;
     u64 GetTitleId() const;
-    std::array<u8, 0x10> GetRightsId() const;
+    RightsId GetRightsId() const;
     u32 GetSDKVersion() const;
     bool IsUpdate() const;
 
@@ -119,26 +84,9 @@ public:
 
     VirtualFile GetBaseFile() const;
 
-    // Returns the base ivfc offset used in BKTR patching.
-    u64 GetBaseIVFCOffset() const;
-
     VirtualDir GetLogoPartition() const;
 
 private:
-    bool CheckSupportedNCA(const NCAHeader& header);
-    bool HandlePotentialHeaderDecryption();
-
-    std::vector<NCASectionHeader> ReadSectionHeaders() const;
-    bool ReadSections(const std::vector<NCASectionHeader>& sections, u64 bktr_base_ivfc_offset);
-    bool ReadRomFSSection(const NCASectionHeader& section, const NCASectionTableEntry& entry,
-                          u64 bktr_base_ivfc_offset);
-    bool ReadPFS0Section(const NCASectionHeader& section, const NCASectionTableEntry& entry);
-
-    u8 GetCryptoRevision() const;
-    std::optional<Core::Crypto::Key128> GetKeyAreaKey(NCASectionCryptoType type) const;
-    std::optional<Core::Crypto::Key128> GetTitlekey();
-    VirtualFile Decrypt(const NCASectionHeader& header, VirtualFile in, u64 starting_offset);
-
     std::vector<VirtualDir> dirs;
     std::vector<VirtualFile> files;
 
@@ -146,11 +94,6 @@ private:
     VirtualDir exefs = nullptr;
     VirtualDir logo = nullptr;
     VirtualFile file;
-    VirtualFile bktr_base_romfs;
-    u64 ivfc_offset = 0;
-
-    NCAHeader header{};
-    bool has_rights_id{};
 
     Loader::ResultStatus status{};
 
@@ -158,6 +101,7 @@ private:
     bool is_update = false;
 
     Core::Crypto::KeyManager& keys;
+    std::shared_ptr<NcaReader> reader;
 };
 
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/control_metadata.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ NACP::NACP(VirtualFile file) {
 NACP::~NACP() = default;
 
 const LanguageEntry& NACP::GetLanguageEntry() const {
-    Language language = language_to_codes[Settings::values.language_index.GetValue()];
+    Language language =
+        language_to_codes[static_cast<s32>(Settings::values.language_index.GetValue())];
 
     {
         const auto& language_entry = raw.language_entries.at(static_cast<u8>(language));

src/core/file_sys/errors.h

@@ -17,4 +17,74 @@ constexpr Result ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT{ErrorModule::FS, 6001};
 constexpr Result ERROR_INVALID_OFFSET{ErrorModule::FS, 6061};
 constexpr Result ERROR_INVALID_SIZE{ErrorModule::FS, 6062};
 
+constexpr Result ResultUnsupportedSdkVersion{ErrorModule::FS, 50};
+constexpr Result ResultPartitionNotFound{ErrorModule::FS, 1001};
+constexpr Result ResultUnsupportedVersion{ErrorModule::FS, 3002};
+constexpr Result ResultOutOfRange{ErrorModule::FS, 3005};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInFileSystemBuddyHeapA{ErrorModule::FS, 3294};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInNcaFileSystemDriverI{ErrorModule::FS, 3341};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInNcaReaderA{ErrorModule::FS, 3363};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInAesCtrCounterExtendedStorageA{ErrorModule::FS, 3399};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInIntegrityRomFsStorageA{ErrorModule::FS, 3412};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedMakeUnique{ErrorModule::FS, 3422};
+constexpr Result ResultAllocationMemoryFailedAllocateShared{ErrorModule::FS, 3423};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidAesCtrCounterExtendedEntryOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4012};
+constexpr Result ResultIndirectStorageCorrupted{ErrorModule::FS, 4021};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4022};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidIndirectEntryStorageIndex{ErrorModule::FS, 4023};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidIndirectStorageSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4024};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeSignature{ErrorModule::FS, 4032};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryCount{ErrorModule::FS, 4033};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeEntryCount{ErrorModule::FS, 4034};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4035};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4036};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntrySetOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4037};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeIndex{ErrorModule::FS, 4038};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidBucketTreeVirtualOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4039};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidPatchMetaDataHashType{ErrorModule::FS, 4084};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidIntegrityLayerInfoOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4085};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidPatchMetaDataHashDataSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4086};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidPatchMetaDataHashDataOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4087};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidPatchMetaDataHashDataHash{ErrorModule::FS, 4088};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidSparseMetaDataHashType{ErrorModule::FS, 4089};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidSparseMetaDataHashDataSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4090};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidSparseMetaDataHashDataOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4091};
+constexpr Result ResultRomNcaInvalidSparseMetaDataHashDataHash{ErrorModule::FS, 4091};
+constexpr Result ResultNcaBaseStorageOutOfRangeB{ErrorModule::FS, 4509};
+constexpr Result ResultNcaBaseStorageOutOfRangeC{ErrorModule::FS, 4510};
+constexpr Result ResultNcaBaseStorageOutOfRangeD{ErrorModule::FS, 4511};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaSignature{ErrorModule::FS, 4517};
+constexpr Result ResultNcaFsHeaderHashVerificationFailed{ErrorModule::FS, 4520};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaKeyIndex{ErrorModule::FS, 4521};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaFsHeaderHashType{ErrorModule::FS, 4522};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaFsHeaderEncryptionType{ErrorModule::FS, 4523};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaPatchInfoIndirectSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4524};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaPatchInfoAesCtrExSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4525};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaPatchInfoAesCtrExOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 4526};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaHeader{ErrorModule::FS, 4528};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaFsHeader{ErrorModule::FS, 4529};
+constexpr Result ResultNcaBaseStorageOutOfRangeE{ErrorModule::FS, 4530};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidHierarchicalSha256BlockSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4532};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidHierarchicalSha256LayerCount{ErrorModule::FS, 4533};
+constexpr Result ResultHierarchicalSha256BaseStorageTooLarge{ErrorModule::FS, 4534};
+constexpr Result ResultHierarchicalSha256HashVerificationFailed{ErrorModule::FS, 4535};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaHierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLayerCount{ErrorModule::FS, 4541};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaIndirectStorageOutOfRange{ErrorModule::FS, 4542};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaHeader1SignatureKeyGeneration{ErrorModule::FS, 4543};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidCompressedStorageSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4547};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaMetaDataHashDataSize{ErrorModule::FS, 4548};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidNcaMetaDataHashDataHash{ErrorModule::FS, 4549};
+constexpr Result ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA{ErrorModule::FS, 5324};
+constexpr Result ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageB{ErrorModule::FS, 5325};
+constexpr Result ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageC{ErrorModule::FS, 5326};
+constexpr Result ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageD{ErrorModule::FS, 5327};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidArgument{ErrorModule::FS, 6001};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidOffset{ErrorModule::FS, 6061};
+constexpr Result ResultInvalidSize{ErrorModule::FS, 6062};
+constexpr Result ResultNullptrArgument{ErrorModule::FS, 6063};
+constexpr Result ResultUnsupportedSetSizeForIndirectStorage{ErrorModule::FS, 6325};
+constexpr Result ResultUnsupportedWriteForCompressedStorage{ErrorModule::FS, 6387};
+constexpr Result ResultUnsupportedOperateRangeForCompressedStorage{ErrorModule::FS, 6388};
+constexpr Result ResultBufferAllocationFailed{ErrorModule::FS, 6705};
+
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/overflow.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class IStorage : public VfsFile {
+public:
+    virtual std::string GetName() const override {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    virtual VirtualDir GetContainingDirectory() const override {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    virtual bool IsWritable() const override {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool IsReadable() const override {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Resize(size_t size) override {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Rename(std::string_view name) override {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static inline Result CheckAccessRange(s64 offset, s64 size, s64 total_size) {
+        R_UNLESS(offset >= 0, ResultInvalidOffset);
+        R_UNLESS(size >= 0, ResultInvalidSize);
+        R_UNLESS(Common::WrappingAdd(offset, size) >= offset, ResultOutOfRange);
+        R_UNLESS(offset + size <= total_size, ResultOutOfRange);
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+};
+
+class IReadOnlyStorage : public IStorage {
+public:
+    virtual bool IsWritable() const override {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Write(const u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) override {
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+struct Int64 {
+    u32 low;
+    u32 high;
+
+    constexpr void Set(s64 v) {
+        this->low = static_cast<u32>((v & static_cast<u64>(0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL)) >> 0);
+        this->high = static_cast<u32>((v & static_cast<u64>(0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL)) >> 32);
+    }
+
+    constexpr s64 Get() const {
+        return (static_cast<s64>(this->high) << 32) | (static_cast<s64>(this->low));
+    }
+
+    constexpr Int64& operator=(s64 v) {
+        this->Set(v);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr operator s64() const {
+        return this->Get();
+    }
+};
+
+struct HashSalt {
+    static constexpr size_t Size = 32;
+
+    std::array<u8, Size> value;
+};
+static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<HashSalt>);
+static_assert(sizeof(HashSalt) == HashSalt::Size);
+
+constexpr inline size_t IntegrityMinLayerCount = 2;
+constexpr inline size_t IntegrityMaxLayerCount = 7;
+constexpr inline size_t IntegrityLayerCountSave = 5;
+constexpr inline size_t IntegrityLayerCountSaveDataMeta = 4;
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_counter_extended_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_counter_extended_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_header.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+namespace {
+
+class SoftwareDecryptor final : public AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::IDecryptor {
+public:
+    virtual void Decrypt(
+        u8* buf, size_t buf_size, const std::array<u8, AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::KeySize>& key,
+        const std::array<u8, AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::IvSize>& iv) override final;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+Result AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::CreateSoftwareDecryptor(std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor>* out) {
+    std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor> decryptor = std::make_unique<SoftwareDecryptor>();
+    R_UNLESS(decryptor != nullptr, ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInAesCtrCounterExtendedStorageA);
+    *out = std::move(decryptor);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::Initialize(const void* key, size_t key_size, u32 secure_value,
+                                                VirtualFile data_storage,
+                                                VirtualFile table_storage) {
+    // Read and verify the bucket tree header.
+    BucketTree::Header header;
+    table_storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(header), 0);
+    R_TRY(header.Verify());
+
+    // Determine extents.
+    const auto node_storage_size = QueryNodeStorageSize(header.entry_count);
+    const auto entry_storage_size = QueryEntryStorageSize(header.entry_count);
+    const auto node_storage_offset = QueryHeaderStorageSize();
+    const auto entry_storage_offset = node_storage_offset + node_storage_size;
+
+    // Create a software decryptor.
+    std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor> sw_decryptor;
+    R_TRY(CreateSoftwareDecryptor(std::addressof(sw_decryptor)));
+
+    // Initialize.
+    R_RETURN(this->Initialize(
+        key, key_size, secure_value, 0, data_storage,
+        std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(table_storage, node_storage_size, node_storage_offset),
+        std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(table_storage, entry_storage_size, entry_storage_offset),
+        header.entry_count, std::move(sw_decryptor)));
+}
+
+Result AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::Initialize(const void* key, size_t key_size, u32 secure_value,
+                                                s64 counter_offset, VirtualFile data_storage,
+                                                VirtualFile node_storage, VirtualFile entry_storage,
+                                                s32 entry_count,
+                                                std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor>&& decryptor) {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(key != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(key_size == KeySize);
+    ASSERT(counter_offset >= 0);
+    ASSERT(decryptor != nullptr);
+
+    // Initialize the bucket tree table.
+    if (entry_count > 0) {
+        R_TRY(
+            m_table.Initialize(node_storage, entry_storage, NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count));
+    } else {
+        m_table.Initialize(NodeSize, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Set members.
+    m_data_storage = data_storage;
+    std::memcpy(m_key.data(), key, key_size);
+    m_secure_value = secure_value;
+    m_counter_offset = counter_offset;
+    m_decryptor = std::move(decryptor);
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::Finalize() {
+    if (this->IsInitialized()) {
+        m_table.Finalize();
+        m_data_storage = VirtualFile();
+    }
+}
+
+Result AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::GetEntryList(Entry* out_entries, s32* out_entry_count,
+                                                  s32 entry_count, s64 offset, s64 size) {
+    // Validate pre-conditions.
+    ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+    ASSERT(size >= 0);
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+    // Clear the out count.
+    R_UNLESS(out_entry_count != nullptr, ResultNullptrArgument);
+    *out_entry_count = 0;
+
+    // Succeed if there's no range.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+    // If we have an output array, we need it to be non-null.
+    R_UNLESS(out_entries != nullptr || entry_count == 0, ResultNullptrArgument);
+
+    // Check that our range is valid.
+    BucketTree::Offsets table_offsets;
+    R_TRY(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(table_offsets)));
+
+    R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(offset, size), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Find the offset in our tree.
+    BucketTree::Visitor visitor;
+    R_TRY(m_table.Find(std::addressof(visitor), offset));
+    {
+        const auto entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->GetOffset();
+        R_UNLESS(0 <= entry_offset && table_offsets.IsInclude(entry_offset),
+                 ResultInvalidAesCtrCounterExtendedEntryOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Prepare to loop over entries.
+    const auto end_offset = offset + static_cast<s64>(size);
+    s32 count = 0;
+
+    auto cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+    while (cur_entry.GetOffset() < end_offset) {
+        // Try to write the entry to the out list.
+        if (entry_count != 0) {
+            if (count >= entry_count) {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::memcpy(out_entries + count, std::addressof(cur_entry), sizeof(Entry));
+        }
+
+        count++;
+
+        // Advance.
+        if (visitor.CanMoveNext()) {
+            R_TRY(visitor.MoveNext());
+            cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write the output count.
+    *out_entry_count = count;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+size_t AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+    // Allow zero size.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Validate arguments.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(offset, BlockSize));
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(size, BlockSize));
+
+    BucketTree::Offsets table_offsets;
+    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(table_offsets))));
+
+    ASSERT(table_offsets.IsInclude(offset, size));
+
+    // Read the data.
+    m_data_storage->Read(buffer, size, offset);
+
+    // Find the offset in our tree.
+    BucketTree::Visitor visitor;
+    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(m_table.Find(std::addressof(visitor), offset)));
+    {
+        const auto entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->GetOffset();
+        ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(entry_offset, BlockSize));
+        ASSERT(0 <= entry_offset && table_offsets.IsInclude(entry_offset));
+    }
+
+    // Prepare to read in chunks.
+    u8* cur_data = static_cast<u8*>(buffer);
+    auto cur_offset = offset;
+    const auto end_offset = offset + static_cast<s64>(size);
+
+    while (cur_offset < end_offset) {
+        // Get the current entry.
+        const auto cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+
+        // Get and validate the entry's offset.
+        const auto cur_entry_offset = cur_entry.GetOffset();
+        ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(cur_entry_offset) <= cur_offset);
+
+        // Get and validate the next entry offset.
+        s64 next_entry_offset;
+        if (visitor.CanMoveNext()) {
+            ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(visitor.MoveNext()));
+            next_entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->GetOffset();
+            ASSERT(table_offsets.IsInclude(next_entry_offset));
+        } else {
+            next_entry_offset = table_offsets.end_offset;
+        }
+        ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(next_entry_offset, BlockSize));
+        ASSERT(cur_offset < static_cast<size_t>(next_entry_offset));
+
+        // Get the offset of the entry in the data we read.
+        const auto data_offset = cur_offset - cur_entry_offset;
+        const auto data_size = (next_entry_offset - cur_entry_offset) - data_offset;
+        ASSERT(data_size > 0);
+
+        // Determine how much is left.
+        const auto remaining_size = end_offset - cur_offset;
+        const auto cur_size = static_cast<size_t>(std::min(remaining_size, data_size));
+        ASSERT(cur_size <= size);
+
+        // If necessary, perform decryption.
+        if (cur_entry.encryption_value == Entry::Encryption::Encrypted) {
+            // Make the CTR for the data we're decrypting.
+            const auto counter_offset = m_counter_offset + cur_entry_offset + data_offset;
+            NcaAesCtrUpperIv upper_iv = {
+                .part = {.generation = static_cast<u32>(cur_entry.generation),
+                         .secure_value = m_secure_value}};
+
+            std::array<u8, IvSize> iv;
+            AesCtrStorage::MakeIv(iv.data(), IvSize, upper_iv.value, counter_offset);
+
+            // Decrypt.
+            m_decryptor->Decrypt(cur_data, cur_size, m_key, iv);
+        }
+
+        // Advance.
+        cur_data += cur_size;
+        cur_offset += cur_size;
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+void SoftwareDecryptor::Decrypt(u8* buf, size_t buf_size,
+                                const std::array<u8, AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::KeySize>& key,
+                                const std::array<u8, AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::IvSize>& iv) {
+    Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128, AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage::KeySize> cipher(
+        key, Core::Crypto::Mode::CTR);
+    cipher.SetIV(iv);
+    cipher.Transcode(buf, buf_size, buf, Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_counter_extended_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "common/literals.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+using namespace Common::Literals;
+
+class AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t BlockSize = 0x10;
+    static constexpr size_t KeySize = 0x10;
+    static constexpr size_t IvSize = 0x10;
+    static constexpr size_t NodeSize = 16_KiB;
+
+    class IDecryptor {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IDecryptor() {}
+        virtual void Decrypt(u8* buf, size_t buf_size, const std::array<u8, KeySize>& key,
+                             const std::array<u8, IvSize>& iv) = 0;
+    };
+
+    struct Entry {
+        enum class Encryption : u8 {
+            Encrypted = 0,
+            NotEncrypted = 1,
+        };
+
+        std::array<u8, sizeof(s64)> offset;
+        Encryption encryption_value;
+        std::array<u8, 3> reserved;
+        s32 generation;
+
+        void SetOffset(s64 value) {
+            std::memcpy(this->offset.data(), std::addressof(value), sizeof(s64));
+        }
+
+        s64 GetOffset() const {
+            s64 value;
+            std::memcpy(std::addressof(value), this->offset.data(), sizeof(s64));
+            return value;
+        }
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(Entry) == 0x10);
+    static_assert(alignof(Entry) == 4);
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Entry>);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s64 QueryHeaderStorageSize() {
+        return BucketTree::QueryHeaderStorageSize();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryNodeStorageSize(s32 entry_count) {
+        return BucketTree::QueryNodeStorageSize(NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryEntryStorageSize(s32 entry_count) {
+        return BucketTree::QueryEntryStorageSize(NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count);
+    }
+
+    static Result CreateSoftwareDecryptor(std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor>* out);
+
+public:
+    AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage()
+        : m_table(), m_data_storage(), m_secure_value(), m_counter_offset(), m_decryptor() {}
+    virtual ~AesCtrCounterExtendedStorage() {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(const void* key, size_t key_size, u32 secure_value, s64 counter_offset,
+                      VirtualFile data_storage, VirtualFile node_storage, VirtualFile entry_storage,
+                      s32 entry_count, std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor>&& decryptor);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    bool IsInitialized() const {
+        return m_table.IsInitialized();
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override;
+
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        BucketTree::Offsets offsets;
+        ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(offsets))));
+
+        return offsets.end_offset;
+    }
+
+    Result GetEntryList(Entry* out_entries, s32* out_entry_count, s32 entry_count, s64 offset,
+                        s64 size);
+
+private:
+    Result Initialize(const void* key, size_t key_size, u32 secure_value, VirtualFile data_storage,
+                      VirtualFile table_storage);
+
+private:
+    mutable BucketTree m_table;
+    VirtualFile m_data_storage;
+    std::array<u8, KeySize> m_key;
+    u32 m_secure_value;
+    s64 m_counter_offset;
+    std::unique_ptr<IDecryptor> m_decryptor;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/swap.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_utility.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+void AesCtrStorage::MakeIv(void* dst, size_t dst_size, u64 upper, s64 offset) {
+    ASSERT(dst != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(dst_size == IvSize);
+    ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+
+    const uintptr_t out_addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(dst);
+
+    *reinterpret_cast<u64_be*>(out_addr + 0) = upper;
+    *reinterpret_cast<s64_be*>(out_addr + sizeof(u64)) = static_cast<s64>(offset / BlockSize);
+}
+
+AesCtrStorage::AesCtrStorage(VirtualFile base, const void* key, size_t key_size, const void* iv,
+                             size_t iv_size)
+    : m_base_storage(std::move(base)) {
+    ASSERT(m_base_storage != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(key != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(iv != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(key_size == KeySize);
+    ASSERT(iv_size == IvSize);
+
+    std::memcpy(m_key.data(), key, KeySize);
+    std::memcpy(m_iv.data(), iv, IvSize);
+
+    m_cipher.emplace(m_key, Core::Crypto::Mode::CTR);
+}
+
+size_t AesCtrStorage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const {
+    // Allow zero-size reads.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure buffer is valid.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // We can only read at block aligned offsets.
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(offset, BlockSize));
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(size, BlockSize));
+
+    // Read the data.
+    m_base_storage->Read(buffer, size, offset);
+
+    // Setup the counter.
+    std::array<u8, IvSize> ctr;
+    std::memcpy(ctr.data(), m_iv.data(), IvSize);
+    AddCounter(ctr.data(), IvSize, offset / BlockSize);
+
+    // Decrypt.
+    m_cipher->SetIV(ctr);
+    m_cipher->Transcode(buffer, size, buffer, Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+size_t AesCtrStorage::Write(const u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) {
+    // Allow zero-size writes.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure buffer is valid.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // We can only write at block aligned offsets.
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(offset, BlockSize));
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(size, BlockSize));
+
+    // Get a pooled buffer.
+    PooledBuffer pooled_buffer;
+    const bool use_work_buffer = true;
+    if (use_work_buffer) {
+        pooled_buffer.Allocate(size, BlockSize);
+    }
+
+    // Setup the counter.
+    std::array<u8, IvSize> ctr;
+    std::memcpy(ctr.data(), m_iv.data(), IvSize);
+    AddCounter(ctr.data(), IvSize, offset / BlockSize);
+
+    // Loop until all data is written.
+    size_t remaining = size;
+    s64 cur_offset = 0;
+    while (remaining > 0) {
+        // Determine data we're writing and where.
+        const size_t write_size =
+            use_work_buffer ? std::min(pooled_buffer.GetSize(), remaining) : remaining;
+
+        void* write_buf;
+        if (use_work_buffer) {
+            write_buf = pooled_buffer.GetBuffer();
+        } else {
+            write_buf = const_cast<u8*>(buffer);
+        }
+
+        // Encrypt the data.
+        m_cipher->SetIV(ctr);
+        m_cipher->Transcode(buffer, write_size, reinterpret_cast<u8*>(write_buf),
+                            Core::Crypto::Op::Encrypt);
+
+        // Write the encrypted data.
+        m_base_storage->Write(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(write_buf), write_size, offset + cur_offset);
+
+        // Advance.
+        cur_offset += write_size;
+        remaining -= write_size;
+        if (remaining > 0) {
+            AddCounter(ctr.data(), IvSize, write_size / BlockSize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+size_t AesCtrStorage::GetSize() const {
+    return m_base_storage->GetSize();
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_ctr_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
+#include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class AesCtrStorage : public IStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(AesCtrStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(AesCtrStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t BlockSize = 0x10;
+    static constexpr size_t KeySize = 0x10;
+    static constexpr size_t IvSize = 0x10;
+
+public:
+    static void MakeIv(void* dst, size_t dst_size, u64 upper, s64 offset);
+
+public:
+    AesCtrStorage(VirtualFile base, const void* key, size_t key_size, const void* iv,
+                  size_t iv_size);
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override;
+    virtual size_t Write(const u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) override;
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override;
+
+private:
+    VirtualFile m_base_storage;
+    std::array<u8, KeySize> m_key;
+    std::array<u8, IvSize> m_iv;
+    mutable std::optional<Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128>> m_cipher;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_xts_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/swap.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_xts_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_utility.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+void AesXtsStorage::MakeAesXtsIv(void* dst, size_t dst_size, s64 offset, size_t block_size) {
+    ASSERT(dst != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(dst_size == IvSize);
+    ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+
+    const uintptr_t out_addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(dst);
+
+    *reinterpret_cast<s64_be*>(out_addr + sizeof(s64)) = offset / block_size;
+}
+
+AesXtsStorage::AesXtsStorage(VirtualFile base, const void* key1, const void* key2, size_t key_size,
+                             const void* iv, size_t iv_size, size_t block_size)
+    : m_base_storage(std::move(base)), m_block_size(block_size), m_mutex() {
+    ASSERT(m_base_storage != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(key1 != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(key2 != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(iv != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(key_size == KeySize);
+    ASSERT(iv_size == IvSize);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(m_block_size, AesBlockSize));
+
+    std::memcpy(m_key.data() + 0, key1, KeySize);
+    std::memcpy(m_key.data() + 0x10, key2, KeySize);
+    std::memcpy(m_iv.data(), iv, IvSize);
+
+    m_cipher.emplace(m_key, Core::Crypto::Mode::XTS);
+}
+
+size_t AesXtsStorage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const {
+    // Allow zero-size reads.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure buffer is valid.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // We can only read at block aligned offsets.
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(offset, AesBlockSize));
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(size, AesBlockSize));
+
+    // Read the data.
+    m_base_storage->Read(buffer, size, offset);
+
+    // Setup the counter.
+    std::array<u8, IvSize> ctr;
+    std::memcpy(ctr.data(), m_iv.data(), IvSize);
+    AddCounter(ctr.data(), IvSize, offset / m_block_size);
+
+    // Handle any unaligned data before the start.
+    size_t processed_size = 0;
+    if ((offset % m_block_size) != 0) {
+        // Determine the size of the pre-data read.
+        const size_t skip_size =
+            static_cast<size_t>(offset - Common::AlignDown(offset, m_block_size));
+        const size_t data_size = std::min(size, m_block_size - skip_size);
+
+        // Decrypt into a pooled buffer.
+        {
+            PooledBuffer tmp_buf(m_block_size, m_block_size);
+            ASSERT(tmp_buf.GetSize() >= m_block_size);
+
+            std::memset(tmp_buf.GetBuffer(), 0, skip_size);
+            std::memcpy(tmp_buf.GetBuffer() + skip_size, buffer, data_size);
+
+            m_cipher->SetIV(ctr);
+            m_cipher->Transcode(tmp_buf.GetBuffer(), m_block_size, tmp_buf.GetBuffer(),
+                                Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+
+            std::memcpy(buffer, tmp_buf.GetBuffer() + skip_size, data_size);
+        }
+
+        AddCounter(ctr.data(), IvSize, 1);
+        processed_size += data_size;
+        ASSERT(processed_size == std::min(size, m_block_size - skip_size));
+    }
+
+    // Decrypt aligned chunks.
+    char* cur = reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer) + processed_size;
+    size_t remaining = size - processed_size;
+    while (remaining > 0) {
+        const size_t cur_size = std::min(m_block_size, remaining);
+
+        m_cipher->SetIV(ctr);
+        m_cipher->Transcode(cur, cur_size, cur, Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+
+        remaining -= cur_size;
+        cur += cur_size;
+
+        AddCounter(ctr.data(), IvSize, 1);
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+size_t AesXtsStorage::GetSize() const {
+    return m_base_storage->GetSize();
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_aes_xts_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
+#include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class AesXtsStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(AesXtsStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(AesXtsStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t AesBlockSize = 0x10;
+    static constexpr size_t KeySize = 0x20;
+    static constexpr size_t IvSize = 0x10;
+
+public:
+    static void MakeAesXtsIv(void* dst, size_t dst_size, s64 offset, size_t block_size);
+
+public:
+    AesXtsStorage(VirtualFile base, const void* key1, const void* key2, size_t key_size,
+                  const void* iv, size_t iv_size, size_t block_size);
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override;
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override;
+
+private:
+    VirtualFile m_base_storage;
+    std::array<u8, KeySize> m_key;
+    std::array<u8, IvSize> m_iv;
+    const size_t m_block_size;
+    std::mutex m_mutex;
+    mutable std::optional<Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key256>> m_cipher;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage_impl.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+template <size_t DataAlign_, size_t BufferAlign_>
+class AlignmentMatchingStorage : public IStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(AlignmentMatchingStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(AlignmentMatchingStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t DataAlign = DataAlign_;
+    static constexpr size_t BufferAlign = BufferAlign_;
+
+    static constexpr size_t DataAlignMax = 0x200;
+    static_assert(DataAlign <= DataAlignMax);
+    static_assert(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(DataAlign));
+    static_assert(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(BufferAlign));
+
+private:
+    VirtualFile m_base_storage;
+    s64 m_base_storage_size;
+
+public:
+    explicit AlignmentMatchingStorage(VirtualFile bs) : m_base_storage(std::move(bs)) {}
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override {
+        // Allocate a work buffer on stack.
+        alignas(DataAlignMax) std::array<char, DataAlign> work_buf;
+
+        // Succeed if zero size.
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        // Validate arguments.
+        ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+        s64 bs_size = this->GetSize();
+        ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(IStorage::CheckAccessRange(offset, size, bs_size)));
+
+        return AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl::Read(m_base_storage, work_buf.data(), work_buf.size(),
+                                                  DataAlign, BufferAlign, offset, buffer, size);
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Write(const u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) override {
+        // Allocate a work buffer on stack.
+        alignas(DataAlignMax) std::array<char, DataAlign> work_buf;
+
+        // Succeed if zero size.
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        // Validate arguments.
+        ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+        s64 bs_size = this->GetSize();
+        ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(IStorage::CheckAccessRange(offset, size, bs_size)));
+
+        return AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl::Write(m_base_storage, work_buf.data(), work_buf.size(),
+                                                   DataAlign, BufferAlign, offset, buffer, size);
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        return m_base_storage->GetSize();
+    }
+};
+
+template <size_t BufferAlign_>
+class AlignmentMatchingStoragePooledBuffer : public IStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(AlignmentMatchingStoragePooledBuffer);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(AlignmentMatchingStoragePooledBuffer);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t BufferAlign = BufferAlign_;
+
+    static_assert(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(BufferAlign));
+
+private:
+    VirtualFile m_base_storage;
+    s64 m_base_storage_size;
+    size_t m_data_align;
+
+public:
+    explicit AlignmentMatchingStoragePooledBuffer(VirtualFile bs, size_t da)
+        : m_base_storage(std::move(bs)), m_data_align(da) {
+        ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(da));
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override {
+        // Succeed if zero size.
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        // Validate arguments.
+        ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+        s64 bs_size = this->GetSize();
+        ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(IStorage::CheckAccessRange(offset, size, bs_size)));
+
+        // Allocate a pooled buffer.
+        PooledBuffer pooled_buffer;
+        pooled_buffer.AllocateParticularlyLarge(m_data_align, m_data_align);
+
+        return AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl::Read(m_base_storage, pooled_buffer.GetBuffer(),
+                                                  pooled_buffer.GetSize(), m_data_align,
+                                                  BufferAlign, offset, buffer, size);
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Write(const u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) override {
+        // Succeed if zero size.
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        // Validate arguments.
+        ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+        s64 bs_size = this->GetSize();
+        ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(IStorage::CheckAccessRange(offset, size, bs_size)));
+
+        // Allocate a pooled buffer.
+        PooledBuffer pooled_buffer;
+        pooled_buffer.AllocateParticularlyLarge(m_data_align, m_data_align);
+
+        return AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl::Write(m_base_storage, pooled_buffer.GetBuffer(),
+                                                   pooled_buffer.GetSize(), m_data_align,
+                                                   BufferAlign, offset, buffer, size);
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        return m_base_storage->GetSize();
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage_impl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage_impl.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+namespace {
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr size_t GetRoundDownDifference(T x, size_t align) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(x - Common::AlignDown(x, align));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr size_t GetRoundUpDifference(T x, size_t align) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(Common::AlignUp(x, align) - x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+size_t GetRoundUpDifference(T* x, size_t align) {
+    return GetRoundUpDifference(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(x), align);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+size_t AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl::Read(VirtualFile base_storage, char* work_buf,
+                                          size_t work_buf_size, size_t data_alignment,
+                                          size_t buffer_alignment, s64 offset, u8* buffer,
+                                          size_t size) {
+    // Check preconditions.
+    ASSERT(work_buf_size >= data_alignment);
+
+    // Succeed if zero size.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Validate arguments.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // Determine extents.
+    u8* aligned_core_buffer;
+    s64 core_offset;
+    size_t core_size;
+    size_t buffer_gap;
+    size_t offset_gap;
+    s64 covered_offset;
+
+    const size_t offset_round_up_difference = GetRoundUpDifference(offset, data_alignment);
+    if (Common::IsAligned(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer) + offset_round_up_difference,
+                          buffer_alignment)) {
+        aligned_core_buffer = buffer + offset_round_up_difference;
+
+        core_offset = Common::AlignUp(offset, data_alignment);
+        core_size = (size < offset_round_up_difference)
+                        ? 0
+                        : Common::AlignDown(size - offset_round_up_difference, data_alignment);
+        buffer_gap = 0;
+        offset_gap = 0;
+
+        covered_offset = core_size > 0 ? core_offset : offset;
+    } else {
+        const size_t buffer_round_up_difference = GetRoundUpDifference(buffer, buffer_alignment);
+
+        aligned_core_buffer = buffer + buffer_round_up_difference;
+
+        core_offset = Common::AlignDown(offset, data_alignment);
+        core_size = (size < buffer_round_up_difference)
+                        ? 0
+                        : Common::AlignDown(size - buffer_round_up_difference, data_alignment);
+        buffer_gap = buffer_round_up_difference;
+        offset_gap = GetRoundDownDifference(offset, data_alignment);
+
+        covered_offset = offset;
+    }
+
+    // Read the core portion.
+    if (core_size > 0) {
+        base_storage->Read(aligned_core_buffer, core_size, core_offset);
+
+        if (offset_gap != 0 || buffer_gap != 0) {
+            std::memmove(aligned_core_buffer - buffer_gap, aligned_core_buffer + offset_gap,
+                         core_size - offset_gap);
+            core_size -= offset_gap;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Handle the head portion.
+    if (offset < covered_offset) {
+        const s64 head_offset = Common::AlignDown(offset, data_alignment);
+        const size_t head_size = static_cast<size_t>(covered_offset - offset);
+
+        ASSERT(GetRoundDownDifference(offset, data_alignment) + head_size <= work_buf_size);
+
+        base_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(work_buf), data_alignment, head_offset);
+        std::memcpy(buffer, work_buf + GetRoundDownDifference(offset, data_alignment), head_size);
+    }
+
+    // Handle the tail portion.
+    s64 tail_offset = covered_offset + core_size;
+    size_t remaining_tail_size = static_cast<size_t>((offset + size) - tail_offset);
+    while (remaining_tail_size > 0) {
+        const auto aligned_tail_offset = Common::AlignDown(tail_offset, data_alignment);
+        const auto cur_size =
+            std::min(static_cast<size_t>(aligned_tail_offset + data_alignment - tail_offset),
+                     remaining_tail_size);
+        base_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(work_buf), data_alignment, aligned_tail_offset);
+
+        ASSERT((tail_offset - offset) + cur_size <= size);
+        ASSERT((tail_offset - aligned_tail_offset) + cur_size <= data_alignment);
+        std::memcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer) + (tail_offset - offset),
+                    work_buf + (tail_offset - aligned_tail_offset), cur_size);
+
+        remaining_tail_size -= cur_size;
+        tail_offset += cur_size;
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+size_t AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl::Write(VirtualFile base_storage, char* work_buf,
+                                           size_t work_buf_size, size_t data_alignment,
+                                           size_t buffer_alignment, s64 offset, const u8* buffer,
+                                           size_t size) {
+    // Check preconditions.
+    ASSERT(work_buf_size >= data_alignment);
+
+    // Succeed if zero size.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Validate arguments.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // Determine extents.
+    const u8* aligned_core_buffer;
+    s64 core_offset;
+    size_t core_size;
+    s64 covered_offset;
+
+    const size_t offset_round_up_difference = GetRoundUpDifference(offset, data_alignment);
+    if (Common::IsAligned(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer) + offset_round_up_difference,
+                          buffer_alignment)) {
+        aligned_core_buffer = buffer + offset_round_up_difference;
+
+        core_offset = Common::AlignUp(offset, data_alignment);
+        core_size = (size < offset_round_up_difference)
+                        ? 0
+                        : Common::AlignDown(size - offset_round_up_difference, data_alignment);
+
+        covered_offset = core_size > 0 ? core_offset : offset;
+    } else {
+        aligned_core_buffer = nullptr;
+
+        core_offset = Common::AlignDown(offset, data_alignment);
+        core_size = 0;
+
+        covered_offset = offset;
+    }
+
+    // Write the core portion.
+    if (core_size > 0) {
+        base_storage->Write(aligned_core_buffer, core_size, core_offset);
+    }
+
+    // Handle the head portion.
+    if (offset < covered_offset) {
+        const s64 head_offset = Common::AlignDown(offset, data_alignment);
+        const size_t head_size = static_cast<size_t>(covered_offset - offset);
+
+        ASSERT((offset - head_offset) + head_size <= data_alignment);
+
+        base_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(work_buf), data_alignment, head_offset);
+        std::memcpy(work_buf + (offset - head_offset), buffer, head_size);
+        base_storage->Write(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(work_buf), data_alignment, head_offset);
+    }
+
+    // Handle the tail portion.
+    s64 tail_offset = covered_offset + core_size;
+    size_t remaining_tail_size = static_cast<size_t>((offset + size) - tail_offset);
+    while (remaining_tail_size > 0) {
+        ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(tail_offset - offset) < size);
+
+        const auto aligned_tail_offset = Common::AlignDown(tail_offset, data_alignment);
+        const auto cur_size =
+            std::min(static_cast<size_t>(aligned_tail_offset + data_alignment - tail_offset),
+                     remaining_tail_size);
+
+        base_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(work_buf), data_alignment, aligned_tail_offset);
+        std::memcpy(work_buf + GetRoundDownDifference(tail_offset, data_alignment),
+                    buffer + (tail_offset - offset), cur_size);
+        base_storage->Write(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(work_buf), data_alignment, aligned_tail_offset);
+
+        remaining_tail_size -= cur_size;
+        tail_offset += cur_size;
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage_impl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class AlignmentMatchingStorageImpl {
+public:
+    static size_t Read(VirtualFile base_storage, char* work_buf, size_t work_buf_size,
+                       size_t data_alignment, size_t buffer_alignment, s64 offset, u8* buffer,
+                       size_t size);
+    static size_t Write(VirtualFile base_storage, char* work_buf, size_t work_buf_size,
+                        size_t data_alignment, size_t buffer_alignment, s64 offset,
+                        const u8* buffer, size_t size);
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree_utils.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+namespace {
+
+using Node = impl::BucketTreeNode<const s64*>;
+static_assert(sizeof(Node) == sizeof(BucketTree::NodeHeader));
+static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Node>);
+
+constexpr inline s32 NodeHeaderSize = sizeof(BucketTree::NodeHeader);
+
+class StorageNode {
+private:
+    class Offset {
+    public:
+        using difference_type = s64;
+
+    private:
+        s64 m_offset;
+        s32 m_stride;
+
+    public:
+        constexpr Offset(s64 offset, s32 stride) : m_offset(offset), m_stride(stride) {}
+
+        constexpr Offset& operator++() {
+            m_offset += m_stride;
+            return *this;
+        }
+        constexpr Offset operator++(int) {
+            Offset ret(*this);
+            m_offset += m_stride;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        constexpr Offset& operator--() {
+            m_offset -= m_stride;
+            return *this;
+        }
+        constexpr Offset operator--(int) {
+            Offset ret(*this);
+            m_offset -= m_stride;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        constexpr difference_type operator-(const Offset& rhs) const {
+            return (m_offset - rhs.m_offset) / m_stride;
+        }
+
+        constexpr Offset operator+(difference_type ofs) const {
+            return Offset(m_offset + ofs * m_stride, m_stride);
+        }
+        constexpr Offset operator-(difference_type ofs) const {
+            return Offset(m_offset - ofs * m_stride, m_stride);
+        }
+
+        constexpr Offset& operator+=(difference_type ofs) {
+            m_offset += ofs * m_stride;
+            return *this;
+        }
+        constexpr Offset& operator-=(difference_type ofs) {
+            m_offset -= ofs * m_stride;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr bool operator==(const Offset& rhs) const {
+            return m_offset == rhs.m_offset;
+        }
+        constexpr bool operator!=(const Offset& rhs) const {
+            return m_offset != rhs.m_offset;
+        }
+
+        constexpr s64 Get() const {
+            return m_offset;
+        }
+    };
+
+private:
+    const Offset m_start;
+    const s32 m_count;
+    s32 m_index;
+
+public:
+    StorageNode(size_t size, s32 count)
+        : m_start(NodeHeaderSize, static_cast<s32>(size)), m_count(count), m_index(-1) {}
+    StorageNode(s64 ofs, size_t size, s32 count)
+        : m_start(NodeHeaderSize + ofs, static_cast<s32>(size)), m_count(count), m_index(-1) {}
+
+    s32 GetIndex() const {
+        return m_index;
+    }
+
+    void Find(const char* buffer, s64 virtual_address) {
+        s32 end = m_count;
+        auto pos = m_start;
+
+        while (end > 0) {
+            auto half = end / 2;
+            auto mid = pos + half;
+
+            s64 offset = 0;
+            std::memcpy(std::addressof(offset), buffer + mid.Get(), sizeof(s64));
+
+            if (offset <= virtual_address) {
+                pos = mid + 1;
+                end -= half + 1;
+            } else {
+                end = half;
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_index = static_cast<s32>(pos - m_start) - 1;
+    }
+
+    Result Find(VirtualFile storage, s64 virtual_address) {
+        s32 end = m_count;
+        auto pos = m_start;
+
+        while (end > 0) {
+            auto half = end / 2;
+            auto mid = pos + half;
+
+            s64 offset = 0;
+            storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(offset), mid.Get());
+
+            if (offset <= virtual_address) {
+                pos = mid + 1;
+                end -= half + 1;
+            } else {
+                end = half;
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_index = static_cast<s32>(pos - m_start) - 1;
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+void BucketTree::Header::Format(s32 entry_count_) {
+    ASSERT(entry_count_ >= 0);
+
+    this->magic = Magic;
+    this->version = Version;
+    this->entry_count = entry_count_;
+    this->reserved = 0;
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Header::Verify() const {
+    R_UNLESS(this->magic == Magic, ResultInvalidBucketTreeSignature);
+    R_UNLESS(this->entry_count >= 0, ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryCount);
+    R_UNLESS(this->version <= Version, ResultUnsupportedVersion);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::NodeHeader::Verify(s32 node_index, size_t node_size, size_t entry_size) const {
+    R_UNLESS(this->index == node_index, ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeIndex);
+    R_UNLESS(entry_size != 0 && node_size >= entry_size + NodeHeaderSize, ResultInvalidSize);
+
+    const size_t max_entry_count = (node_size - NodeHeaderSize) / entry_size;
+    R_UNLESS(this->count > 0 && static_cast<size_t>(this->count) <= max_entry_count,
+             ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeEntryCount);
+    R_UNLESS(this->offset >= 0, ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeOffset);
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Initialize(VirtualFile node_storage, VirtualFile entry_storage, size_t node_size,
+                              size_t entry_size, s32 entry_count) {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(entry_size >= sizeof(s64));
+    ASSERT(node_size >= entry_size + sizeof(NodeHeader));
+    ASSERT(NodeSizeMin <= node_size && node_size <= NodeSizeMax);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(node_size));
+    ASSERT(!this->IsInitialized());
+
+    // Ensure valid entry count.
+    R_UNLESS(entry_count > 0, ResultInvalidArgument);
+
+    // Allocate node.
+    R_UNLESS(m_node_l1.Allocate(node_size), ResultBufferAllocationFailed);
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        m_node_l1.Free(node_size);
+    };
+
+    // Read node.
+    node_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_node_l1.Get()), node_size);
+
+    // Verify node.
+    R_TRY(m_node_l1->Verify(0, node_size, sizeof(s64)));
+
+    // Validate offsets.
+    const auto offset_count = GetOffsetCount(node_size);
+    const auto entry_set_count = GetEntrySetCount(node_size, entry_size, entry_count);
+    const auto* const node = m_node_l1.Get<Node>();
+
+    s64 start_offset;
+    if (offset_count < entry_set_count && node->GetCount() < offset_count) {
+        start_offset = *node->GetEnd();
+    } else {
+        start_offset = *node->GetBegin();
+    }
+    const auto end_offset = node->GetEndOffset();
+
+    R_UNLESS(0 <= start_offset && start_offset <= node->GetBeginOffset(),
+             ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryOffset);
+    R_UNLESS(start_offset < end_offset, ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryOffset);
+
+    // Set member variables.
+    m_node_storage = node_storage;
+    m_entry_storage = entry_storage;
+    m_node_size = node_size;
+    m_entry_size = entry_size;
+    m_entry_count = entry_count;
+    m_offset_count = offset_count;
+    m_entry_set_count = entry_set_count;
+
+    m_offset_cache.offsets.start_offset = start_offset;
+    m_offset_cache.offsets.end_offset = end_offset;
+    m_offset_cache.is_initialized = true;
+
+    // We succeeded.
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void BucketTree::Initialize(size_t node_size, s64 end_offset) {
+    ASSERT(NodeSizeMin <= node_size && node_size <= NodeSizeMax);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(node_size));
+    ASSERT(end_offset > 0);
+    ASSERT(!this->IsInitialized());
+
+    m_node_size = node_size;
+
+    m_offset_cache.offsets.start_offset = 0;
+    m_offset_cache.offsets.end_offset = end_offset;
+    m_offset_cache.is_initialized = true;
+}
+
+void BucketTree::Finalize() {
+    if (this->IsInitialized()) {
+        m_node_storage = VirtualFile();
+        m_entry_storage = VirtualFile();
+        m_node_l1.Free(m_node_size);
+        m_node_size = 0;
+        m_entry_size = 0;
+        m_entry_count = 0;
+        m_offset_count = 0;
+        m_entry_set_count = 0;
+
+        m_offset_cache.offsets.start_offset = 0;
+        m_offset_cache.offsets.end_offset = 0;
+        m_offset_cache.is_initialized = false;
+    }
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Find(Visitor* visitor, s64 virtual_address) {
+    ASSERT(visitor != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+    R_UNLESS(virtual_address >= 0, ResultInvalidOffset);
+    R_UNLESS(!this->IsEmpty(), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    BucketTree::Offsets offsets;
+    R_TRY(this->GetOffsets(std::addressof(offsets)));
+
+    R_TRY(visitor->Initialize(this, offsets));
+
+    R_RETURN(visitor->Find(virtual_address));
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::InvalidateCache() {
+    // Reset our offsets.
+    m_offset_cache.is_initialized = false;
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::EnsureOffsetCache() {
+    // If we already have an offset cache, we're good.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(m_offset_cache.is_initialized);
+
+    // Acquire exclusive right to edit the offset cache.
+    std::scoped_lock lk(m_offset_cache.mutex);
+
+    // Check again, to be sure.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(m_offset_cache.is_initialized);
+
+    // Read/verify L1.
+    m_node_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_node_l1.Get()), m_node_size);
+    R_TRY(m_node_l1->Verify(0, m_node_size, sizeof(s64)));
+
+    // Get the node.
+    auto* const node = m_node_l1.Get<Node>();
+
+    s64 start_offset;
+    if (m_offset_count < m_entry_set_count && node->GetCount() < m_offset_count) {
+        start_offset = *node->GetEnd();
+    } else {
+        start_offset = *node->GetBegin();
+    }
+    const auto end_offset = node->GetEndOffset();
+
+    R_UNLESS(0 <= start_offset && start_offset <= node->GetBeginOffset(),
+             ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryOffset);
+    R_UNLESS(start_offset < end_offset, ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntryOffset);
+
+    m_offset_cache.offsets.start_offset = start_offset;
+    m_offset_cache.offsets.end_offset = end_offset;
+    m_offset_cache.is_initialized = true;
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::Initialize(const BucketTree* tree, const BucketTree::Offsets& offsets) {
+    ASSERT(tree != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(m_tree == nullptr || m_tree == tree);
+
+    if (m_entry == nullptr) {
+        m_entry = ::operator new(tree->m_entry_size);
+        R_UNLESS(m_entry != nullptr, ResultBufferAllocationFailed);
+
+        m_tree = tree;
+        m_offsets = offsets;
+    }
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::MoveNext() {
+    R_UNLESS(this->IsValid(), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Invalidate our index, and read the header for the next index.
+    auto entry_index = m_entry_index + 1;
+    if (entry_index == m_entry_set.info.count) {
+        const auto entry_set_index = m_entry_set.info.index + 1;
+        R_UNLESS(entry_set_index < m_entry_set_count, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+        m_entry_index = -1;
+
+        const auto end = m_entry_set.info.end;
+
+        const auto entry_set_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+        const auto entry_set_offset = entry_set_index * static_cast<s64>(entry_set_size);
+
+        m_tree->m_entry_storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(m_entry_set), entry_set_offset);
+        R_TRY(m_entry_set.header.Verify(entry_set_index, entry_set_size, m_tree->m_entry_size));
+
+        R_UNLESS(m_entry_set.info.start == end && m_entry_set.info.start < m_entry_set.info.end,
+                 ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntrySetOffset);
+
+        entry_index = 0;
+    } else {
+        m_entry_index = -1;
+    }
+
+    // Read the new entry.
+    const auto entry_size = m_tree->m_entry_size;
+    const auto entry_offset = impl::GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(
+        m_entry_set.info.index, m_tree->m_node_size, entry_size, entry_index);
+    m_tree->m_entry_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_entry), entry_size, entry_offset);
+
+    // Note that we changed index.
+    m_entry_index = entry_index;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::MovePrevious() {
+    R_UNLESS(this->IsValid(), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Invalidate our index, and read the header for the previous index.
+    auto entry_index = m_entry_index;
+    if (entry_index == 0) {
+        R_UNLESS(m_entry_set.info.index > 0, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+        m_entry_index = -1;
+
+        const auto start = m_entry_set.info.start;
+
+        const auto entry_set_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+        const auto entry_set_index = m_entry_set.info.index - 1;
+        const auto entry_set_offset = entry_set_index * static_cast<s64>(entry_set_size);
+
+        m_tree->m_entry_storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(m_entry_set), entry_set_offset);
+        R_TRY(m_entry_set.header.Verify(entry_set_index, entry_set_size, m_tree->m_entry_size));
+
+        R_UNLESS(m_entry_set.info.end == start && m_entry_set.info.start < m_entry_set.info.end,
+                 ResultInvalidBucketTreeEntrySetOffset);
+
+        entry_index = m_entry_set.info.count;
+    } else {
+        m_entry_index = -1;
+    }
+
+    --entry_index;
+
+    // Read the new entry.
+    const auto entry_size = m_tree->m_entry_size;
+    const auto entry_offset = impl::GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(
+        m_entry_set.info.index, m_tree->m_node_size, entry_size, entry_index);
+    m_tree->m_entry_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_entry), entry_size, entry_offset);
+
+    // Note that we changed index.
+    m_entry_index = entry_index;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::Find(s64 virtual_address) {
+    ASSERT(m_tree != nullptr);
+
+    // Get the node.
+    const auto* const node = m_tree->m_node_l1.Get<Node>();
+    R_UNLESS(virtual_address < node->GetEndOffset(), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Get the entry set index.
+    s32 entry_set_index = -1;
+    if (m_tree->IsExistOffsetL2OnL1() && virtual_address < node->GetBeginOffset()) {
+        const auto start = node->GetEnd();
+        const auto end = node->GetBegin() + m_tree->m_offset_count;
+
+        auto pos = std::upper_bound(start, end, virtual_address);
+        R_UNLESS(start < pos, ResultOutOfRange);
+        --pos;
+
+        entry_set_index = static_cast<s32>(pos - start);
+    } else {
+        const auto start = node->GetBegin();
+        const auto end = node->GetEnd();
+
+        auto pos = std::upper_bound(start, end, virtual_address);
+        R_UNLESS(start < pos, ResultOutOfRange);
+        --pos;
+
+        if (m_tree->IsExistL2()) {
+            const auto node_index = static_cast<s32>(pos - start);
+            R_UNLESS(0 <= node_index && node_index < m_tree->m_offset_count,
+                     ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeOffset);
+
+            R_TRY(this->FindEntrySet(std::addressof(entry_set_index), virtual_address, node_index));
+        } else {
+            entry_set_index = static_cast<s32>(pos - start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Validate the entry set index.
+    R_UNLESS(0 <= entry_set_index && entry_set_index < m_tree->m_entry_set_count,
+             ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeOffset);
+
+    // Find the entry.
+    R_TRY(this->FindEntry(virtual_address, entry_set_index));
+
+    // Set count.
+    m_entry_set_count = m_tree->m_entry_set_count;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::FindEntrySet(s32* out_index, s64 virtual_address, s32 node_index) {
+    const auto node_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+
+    PooledBuffer pool(node_size, 1);
+    if (node_size <= pool.GetSize()) {
+        R_RETURN(
+            this->FindEntrySetWithBuffer(out_index, virtual_address, node_index, pool.GetBuffer()));
+    } else {
+        pool.Deallocate();
+        R_RETURN(this->FindEntrySetWithoutBuffer(out_index, virtual_address, node_index));
+    }
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::FindEntrySetWithBuffer(s32* out_index, s64 virtual_address,
+                                                   s32 node_index, char* buffer) {
+    // Calculate node extents.
+    const auto node_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+    const auto node_offset = (node_index + 1) * static_cast<s64>(node_size);
+    VirtualFile storage = m_tree->m_node_storage;
+
+    // Read the node.
+    storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buffer), node_size, node_offset);
+
+    // Validate the header.
+    NodeHeader header;
+    std::memcpy(std::addressof(header), buffer, NodeHeaderSize);
+    R_TRY(header.Verify(node_index, node_size, sizeof(s64)));
+
+    // Create the node, and find.
+    StorageNode node(sizeof(s64), header.count);
+    node.Find(buffer, virtual_address);
+    R_UNLESS(node.GetIndex() >= 0, ResultInvalidBucketTreeVirtualOffset);
+
+    // Return the index.
+    *out_index = static_cast<s32>(m_tree->GetEntrySetIndex(header.index, node.GetIndex()));
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::FindEntrySetWithoutBuffer(s32* out_index, s64 virtual_address,
+                                                      s32 node_index) {
+    // Calculate node extents.
+    const auto node_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+    const auto node_offset = (node_index + 1) * static_cast<s64>(node_size);
+    VirtualFile storage = m_tree->m_node_storage;
+
+    // Read and validate the header.
+    NodeHeader header;
+    storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(header), node_offset);
+    R_TRY(header.Verify(node_index, node_size, sizeof(s64)));
+
+    // Create the node, and find.
+    StorageNode node(node_offset, sizeof(s64), header.count);
+    R_TRY(node.Find(storage, virtual_address));
+    R_UNLESS(node.GetIndex() >= 0, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Return the index.
+    *out_index = static_cast<s32>(m_tree->GetEntrySetIndex(header.index, node.GetIndex()));
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::FindEntry(s64 virtual_address, s32 entry_set_index) {
+    const auto entry_set_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+
+    PooledBuffer pool(entry_set_size, 1);
+    if (entry_set_size <= pool.GetSize()) {
+        R_RETURN(this->FindEntryWithBuffer(virtual_address, entry_set_index, pool.GetBuffer()));
+    } else {
+        pool.Deallocate();
+        R_RETURN(this->FindEntryWithoutBuffer(virtual_address, entry_set_index));
+    }
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::FindEntryWithBuffer(s64 virtual_address, s32 entry_set_index,
+                                                char* buffer) {
+    // Calculate entry set extents.
+    const auto entry_size = m_tree->m_entry_size;
+    const auto entry_set_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+    const auto entry_set_offset = entry_set_index * static_cast<s64>(entry_set_size);
+    VirtualFile storage = m_tree->m_entry_storage;
+
+    // Read the entry set.
+    storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buffer), entry_set_size, entry_set_offset);
+
+    // Validate the entry_set.
+    EntrySetHeader entry_set;
+    std::memcpy(std::addressof(entry_set), buffer, sizeof(EntrySetHeader));
+    R_TRY(entry_set.header.Verify(entry_set_index, entry_set_size, entry_size));
+
+    // Create the node, and find.
+    StorageNode node(entry_size, entry_set.info.count);
+    node.Find(buffer, virtual_address);
+    R_UNLESS(node.GetIndex() >= 0, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Copy the data into entry.
+    const auto entry_index = node.GetIndex();
+    const auto entry_offset = impl::GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(0, entry_size, entry_index);
+    std::memcpy(m_entry, buffer + entry_offset, entry_size);
+
+    // Set our entry set/index.
+    m_entry_set = entry_set;
+    m_entry_index = entry_index;
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::FindEntryWithoutBuffer(s64 virtual_address, s32 entry_set_index) {
+    // Calculate entry set extents.
+    const auto entry_size = m_tree->m_entry_size;
+    const auto entry_set_size = m_tree->m_node_size;
+    const auto entry_set_offset = entry_set_index * static_cast<s64>(entry_set_size);
+    VirtualFile storage = m_tree->m_entry_storage;
+
+    // Read and validate the entry_set.
+    EntrySetHeader entry_set;
+    storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(entry_set), entry_set_offset);
+    R_TRY(entry_set.header.Verify(entry_set_index, entry_set_size, entry_size));
+
+    // Create the node, and find.
+    StorageNode node(entry_set_offset, entry_size, entry_set.info.count);
+    R_TRY(node.Find(storage, virtual_address));
+    R_UNLESS(node.GetIndex() >= 0, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Copy the data into entry.
+    const auto entry_index = node.GetIndex();
+    const auto entry_offset =
+        impl::GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(entry_set_offset, entry_size, entry_index);
+    storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_entry), entry_size, entry_offset);
+
+    // Set our entry set/index.
+    m_entry_set = entry_set;
+    m_entry_index = entry_index;
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/literals.h"
+
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+#include "core/hle/result.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+using namespace Common::Literals;
+
+class BucketTree {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(BucketTree);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(BucketTree);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr u32 Magic = Common::MakeMagic('B', 'K', 'T', 'R');
+    static constexpr u32 Version = 1;
+
+    static constexpr size_t NodeSizeMin = 1_KiB;
+    static constexpr size_t NodeSizeMax = 512_KiB;
+
+public:
+    class Visitor;
+
+    struct Header {
+        u32 magic;
+        u32 version;
+        s32 entry_count;
+        s32 reserved;
+
+        void Format(s32 entry_count);
+        Result Verify() const;
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Header>);
+    static_assert(sizeof(Header) == 0x10);
+
+    struct NodeHeader {
+        s32 index;
+        s32 count;
+        s64 offset;
+
+        Result Verify(s32 node_index, size_t node_size, size_t entry_size) const;
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<NodeHeader>);
+    static_assert(sizeof(NodeHeader) == 0x10);
+
+    struct Offsets {
+        s64 start_offset;
+        s64 end_offset;
+
+        constexpr bool IsInclude(s64 offset) const {
+            return this->start_offset <= offset && offset < this->end_offset;
+        }
+
+        constexpr bool IsInclude(s64 offset, s64 size) const {
+            return size > 0 && this->start_offset <= offset && size <= (this->end_offset - offset);
+        }
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Offsets>);
+    static_assert(sizeof(Offsets) == 0x10);
+
+    struct OffsetCache {
+        Offsets offsets;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        bool is_initialized;
+
+        OffsetCache() : offsets{-1, -1}, mutex(), is_initialized(false) {}
+    };
+
+    class ContinuousReadingInfo {
+    public:
+        constexpr ContinuousReadingInfo() : m_read_size(), m_skip_count(), m_done() {}
+
+        constexpr void Reset() {
+            m_read_size = 0;
+            m_skip_count = 0;
+            m_done = false;
+        }
+
+        constexpr void SetSkipCount(s32 count) {
+            ASSERT(count >= 0);
+            m_skip_count = count;
+        }
+        constexpr s32 GetSkipCount() const {
+            return m_skip_count;
+        }
+        constexpr bool CheckNeedScan() {
+            return (--m_skip_count) <= 0;
+        }
+
+        constexpr void Done() {
+            m_read_size = 0;
+            m_done = true;
+        }
+        constexpr bool IsDone() const {
+            return m_done;
+        }
+
+        constexpr void SetReadSize(size_t size) {
+            m_read_size = size;
+        }
+        constexpr size_t GetReadSize() const {
+            return m_read_size;
+        }
+        constexpr bool CanDo() const {
+            return m_read_size > 0;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        size_t m_read_size;
+        s32 m_skip_count;
+        bool m_done;
+    };
+
+private:
+    class NodeBuffer {
+        YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(NodeBuffer);
+
+    public:
+        NodeBuffer() : m_header() {}
+
+        ~NodeBuffer() {
+            ASSERT(m_header == nullptr);
+        }
+
+        NodeBuffer(NodeBuffer&& rhs) : m_header(rhs.m_header) {
+            rhs.m_header = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        NodeBuffer& operator=(NodeBuffer&& rhs) {
+            if (this != std::addressof(rhs)) {
+                ASSERT(m_header == nullptr);
+
+                m_header = rhs.m_header;
+
+                rhs.m_header = nullptr;
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool Allocate(size_t node_size) {
+            ASSERT(m_header == nullptr);
+
+            m_header = ::operator new(node_size, std::align_val_t{sizeof(s64)});
+
+            // ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(m_header, sizeof(s64)));
+
+            return m_header != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        void Free(size_t node_size) {
+            if (m_header) {
+                ::operator delete(m_header, std::align_val_t{sizeof(s64)});
+                m_header = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void FillZero(size_t node_size) const {
+            if (m_header) {
+                std::memset(m_header, 0, node_size);
+            }
+        }
+
+        NodeHeader* Get() const {
+            return reinterpret_cast<NodeHeader*>(m_header);
+        }
+
+        NodeHeader* operator->() const {
+            return this->Get();
+        }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        T* Get() const {
+            static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<T>);
+            static_assert(sizeof(T) == sizeof(NodeHeader));
+            return reinterpret_cast<T*>(m_header);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void* m_header;
+    };
+
+private:
+    static constexpr s32 GetEntryCount(size_t node_size, size_t entry_size) {
+        return static_cast<s32>((node_size - sizeof(NodeHeader)) / entry_size);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s32 GetOffsetCount(size_t node_size) {
+        return static_cast<s32>((node_size - sizeof(NodeHeader)) / sizeof(s64));
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s32 GetEntrySetCount(size_t node_size, size_t entry_size, s32 entry_count) {
+        const s32 entry_count_per_node = GetEntryCount(node_size, entry_size);
+        return Common::DivideUp(entry_count, entry_count_per_node);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s32 GetNodeL2Count(size_t node_size, size_t entry_size, s32 entry_count) {
+        const s32 offset_count_per_node = GetOffsetCount(node_size);
+        const s32 entry_set_count = GetEntrySetCount(node_size, entry_size, entry_count);
+
+        if (entry_set_count <= offset_count_per_node) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        const s32 node_l2_count = Common::DivideUp(entry_set_count, offset_count_per_node);
+        ASSERT(node_l2_count <= offset_count_per_node);
+
+        return Common::DivideUp(entry_set_count - (offset_count_per_node - (node_l2_count - 1)),
+                                offset_count_per_node);
+    }
+
+public:
+    BucketTree()
+        : m_node_storage(), m_entry_storage(), m_node_l1(), m_node_size(), m_entry_size(),
+          m_entry_count(), m_offset_count(), m_entry_set_count(), m_offset_cache() {}
+    ~BucketTree() {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(VirtualFile node_storage, VirtualFile entry_storage, size_t node_size,
+                      size_t entry_size, s32 entry_count);
+    void Initialize(size_t node_size, s64 end_offset);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    bool IsInitialized() const {
+        return m_node_size > 0;
+    }
+    bool IsEmpty() const {
+        return m_entry_size == 0;
+    }
+
+    Result Find(Visitor* visitor, s64 virtual_address);
+    Result InvalidateCache();
+
+    s32 GetEntryCount() const {
+        return m_entry_count;
+    }
+
+    Result GetOffsets(Offsets* out) {
+        // Ensure we have an offset cache.
+        R_TRY(this->EnsureOffsetCache());
+
+        // Set the output.
+        *out = m_offset_cache.offsets;
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s64 QueryHeaderStorageSize() {
+        return sizeof(Header);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryNodeStorageSize(size_t node_size, size_t entry_size,
+                                              s32 entry_count) {
+        ASSERT(entry_size >= sizeof(s64));
+        ASSERT(node_size >= entry_size + sizeof(NodeHeader));
+        ASSERT(NodeSizeMin <= node_size && node_size <= NodeSizeMax);
+        ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(node_size));
+        ASSERT(entry_count >= 0);
+
+        if (entry_count <= 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return (1 + GetNodeL2Count(node_size, entry_size, entry_count)) *
+               static_cast<s64>(node_size);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryEntryStorageSize(size_t node_size, size_t entry_size,
+                                               s32 entry_count) {
+        ASSERT(entry_size >= sizeof(s64));
+        ASSERT(node_size >= entry_size + sizeof(NodeHeader));
+        ASSERT(NodeSizeMin <= node_size && node_size <= NodeSizeMax);
+        ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(node_size));
+        ASSERT(entry_count >= 0);
+
+        if (entry_count <= 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return GetEntrySetCount(node_size, entry_size, entry_count) * static_cast<s64>(node_size);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename EntryType>
+    struct ContinuousReadingParam {
+        s64 offset;
+        size_t size;
+        NodeHeader entry_set;
+        s32 entry_index;
+        Offsets offsets;
+        EntryType entry;
+    };
+
+private:
+    template <typename EntryType>
+    Result ScanContinuousReading(ContinuousReadingInfo* out_info,
+                                 const ContinuousReadingParam<EntryType>& param) const;
+
+    bool IsExistL2() const {
+        return m_offset_count < m_entry_set_count;
+    }
+    bool IsExistOffsetL2OnL1() const {
+        return this->IsExistL2() && m_node_l1->count < m_offset_count;
+    }
+
+    s64 GetEntrySetIndex(s32 node_index, s32 offset_index) const {
+        return (m_offset_count - m_node_l1->count) + (m_offset_count * node_index) + offset_index;
+    }
+
+    Result EnsureOffsetCache();
+
+private:
+    mutable VirtualFile m_node_storage;
+    mutable VirtualFile m_entry_storage;
+    NodeBuffer m_node_l1;
+    size_t m_node_size;
+    size_t m_entry_size;
+    s32 m_entry_count;
+    s32 m_offset_count;
+    s32 m_entry_set_count;
+    OffsetCache m_offset_cache;
+};
+
+class BucketTree::Visitor {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(Visitor);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(Visitor);
+
+public:
+    constexpr Visitor()
+        : m_tree(), m_entry(), m_entry_index(-1), m_entry_set_count(), m_entry_set{} {}
+    ~Visitor() {
+        if (m_entry != nullptr) {
+            ::operator delete(m_entry, m_tree->m_entry_size);
+            m_tree = nullptr;
+            m_entry = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const {
+        return m_entry_index >= 0;
+    }
+    bool CanMoveNext() const {
+        return this->IsValid() && (m_entry_index + 1 < m_entry_set.info.count ||
+                                   m_entry_set.info.index + 1 < m_entry_set_count);
+    }
+    bool CanMovePrevious() const {
+        return this->IsValid() && (m_entry_index > 0 || m_entry_set.info.index > 0);
+    }
+
+    Result MoveNext();
+    Result MovePrevious();
+
+    template <typename EntryType>
+    Result ScanContinuousReading(ContinuousReadingInfo* out_info, s64 offset, size_t size) const;
+
+    const void* Get() const {
+        ASSERT(this->IsValid());
+        return m_entry;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const T* Get() const {
+        ASSERT(this->IsValid());
+        return reinterpret_cast<const T*>(m_entry);
+    }
+
+    const BucketTree* GetTree() const {
+        return m_tree;
+    }
+
+private:
+    Result Initialize(const BucketTree* tree, const BucketTree::Offsets& offsets);
+
+    Result Find(s64 virtual_address);
+
+    Result FindEntrySet(s32* out_index, s64 virtual_address, s32 node_index);
+    Result FindEntrySetWithBuffer(s32* out_index, s64 virtual_address, s32 node_index,
+                                  char* buffer);
+    Result FindEntrySetWithoutBuffer(s32* out_index, s64 virtual_address, s32 node_index);
+
+    Result FindEntry(s64 virtual_address, s32 entry_set_index);
+    Result FindEntryWithBuffer(s64 virtual_address, s32 entry_set_index, char* buffer);
+    Result FindEntryWithoutBuffer(s64 virtual_address, s32 entry_set_index);
+
+private:
+    friend class BucketTree;
+
+    union EntrySetHeader {
+        NodeHeader header;
+        struct Info {
+            s32 index;
+            s32 count;
+            s64 end;
+            s64 start;
+        } info;
+        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Info>);
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<EntrySetHeader>);
+
+    const BucketTree* m_tree;
+    BucketTree::Offsets m_offsets;
+    void* m_entry;
+    s32 m_entry_index;
+    s32 m_entry_set_count;
+    EntrySetHeader m_entry_set;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree_template_impl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree_utils.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+template <typename EntryType>
+Result BucketTree::ScanContinuousReading(ContinuousReadingInfo* out_info,
+                                         const ContinuousReadingParam<EntryType>& param) const {
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<ContinuousReadingParam<EntryType>>);
+
+    // Validate our preconditions.
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+    ASSERT(out_info != nullptr);
+    ASSERT(m_entry_size == sizeof(EntryType));
+
+    // Reset the output.
+    out_info->Reset();
+
+    // If there's nothing to read, we're done.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(param.size == 0);
+
+    // If we're reading a fragment, we're done.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(param.entry.IsFragment());
+
+    // Validate the first entry.
+    auto entry = param.entry;
+    auto cur_offset = param.offset;
+    R_UNLESS(entry.GetVirtualOffset() <= cur_offset, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Create a pooled buffer for our scan.
+    PooledBuffer pool(m_node_size, 1);
+    char* buffer = nullptr;
+
+    s64 entry_storage_size = m_entry_storage->GetSize();
+
+    // Read the node.
+    if (m_node_size <= pool.GetSize()) {
+        buffer = pool.GetBuffer();
+        const auto ofs = param.entry_set.index * static_cast<s64>(m_node_size);
+        R_UNLESS(m_node_size + ofs <= static_cast<size_t>(entry_storage_size),
+                 ResultInvalidBucketTreeNodeEntryCount);
+
+        m_entry_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buffer), m_node_size, ofs);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate extents.
+    const auto end_offset = cur_offset + static_cast<s64>(param.size);
+    s64 phys_offset = entry.GetPhysicalOffset();
+
+    // Start merge tracking.
+    s64 merge_size = 0;
+    s64 readable_size = 0;
+    bool merged = false;
+
+    // Iterate.
+    auto entry_index = param.entry_index;
+    for (const auto entry_count = param.entry_set.count; entry_index < entry_count; ++entry_index) {
+        // If we're past the end, we're done.
+        if (end_offset <= cur_offset) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Validate the entry offset.
+        const auto entry_offset = entry.GetVirtualOffset();
+        R_UNLESS(entry_offset <= cur_offset, ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+
+        // Get the next entry.
+        EntryType next_entry = {};
+        s64 next_entry_offset;
+
+        if (entry_index + 1 < entry_count) {
+            if (buffer != nullptr) {
+                const auto ofs = impl::GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(0, m_entry_size, entry_index + 1);
+                std::memcpy(std::addressof(next_entry), buffer + ofs, m_entry_size);
+            } else {
+                const auto ofs = impl::GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(param.entry_set.index, m_node_size,
+                                                                m_entry_size, entry_index + 1);
+                m_entry_storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(next_entry), ofs);
+            }
+
+            next_entry_offset = next_entry.GetVirtualOffset();
+            R_UNLESS(param.offsets.IsInclude(next_entry_offset), ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+        } else {
+            next_entry_offset = param.entry_set.offset;
+        }
+
+        // Validate the next entry offset.
+        R_UNLESS(cur_offset < next_entry_offset, ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+
+        // Determine the much data there is.
+        const auto data_size = next_entry_offset - cur_offset;
+        ASSERT(data_size > 0);
+
+        // Determine how much data we should read.
+        const auto remaining_size = end_offset - cur_offset;
+        const size_t read_size = static_cast<size_t>(std::min(data_size, remaining_size));
+        ASSERT(read_size <= param.size);
+
+        // Update our merge tracking.
+        if (entry.IsFragment()) {
+            // If we can't merge, stop looping.
+            if (EntryType::FragmentSizeMax <= read_size || remaining_size <= data_size) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise, add the current size to the merge size.
+            merge_size += read_size;
+        } else {
+            //  If we can't merge, stop looping.
+            if (phys_offset != entry.GetPhysicalOffset()) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Add the size to the readable amount.
+            readable_size += merge_size + read_size;
+            ASSERT(readable_size <= static_cast<s64>(param.size));
+
+            // Update whether we've merged.
+            merged |= merge_size > 0;
+            merge_size = 0;
+        }
+
+        // Advance.
+        cur_offset += read_size;
+        ASSERT(cur_offset <= end_offset);
+
+        phys_offset += next_entry_offset - entry_offset;
+        entry = next_entry;
+    }
+
+    // If we merged, set our readable size.
+    if (merged) {
+        out_info->SetReadSize(static_cast<size_t>(readable_size));
+    }
+    out_info->SetSkipCount(entry_index - param.entry_index);
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+template <typename EntryType>
+Result BucketTree::Visitor::ScanContinuousReading(ContinuousReadingInfo* out_info, s64 offset,
+                                                  size_t size) const {
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<EntryType>);
+    ASSERT(this->IsValid());
+
+    // Create our parameters.
+    ContinuousReadingParam<EntryType> param = {
+        .offset = offset,
+        .size = size,
+        .entry_set = m_entry_set.header,
+        .entry_index = m_entry_index,
+        .offsets{},
+        .entry{},
+    };
+    std::memcpy(std::addressof(param.offsets), std::addressof(m_offsets),
+                sizeof(BucketTree::Offsets));
+    std::memcpy(std::addressof(param.entry), m_entry, sizeof(EntryType));
+
+    // Scan.
+    R_RETURN(m_tree->ScanContinuousReading<EntryType>(out_info, param));
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree_utils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h"
+
+namespace FileSys::impl {
+
+class SafeValue {
+public:
+    static s64 GetInt64(const void* ptr) {
+        s64 value;
+        std::memcpy(std::addressof(value), ptr, sizeof(s64));
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    static s64 GetInt64(const s64* ptr) {
+        return GetInt64(static_cast<const void*>(ptr));
+    }
+
+    static s64 GetInt64(const s64& v) {
+        return GetInt64(std::addressof(v));
+    }
+
+    static void SetInt64(void* dst, const void* src) {
+        std::memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(s64));
+    }
+
+    static void SetInt64(void* dst, const s64* src) {
+        return SetInt64(dst, static_cast<const void*>(src));
+    }
+
+    static void SetInt64(void* dst, const s64& v) {
+        return SetInt64(dst, std::addressof(v));
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename IteratorType>
+struct BucketTreeNode {
+    using Header = BucketTree::NodeHeader;
+
+    Header header;
+
+    s32 GetCount() const {
+        return this->header.count;
+    }
+
+    void* GetArray() {
+        return std::addressof(this->header) + 1;
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    T* GetArray() {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(this->GetArray());
+    }
+    const void* GetArray() const {
+        return std::addressof(this->header) + 1;
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    const T* GetArray() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const T*>(this->GetArray());
+    }
+
+    s64 GetBeginOffset() const {
+        return *this->GetArray<s64>();
+    }
+    s64 GetEndOffset() const {
+        return this->header.offset;
+    }
+
+    IteratorType GetBegin() {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray<s64>());
+    }
+    IteratorType GetEnd() {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray<s64>()) + this->header.count;
+    }
+    IteratorType GetBegin() const {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray<s64>());
+    }
+    IteratorType GetEnd() const {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray<s64>()) + this->header.count;
+    }
+
+    IteratorType GetBegin(size_t entry_size) {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray(), entry_size);
+    }
+    IteratorType GetEnd(size_t entry_size) {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray(), entry_size) + this->header.count;
+    }
+    IteratorType GetBegin(size_t entry_size) const {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray(), entry_size);
+    }
+    IteratorType GetEnd(size_t entry_size) const {
+        return IteratorType(this->GetArray(), entry_size) + this->header.count;
+    }
+};
+
+constexpr inline s64 GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(s64 entry_set_offset, size_t entry_size,
+                                              s32 entry_index) {
+    return entry_set_offset + sizeof(BucketTree::NodeHeader) +
+           entry_index * static_cast<s64>(entry_size);
+}
+
+constexpr inline s64 GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(s32 entry_set_index, size_t node_size,
+                                              size_t entry_size, s32 entry_index) {
+    return GetBucketTreeEntryOffset(entry_set_index * static_cast<s64>(node_size), entry_size,
+                                    entry_index);
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys::impl

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compressed_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/literals.h"
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_common.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_pooled_buffer.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+using namespace Common::Literals;
+
+class CompressedStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(CompressedStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(CompressedStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t NodeSize = 16_KiB;
+
+    struct Entry {
+        s64 virt_offset;
+        s64 phys_offset;
+        CompressionType compression_type;
+        s32 phys_size;
+
+        s64 GetPhysicalSize() const {
+            return this->phys_size;
+        }
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Entry>);
+    static_assert(sizeof(Entry) == 0x18);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s64 QueryNodeStorageSize(s32 entry_count) {
+        return BucketTree::QueryNodeStorageSize(NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryEntryStorageSize(s32 entry_count) {
+        return BucketTree::QueryEntryStorageSize(NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count);
+    }
+
+private:
+    class CompressedStorageCore {
+        YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(CompressedStorageCore);
+        YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(CompressedStorageCore);
+
+    public:
+        CompressedStorageCore() : m_table(), m_data_storage() {}
+
+        ~CompressedStorageCore() {
+            this->Finalize();
+        }
+
+    public:
+        Result Initialize(VirtualFile data_storage, VirtualFile node_storage,
+                          VirtualFile entry_storage, s32 bktr_entry_count, size_t block_size_max,
+                          size_t continuous_reading_size_max,
+                          GetDecompressorFunction get_decompressor) {
+            // Check pre-conditions.
+            ASSERT(0 < block_size_max);
+            ASSERT(block_size_max <= continuous_reading_size_max);
+            ASSERT(get_decompressor != nullptr);
+
+            // Initialize our entry table.
+            R_TRY(m_table.Initialize(node_storage, entry_storage, NodeSize, sizeof(Entry),
+                                     bktr_entry_count));
+
+            // Set our other fields.
+            m_block_size_max = block_size_max;
+            m_continuous_reading_size_max = continuous_reading_size_max;
+            m_data_storage = data_storage;
+            m_get_decompressor_function = get_decompressor;
+
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+        void Finalize() {
+            if (this->IsInitialized()) {
+                m_table.Finalize();
+                m_data_storage = VirtualFile();
+            }
+        }
+
+        VirtualFile GetDataStorage() {
+            return m_data_storage;
+        }
+
+        Result GetDataStorageSize(s64* out) {
+            // Check pre-conditions.
+            ASSERT(out != nullptr);
+
+            // Get size.
+            *out = m_data_storage->GetSize();
+
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+        BucketTree& GetEntryTable() {
+            return m_table;
+        }
+
+        Result GetEntryList(Entry* out_entries, s32* out_read_count, s32 max_entry_count,
+                            s64 offset, s64 size) {
+            // Check pre-conditions.
+            ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+            ASSERT(size >= 0);
+            ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+            // Check that we can output the count.
+            R_UNLESS(out_read_count != nullptr, ResultNullptrArgument);
+
+            // Check that we have anything to read at all.
+            R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+            // Check that either we have a buffer, or this is to determine how many we need.
+            if (max_entry_count != 0) {
+                R_UNLESS(out_entries != nullptr, ResultNullptrArgument);
+            }
+
+            // Get the table offsets.
+            BucketTree::Offsets table_offsets;
+            R_TRY(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(table_offsets)));
+
+            // Validate arguments.
+            R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(offset, size), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+            // Find the offset in our tree.
+            BucketTree::Visitor visitor;
+            R_TRY(m_table.Find(std::addressof(visitor), offset));
+            {
+                const auto entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->virt_offset;
+                R_UNLESS(0 <= entry_offset && table_offsets.IsInclude(entry_offset),
+                         ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA);
+            }
+
+            // Get the entries.
+            const auto end_offset = offset + size;
+            s32 read_count = 0;
+            while (visitor.Get<Entry>()->virt_offset < end_offset) {
+                // If we should be setting the output, do so.
+                if (max_entry_count != 0) {
+                    // Ensure we only read as many entries as we can.
+                    if (read_count >= max_entry_count) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    // Set the current output entry.
+                    out_entries[read_count] = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+                }
+
+                // Increase the read count.
+                ++read_count;
+
+                // If we're at the end, we're done.
+                if (!visitor.CanMoveNext()) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Move to the next entry.
+                R_TRY(visitor.MoveNext());
+            }
+
+            // Set the output read count.
+            *out_read_count = read_count;
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+        Result GetSize(s64* out) {
+            // Check pre-conditions.
+            ASSERT(out != nullptr);
+
+            // Get our table offsets.
+            BucketTree::Offsets offsets;
+            R_TRY(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(offsets)));
+
+            // Set the output.
+            *out = offsets.end_offset;
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+        Result OperatePerEntry(s64 offset, s64 size, auto f) {
+            // Check pre-conditions.
+            ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+            ASSERT(size >= 0);
+            ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+            // Succeed if there's nothing to operate on.
+            R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+            // Get the table offsets.
+            BucketTree::Offsets table_offsets;
+            R_TRY(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(table_offsets)));
+
+            // Validate arguments.
+            R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(offset, size), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+            // Find the offset in our tree.
+            BucketTree::Visitor visitor;
+            R_TRY(m_table.Find(std::addressof(visitor), offset));
+            {
+                const auto entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->virt_offset;
+                R_UNLESS(0 <= entry_offset && table_offsets.IsInclude(entry_offset),
+                         ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA);
+            }
+
+            // Prepare to operate in chunks.
+            auto cur_offset = offset;
+            const auto end_offset = offset + static_cast<s64>(size);
+
+            while (cur_offset < end_offset) {
+                // Get the current entry.
+                const auto cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+
+                // Get and validate the entry's offset.
+                const auto cur_entry_offset = cur_entry.virt_offset;
+                R_UNLESS(cur_entry_offset <= cur_offset, ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA);
+
+                // Get and validate the next entry offset.
+                s64 next_entry_offset;
+                if (visitor.CanMoveNext()) {
+                    R_TRY(visitor.MoveNext());
+                    next_entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->virt_offset;
+                    R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(next_entry_offset),
+                             ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA);
+                } else {
+                    next_entry_offset = table_offsets.end_offset;
+                }
+                R_UNLESS(cur_offset < next_entry_offset, ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA);
+
+                // Get the offset of the entry in the data we read.
+                const auto data_offset = cur_offset - cur_entry_offset;
+                const auto data_size = (next_entry_offset - cur_entry_offset);
+                ASSERT(data_size > 0);
+
+                // Determine how much is left.
+                const auto remaining_size = end_offset - cur_offset;
+                const auto cur_size = std::min<s64>(remaining_size, data_size - data_offset);
+                ASSERT(cur_size <= size);
+
+                // Get the data storage size.
+                s64 storage_size = m_data_storage->GetSize();
+
+                // Check that our read remains naively physically in bounds.
+                R_UNLESS(0 <= cur_entry.phys_offset && cur_entry.phys_offset <= storage_size,
+                         ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageC);
+
+                // If we have any compression, verify that we remain physically in bounds.
+                if (cur_entry.compression_type != CompressionType::None) {
+                    R_UNLESS(cur_entry.phys_offset + cur_entry.GetPhysicalSize() <= storage_size,
+                             ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageC);
+                }
+
+                // Check that block alignment requirements are met.
+                if (CompressionTypeUtility::IsBlockAlignmentRequired(cur_entry.compression_type)) {
+                    R_UNLESS(Common::IsAligned(cur_entry.phys_offset, CompressionBlockAlignment),
+                             ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageA);
+                }
+
+                // Invoke the operator.
+                bool is_continuous = true;
+                R_TRY(
+                    f(std::addressof(is_continuous), cur_entry, data_size, data_offset, cur_size));
+
+                // If not continuous, we're done.
+                if (!is_continuous) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Advance.
+                cur_offset += cur_size;
+            }
+
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+    public:
+        using ReadImplFunction = std::function<Result(void*, size_t)>;
+        using ReadFunction = std::function<Result(size_t, const ReadImplFunction&)>;
+
+    public:
+        Result Read(s64 offset, s64 size, const ReadFunction& read_func) {
+            // Check pre-conditions.
+            ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+            ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+            // Succeed immediately, if we have nothing to read.
+            R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+            // Declare read lambda.
+            constexpr int EntriesCountMax = 0x80;
+            struct Entries {
+                CompressionType compression_type;
+                u32 gap_from_prev;
+                u32 physical_size;
+                u32 virtual_size;
+            };
+            std::array<Entries, EntriesCountMax> entries;
+            s32 entry_count = 0;
+            Entry prev_entry = {
+                .virt_offset = -1,
+                .phys_offset{},
+                .compression_type{},
+                .phys_size{},
+            };
+            bool will_allocate_pooled_buffer = false;
+            s64 required_access_physical_offset = 0;
+            s64 required_access_physical_size = 0;
+
+            auto PerformRequiredRead = [&]() -> Result {
+                // If there are no entries, we have nothing to do.
+                R_SUCCEED_IF(entry_count == 0);
+
+                // Get the remaining size in a convenient form.
+                const size_t total_required_size =
+                    static_cast<size_t>(required_access_physical_size);
+
+                // Perform the read based on whether we need to allocate a buffer.
+                if (will_allocate_pooled_buffer) {
+                    // Allocate a pooled buffer.
+                    PooledBuffer pooled_buffer;
+                    if (pooled_buffer.GetAllocatableSizeMax() >= total_required_size) {
+                        pooled_buffer.Allocate(total_required_size, m_block_size_max);
+                    } else {
+                        pooled_buffer.AllocateParticularlyLarge(
+                            std::min<size_t>(
+                                total_required_size,
+                                PooledBuffer::GetAllocatableParticularlyLargeSizeMax()),
+                            m_block_size_max);
+                    }
+
+                    // Read each of the entries.
+                    for (s32 entry_idx = 0; entry_idx < entry_count; ++entry_idx) {
+                        // Determine the current read size.
+                        bool will_use_pooled_buffer = false;
+                        const size_t cur_read_size = [&]() -> size_t {
+                            if (const size_t target_entry_size =
+                                    static_cast<size_t>(entries[entry_idx].physical_size) +
+                                    static_cast<size_t>(entries[entry_idx].gap_from_prev);
+                                target_entry_size <= pooled_buffer.GetSize()) {
+                                // We'll be using the pooled buffer.
+                                will_use_pooled_buffer = true;
+
+                                // Determine how much we can read.
+                                const size_t max_size = std::min<size_t>(
+                                    required_access_physical_size, pooled_buffer.GetSize());
+
+                                size_t read_size = 0;
+                                for (auto n = entry_idx; n < entry_count; ++n) {
+                                    const size_t cur_entry_size =
+                                        static_cast<size_t>(entries[n].physical_size) +
+                                        static_cast<size_t>(entries[n].gap_from_prev);
+                                    if (read_size + cur_entry_size > max_size) {
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+
+                                    read_size += cur_entry_size;
+                                }
+
+                                return read_size;
+                            } else {
+                                // If we don't fit, we must be uncompressed.
+                                ASSERT(entries[entry_idx].compression_type ==
+                                       CompressionType::None);
+
+                                // We can perform the whole of an uncompressed read directly.
+                                return entries[entry_idx].virtual_size;
+                            }
+                        }();
+
+                        // Perform the read based on whether or not we'll use the pooled buffer.
+                        if (will_use_pooled_buffer) {
+                            // Read the compressed data into the pooled buffer.
+                            auto* const buffer = pooled_buffer.GetBuffer();
+                            m_data_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buffer), cur_read_size,
+                                                 required_access_physical_offset);
+
+                            // Decompress the data.
+                            size_t buffer_offset;
+                            for (buffer_offset = 0;
+                                 entry_idx < entry_count &&
+                                 ((static_cast<size_t>(entries[entry_idx].physical_size) +
+                                   static_cast<size_t>(entries[entry_idx].gap_from_prev)) == 0 ||
+                                  buffer_offset < cur_read_size);
+                                 buffer_offset += entries[entry_idx++].physical_size) {
+                                // Advance by the relevant gap.
+                                buffer_offset += entries[entry_idx].gap_from_prev;
+
+                                const auto compression_type = entries[entry_idx].compression_type;
+                                switch (compression_type) {
+                                case CompressionType::None: {
+                                    // Check that we can remain within bounds.
+                                    ASSERT(buffer_offset + entries[entry_idx].virtual_size <=
+                                           cur_read_size);
+
+                                    // Perform no decompression.
+                                    R_TRY(read_func(
+                                        entries[entry_idx].virtual_size,
+                                        [&](void* dst, size_t dst_size) -> Result {
+                                            // Check that the size is valid.
+                                            ASSERT(dst_size == entries[entry_idx].virtual_size);
+
+                                            // We have no compression, so just copy the data
+                                            // out.
+                                            std::memcpy(dst, buffer + buffer_offset,
+                                                        entries[entry_idx].virtual_size);
+                                            R_SUCCEED();
+                                        }));
+
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                case CompressionType::Zeros: {
+                                    // Check that we can remain within bounds.
+                                    ASSERT(buffer_offset <= cur_read_size);
+
+                                    // Zero the memory.
+                                    R_TRY(read_func(
+                                        entries[entry_idx].virtual_size,
+                                        [&](void* dst, size_t dst_size) -> Result {
+                                            // Check that the size is valid.
+                                            ASSERT(dst_size == entries[entry_idx].virtual_size);
+
+                                            // The data is zeroes, so zero the buffer.
+                                            std::memset(dst, 0, entries[entry_idx].virtual_size);
+                                            R_SUCCEED();
+                                        }));
+
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                default: {
+                                    // Check that we can remain within bounds.
+                                    ASSERT(buffer_offset + entries[entry_idx].physical_size <=
+                                           cur_read_size);
+
+                                    // Get the decompressor.
+                                    const auto decompressor =
+                                        this->GetDecompressor(compression_type);
+                                    R_UNLESS(decompressor != nullptr,
+                                             ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageB);
+
+                                    // Decompress the data.
+                                    R_TRY(read_func(entries[entry_idx].virtual_size,
+                                                    [&](void* dst, size_t dst_size) -> Result {
+                                                        // Check that the size is valid.
+                                                        ASSERT(dst_size ==
+                                                               entries[entry_idx].virtual_size);
+
+                                                        // Perform the decompression.
+                                                        R_RETURN(decompressor(
+                                                            dst, entries[entry_idx].virtual_size,
+                                                            buffer + buffer_offset,
+                                                            entries[entry_idx].physical_size));
+                                                    }));
+
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Check that we processed the correct amount of data.
+                            ASSERT(buffer_offset == cur_read_size);
+                        } else {
+                            // Account for the gap from the previous entry.
+                            required_access_physical_offset += entries[entry_idx].gap_from_prev;
+                            required_access_physical_size -= entries[entry_idx].gap_from_prev;
+
+                            // We don't need the buffer (as the data is uncompressed), so just
+                            // execute the read.
+                            R_TRY(
+                                read_func(cur_read_size, [&](void* dst, size_t dst_size) -> Result {
+                                    // Check that the size is valid.
+                                    ASSERT(dst_size == cur_read_size);
+
+                                    // Perform the read.
+                                    m_data_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(dst), cur_read_size,
+                                                         required_access_physical_offset);
+
+                                    R_SUCCEED();
+                                }));
+                        }
+
+                        // Advance on.
+                        required_access_physical_offset += cur_read_size;
+                        required_access_physical_size -= cur_read_size;
+                    }
+
+                    // Verify that we have nothing remaining to read.
+                    ASSERT(required_access_physical_size == 0);
+
+                    R_SUCCEED();
+                } else {
+                    // We don't need a buffer, so just execute the read.
+                    R_TRY(read_func(total_required_size, [&](void* dst, size_t dst_size) -> Result {
+                        // Check that the size is valid.
+                        ASSERT(dst_size == total_required_size);
+
+                        // Perform the read.
+                        m_data_storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(dst), total_required_size,
+                                             required_access_physical_offset);
+
+                        R_SUCCEED();
+                    }));
+                }
+
+                R_SUCCEED();
+            };
+
+            R_TRY(this->OperatePerEntry(
+                offset, size,
+                [&](bool* out_continuous, const Entry& entry, s64 virtual_data_size,
+                    s64 data_offset, s64 read_size) -> Result {
+                    // Determine the physical extents.
+                    s64 physical_offset, physical_size;
+                    if (CompressionTypeUtility::IsRandomAccessible(entry.compression_type)) {
+                        physical_offset = entry.phys_offset + data_offset;
+                        physical_size = read_size;
+                    } else {
+                        physical_offset = entry.phys_offset;
+                        physical_size = entry.GetPhysicalSize();
+                    }
+
+                    // If we have a pending data storage operation, perform it if we have to.
+                    const s64 required_access_physical_end =
+                        required_access_physical_offset + required_access_physical_size;
+                    if (required_access_physical_size > 0) {
+                        const bool required_by_gap =
+                            !(required_access_physical_end <= physical_offset &&
+                              physical_offset <= Common::AlignUp(required_access_physical_end,
+                                                                 CompressionBlockAlignment));
+                        const bool required_by_continuous_size =
+                            ((physical_size + physical_offset) - required_access_physical_end) +
+                                required_access_physical_size >
+                            static_cast<s64>(m_continuous_reading_size_max);
+                        const bool required_by_entry_count = entry_count == EntriesCountMax;
+                        if (required_by_gap || required_by_continuous_size ||
+                            required_by_entry_count) {
+                            // Check that our planned access is sane.
+                            ASSERT(!will_allocate_pooled_buffer ||
+                                   required_access_physical_size <=
+                                       static_cast<s64>(m_continuous_reading_size_max));
+
+                            // Perform the required read.
+                            const Result rc = PerformRequiredRead();
+                            if (R_FAILED(rc)) {
+                                R_THROW(rc);
+                            }
+
+                            // Reset our requirements.
+                            prev_entry.virt_offset = -1;
+                            required_access_physical_size = 0;
+                            entry_count = 0;
+                            will_allocate_pooled_buffer = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Sanity check that we're within bounds on entries.
+                    ASSERT(entry_count < EntriesCountMax);
+
+                    // Determine if a buffer allocation is needed.
+                    if (entry.compression_type != CompressionType::None ||
+                        (prev_entry.virt_offset >= 0 &&
+                         entry.virt_offset - prev_entry.virt_offset !=
+                             entry.phys_offset - prev_entry.phys_offset)) {
+                        will_allocate_pooled_buffer = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // If we need to access the data storage, update our required access parameters.
+                    if (CompressionTypeUtility::IsDataStorageAccessRequired(
+                            entry.compression_type)) {
+                        // If the data is compressed, ensure the access is sane.
+                        if (entry.compression_type != CompressionType::None) {
+                            R_UNLESS(data_offset == 0, ResultInvalidOffset);
+                            R_UNLESS(virtual_data_size == read_size, ResultInvalidSize);
+                            R_UNLESS(entry.GetPhysicalSize() <= static_cast<s64>(m_block_size_max),
+                                     ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageD);
+                        }
+
+                        // Update the required access parameters.
+                        s64 gap_from_prev;
+                        if (required_access_physical_size > 0) {
+                            gap_from_prev = physical_offset - required_access_physical_end;
+                        } else {
+                            gap_from_prev = 0;
+                            required_access_physical_offset = physical_offset;
+                        }
+                        required_access_physical_size += physical_size + gap_from_prev;
+
+                        // Create an entry to access the data storage.
+                        entries[entry_count++] = {
+                            .compression_type = entry.compression_type,
+                            .gap_from_prev = static_cast<u32>(gap_from_prev),
+                            .physical_size = static_cast<u32>(physical_size),
+                            .virtual_size = static_cast<u32>(read_size),
+                        };
+                    } else {
+                        // Verify that we're allowed to be operating on the non-data-storage-access
+                        // type.
+                        R_UNLESS(entry.compression_type == CompressionType::Zeros,
+                                 ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageB);
+
+                        // If we have entries, create a fake entry for the zero region.
+                        if (entry_count != 0) {
+                            // We need to have a physical size.
+                            R_UNLESS(entry.GetPhysicalSize() != 0,
+                                     ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageD);
+
+                            // Create a fake entry.
+                            entries[entry_count++] = {
+                                .compression_type = CompressionType::Zeros,
+                                .gap_from_prev = 0,
+                                .physical_size = 0,
+                                .virtual_size = static_cast<u32>(read_size),
+                            };
+                        } else {
+                            // We have no entries, so we can just perform the read.
+                            const Result rc =
+                                read_func(static_cast<size_t>(read_size),
+                                          [&](void* dst, size_t dst_size) -> Result {
+                                              // Check the space we should zero is correct.
+                                              ASSERT(dst_size == static_cast<size_t>(read_size));
+
+                                              // Zero the memory.
+                                              std::memset(dst, 0, read_size);
+                                              R_SUCCEED();
+                                          });
+                            if (R_FAILED(rc)) {
+                                R_THROW(rc);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Set the previous entry.
+                    prev_entry = entry;
+
+                    // We're continuous.
+                    *out_continuous = true;
+                    R_SUCCEED();
+                }));
+
+            // If we still have a pending access, perform it.
+            if (required_access_physical_size != 0) {
+                R_TRY(PerformRequiredRead());
+            }
+
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        DecompressorFunction GetDecompressor(CompressionType type) const {
+            // Check that we can get a decompressor for the type.
+            if (CompressionTypeUtility::IsUnknownType(type)) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            // Get the decompressor.
+            return m_get_decompressor_function(type);
+        }
+
+        bool IsInitialized() const {
+            return m_table.IsInitialized();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        size_t m_block_size_max;
+        size_t m_continuous_reading_size_max;
+        BucketTree m_table;
+        VirtualFile m_data_storage;
+        GetDecompressorFunction m_get_decompressor_function;
+    };
+
+    class CacheManager {
+        YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(CacheManager);
+        YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(CacheManager);
+
+    private:
+        struct AccessRange {
+            s64 virtual_offset;
+            s64 virtual_size;
+            u32 physical_size;
+            bool is_block_alignment_required;
+
+            s64 GetEndVirtualOffset() const {
+                return this->virtual_offset + this->virtual_size;
+            }
+        };
+        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<AccessRange>);
+
+    public:
+        CacheManager() = default;
+
+    public:
+        Result Initialize(s64 storage_size, size_t cache_size_0, size_t cache_size_1,
+                          size_t max_cache_entries) {
+            // Set our fields.
+            m_storage_size = storage_size;
+
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+        Result Read(CompressedStorageCore& core, s64 offset, void* buffer, size_t size) {
+            // If we have nothing to read, succeed.
+            R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+            // Check that we have a buffer to read into.
+            R_UNLESS(buffer != nullptr, ResultNullptrArgument);
+
+            // Check that the read is in bounds.
+            R_UNLESS(offset <= m_storage_size, ResultInvalidOffset);
+
+            // Determine how much we can read.
+            const size_t read_size = std::min<size_t>(size, m_storage_size - offset);
+
+            // Create head/tail ranges.
+            AccessRange head_range = {};
+            AccessRange tail_range = {};
+            bool is_tail_set = false;
+
+            // Operate to determine the head range.
+            R_TRY(core.OperatePerEntry(
+                offset, 1,
+                [&](bool* out_continuous, const Entry& entry, s64 virtual_data_size,
+                    s64 data_offset, s64 data_read_size) -> Result {
+                    // Set the head range.
+                    head_range = {
+                        .virtual_offset = entry.virt_offset,
+                        .virtual_size = virtual_data_size,
+                        .physical_size = static_cast<u32>(entry.phys_size),
+                        .is_block_alignment_required =
+                            CompressionTypeUtility::IsBlockAlignmentRequired(
+                                entry.compression_type),
+                    };
+
+                    // If required, set the tail range.
+                    if (static_cast<s64>(offset + read_size) <=
+                        entry.virt_offset + virtual_data_size) {
+                        tail_range = {
+                            .virtual_offset = entry.virt_offset,
+                            .virtual_size = virtual_data_size,
+                            .physical_size = static_cast<u32>(entry.phys_size),
+                            .is_block_alignment_required =
+                                CompressionTypeUtility::IsBlockAlignmentRequired(
+                                    entry.compression_type),
+                        };
+                        is_tail_set = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // We only want to determine the head range, so we're not continuous.
+                    *out_continuous = false;
+                    R_SUCCEED();
+                }));
+
+            // If necessary, determine the tail range.
+            if (!is_tail_set) {
+                R_TRY(core.OperatePerEntry(
+                    offset + read_size - 1, 1,
+                    [&](bool* out_continuous, const Entry& entry, s64 virtual_data_size,
+                        s64 data_offset, s64 data_read_size) -> Result {
+                        // Set the tail range.
+                        tail_range = {
+                            .virtual_offset = entry.virt_offset,
+                            .virtual_size = virtual_data_size,
+                            .physical_size = static_cast<u32>(entry.phys_size),
+                            .is_block_alignment_required =
+                                CompressionTypeUtility::IsBlockAlignmentRequired(
+                                    entry.compression_type),
+                        };
+
+                        // We only want to determine the tail range, so we're not continuous.
+                        *out_continuous = false;
+                        R_SUCCEED();
+                    }));
+            }
+
+            // Begin performing the accesses.
+            s64 cur_offset = offset;
+            size_t cur_size = read_size;
+            char* cur_dst = static_cast<char*>(buffer);
+
+            // Determine our alignment.
+            const bool head_unaligned = head_range.is_block_alignment_required &&
+                                        (cur_offset != head_range.virtual_offset ||
+                                         static_cast<s64>(cur_size) < head_range.virtual_size);
+            const bool tail_unaligned = [&]() -> bool {
+                if (tail_range.is_block_alignment_required) {
+                    if (static_cast<s64>(cur_size + cur_offset) ==
+                        tail_range.GetEndVirtualOffset()) {
+                        return false;
+                    } else if (!head_unaligned) {
+                        return true;
+                    } else {
+                        return head_range.GetEndVirtualOffset() <
+                               static_cast<s64>(cur_size + cur_offset);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }();
+
+            // Determine start/end offsets.
+            const s64 start_offset =
+                head_range.is_block_alignment_required ? head_range.virtual_offset : cur_offset;
+            const s64 end_offset = tail_range.is_block_alignment_required
+                                       ? tail_range.GetEndVirtualOffset()
+                                       : cur_offset + cur_size;
+
+            // Perform the read.
+            bool is_burst_reading = false;
+            R_TRY(core.Read(
+                start_offset, end_offset - start_offset,
+                [&](size_t size_buffer_required,
+                    const CompressedStorageCore::ReadImplFunction& read_impl) -> Result {
+                    // Determine whether we're burst reading.
+                    const AccessRange* unaligned_range = nullptr;
+                    if (!is_burst_reading) {
+                        // Check whether we're using head, tail, or none as unaligned.
+                        if (head_unaligned && head_range.virtual_offset <= cur_offset &&
+                            cur_offset < head_range.GetEndVirtualOffset()) {
+                            unaligned_range = std::addressof(head_range);
+                        } else if (tail_unaligned && tail_range.virtual_offset <= cur_offset &&
+                                   cur_offset < tail_range.GetEndVirtualOffset()) {
+                            unaligned_range = std::addressof(tail_range);
+                        } else {
+                            is_burst_reading = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ASSERT((is_burst_reading ^ (unaligned_range != nullptr)));
+
+                    // Perform reading by burst, or not.
+                    if (is_burst_reading) {
+                        // Check that the access is valid for burst reading.
+                        ASSERT(size_buffer_required <= cur_size);
+
+                        // Perform the read.
+                        Result rc = read_impl(cur_dst, size_buffer_required);
+                        if (R_FAILED(rc)) {
+                            R_THROW(rc);
+                        }
+
+                        // Advance.
+                        cur_dst += size_buffer_required;
+                        cur_offset += size_buffer_required;
+                        cur_size -= size_buffer_required;
+
+                        // Determine whether we're going to continue burst reading.
+                        const s64 offset_aligned =
+                            tail_unaligned ? tail_range.virtual_offset : end_offset;
+                        ASSERT(cur_offset <= offset_aligned);
+
+                        if (offset_aligned <= cur_offset) {
+                            is_burst_reading = false;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // We're not burst reading, so we have some unaligned range.
+                        ASSERT(unaligned_range != nullptr);
+
+                        // Check that the size is correct.
+                        ASSERT(size_buffer_required ==
+                               static_cast<size_t>(unaligned_range->virtual_size));
+
+                        // Get a pooled buffer for our read.
+                        PooledBuffer pooled_buffer;
+                        pooled_buffer.Allocate(size_buffer_required, size_buffer_required);
+
+                        // Perform read.
+                        Result rc = read_impl(pooled_buffer.GetBuffer(), size_buffer_required);
+                        if (R_FAILED(rc)) {
+                            R_THROW(rc);
+                        }
+
+                        // Copy the data we read to the destination.
+                        const size_t skip_size = cur_offset - unaligned_range->virtual_offset;
+                        const size_t copy_size = std::min<size_t>(
+                            cur_size, unaligned_range->GetEndVirtualOffset() - cur_offset);
+
+                        std::memcpy(cur_dst, pooled_buffer.GetBuffer() + skip_size, copy_size);
+
+                        // Advance.
+                        cur_dst += copy_size;
+                        cur_offset += copy_size;
+                        cur_size -= copy_size;
+                    }
+
+                    R_SUCCEED();
+                }));
+
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        s64 m_storage_size = 0;
+    };
+
+public:
+    CompressedStorage() = default;
+    virtual ~CompressedStorage() {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(VirtualFile data_storage, VirtualFile node_storage, VirtualFile entry_storage,
+                      s32 bktr_entry_count, size_t block_size_max,
+                      size_t continuous_reading_size_max, GetDecompressorFunction get_decompressor,
+                      size_t cache_size_0, size_t cache_size_1, s32 max_cache_entries) {
+        // Initialize our core.
+        R_TRY(m_core.Initialize(data_storage, node_storage, entry_storage, bktr_entry_count,
+                                block_size_max, continuous_reading_size_max, get_decompressor));
+
+        // Get our core size.
+        s64 core_size = 0;
+        R_TRY(m_core.GetSize(std::addressof(core_size)));
+
+        // Initialize our cache manager.
+        R_TRY(m_cache_manager.Initialize(core_size, cache_size_0, cache_size_1, max_cache_entries));
+
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    void Finalize() {
+        m_core.Finalize();
+    }
+
+    VirtualFile GetDataStorage() {
+        return m_core.GetDataStorage();
+    }
+
+    Result GetDataStorageSize(s64* out) {
+        R_RETURN(m_core.GetDataStorageSize(out));
+    }
+
+    Result GetEntryList(Entry* out_entries, s32* out_read_count, s32 max_entry_count, s64 offset,
+                        s64 size) {
+        R_RETURN(m_core.GetEntryList(out_entries, out_read_count, max_entry_count, offset, size));
+    }
+
+    BucketTree& GetEntryTable() {
+        return m_core.GetEntryTable();
+    }
+
+public:
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        s64 ret{};
+        m_core.GetSize(&ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override {
+        if (R_SUCCEEDED(m_cache_manager.Read(m_core, offset, buffer, size))) {
+            return size;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    mutable CompressedStorageCore m_core;
+    mutable CacheManager m_cache_manager;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/hle/result.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+enum class CompressionType : u8 {
+    None = 0,
+    Zeros = 1,
+    Two = 2,
+    Lz4 = 3,
+    Unknown = 4,
+};
+
+using DecompressorFunction = Result (*)(void*, size_t, const void*, size_t);
+using GetDecompressorFunction = DecompressorFunction (*)(CompressionType);
+
+constexpr s64 CompressionBlockAlignment = 0x10;
+
+namespace CompressionTypeUtility {
+
+constexpr bool IsBlockAlignmentRequired(CompressionType type) {
+    return type != CompressionType::None && type != CompressionType::Zeros;
+}
+
+constexpr bool IsDataStorageAccessRequired(CompressionType type) {
+    return type != CompressionType::Zeros;
+}
+
+constexpr bool IsRandomAccessible(CompressionType type) {
+    return type == CompressionType::None;
+}
+
+constexpr bool IsUnknownType(CompressionType type) {
+    return type >= CompressionType::Unknown;
+}
+
+} // namespace CompressionTypeUtility
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_configuration.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/lz4_compression.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_configuration.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+namespace {
+
+Result DecompressLz4(void* dst, size_t dst_size, const void* src, size_t src_size) {
+    auto result = Common::Compression::DecompressDataLZ4(dst, dst_size, src, src_size);
+    R_UNLESS(static_cast<size_t>(result) == dst_size, ResultUnexpectedInCompressedStorageC);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+constexpr DecompressorFunction GetNcaDecompressorFunction(CompressionType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case CompressionType::Lz4:
+        return DecompressLz4;
+    default:
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+const NcaCompressionConfiguration& GetNcaCompressionConfiguration() {
+    static const NcaCompressionConfiguration configuration = {
+        .get_decompressor = GetNcaDecompressorFunction,
+    };
+
+    return configuration;
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_compression_configuration.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_file_system_driver.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+const NcaCompressionConfiguration& GetNcaCompressionConfiguration();
+
+}

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_crypto_configuration.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
+#include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_crypto_configuration.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+namespace {
+
+void GenerateKey(void* dst_key, size_t dst_key_size, const void* src_key, size_t src_key_size,
+                 s32 key_type) {
+    if (key_type == static_cast<s32>(KeyType::ZeroKey)) {
+        std::memset(dst_key, 0, dst_key_size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (key_type == static_cast<s32>(KeyType::InvalidKey) ||
+        key_type < static_cast<s32>(KeyType::ZeroKey) ||
+        key_type >= static_cast<s32>(KeyType::NcaExternalKey)) {
+        std::memset(dst_key, 0xFF, dst_key_size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& instance = Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance();
+
+    if (key_type == static_cast<s32>(KeyType::NcaHeaderKey1) ||
+        key_type == static_cast<s32>(KeyType::NcaHeaderKey2)) {
+        const s32 key_index = static_cast<s32>(KeyType::NcaHeaderKey2) == key_type;
+        const auto key = instance.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S256KeyType::Header);
+        std::memcpy(dst_key, key.data() + key_index * 0x10, std::min(dst_key_size, key.size() / 2));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const s32 key_generation =
+        std::max(key_type / NcaCryptoConfiguration::KeyAreaEncryptionKeyIndexCount, 1) - 1;
+    const s32 key_index = key_type % NcaCryptoConfiguration::KeyAreaEncryptionKeyIndexCount;
+
+    Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128> cipher(
+        instance.GetKey(Core::Crypto::S128KeyType::KeyArea, key_generation, key_index),
+        Core::Crypto::Mode::ECB);
+    cipher.Transcode(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(src_key), src_key_size,
+                     reinterpret_cast<u8*>(dst_key), Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+const NcaCryptoConfiguration& GetCryptoConfiguration() {
+    static const NcaCryptoConfiguration configuration = {
+        .header_1_sign_key_moduli{},
+        .header_1_sign_key_public_exponent{},
+        .key_area_encryption_key_source{},
+        .header_encryption_key_source{},
+        .header_encrypted_encryption_keys{},
+        .generate_key = GenerateKey,
+        .verify_sign1{},
+        .is_plaintext_header_available{},
+        .is_available_sw_key{},
+    };
+
+    return configuration;
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_crypto_configuration.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_file_system_driver.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+const NcaCryptoConfiguration& GetCryptoConfiguration();
+
+}

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage()
+    : m_data_size(-1) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MaxLayers - 1; i++) {
+        m_verify_storages[i] = std::make_shared<IntegrityVerificationStorage>();
+    }
+}
+
+Result HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::Initialize(
+    const HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation& info,
+    HierarchicalStorageInformation storage, int max_data_cache_entries, int max_hash_cache_entries,
+    s8 buffer_level) {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(IntegrityMinLayerCount <= info.max_layers && info.max_layers <= IntegrityMaxLayerCount);
+
+    // Set member variables.
+    m_max_layers = info.max_layers;
+
+    // Initialize the top level verification storage.
+    m_verify_storages[0]->Initialize(storage[HierarchicalStorageInformation::MasterStorage],
+                                     storage[HierarchicalStorageInformation::Layer1Storage],
+                                     static_cast<s64>(1) << info.info[0].block_order, HashSize,
+                                     false);
+
+    // Ensure we don't leak state if further initialization goes wrong.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
+        m_verify_storages[0]->Finalize();
+        m_data_size = -1;
+    };
+
+    // Initialize the top level buffer storage.
+    m_buffer_storages[0] = m_verify_storages[0];
+    R_UNLESS(m_buffer_storages[0] != nullptr, ResultAllocationMemoryFailedAllocateShared);
+
+    // Prepare to initialize the level storages.
+    s32 level = 0;
+
+    // Ensure we don't leak state if further initialization goes wrong.
+    ON_RESULT_FAILURE_2 {
+        m_verify_storages[level + 1]->Finalize();
+        for (; level > 0; --level) {
+            m_buffer_storages[level].reset();
+            m_verify_storages[level]->Finalize();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Initialize the level storages.
+    for (; level < m_max_layers - 3; ++level) {
+        // Initialize the verification storage.
+        auto buffer_storage =
+            std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(m_buffer_storages[level], info.info[level].size, 0);
+        m_verify_storages[level + 1]->Initialize(
+            std::move(buffer_storage), storage[level + 2],
+            static_cast<s64>(1) << info.info[level + 1].block_order,
+            static_cast<s64>(1) << info.info[level].block_order, false);
+
+        // Initialize the buffer storage.
+        m_buffer_storages[level + 1] = m_verify_storages[level + 1];
+        R_UNLESS(m_buffer_storages[level + 1] != nullptr,
+                 ResultAllocationMemoryFailedAllocateShared);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize the final level storage.
+    {
+        // Initialize the verification storage.
+        auto buffer_storage =
+            std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(m_buffer_storages[level], info.info[level].size, 0);
+        m_verify_storages[level + 1]->Initialize(
+            std::move(buffer_storage), storage[level + 2],
+            static_cast<s64>(1) << info.info[level + 1].block_order,
+            static_cast<s64>(1) << info.info[level].block_order, true);
+
+        // Initialize the buffer storage.
+        m_buffer_storages[level + 1] = m_verify_storages[level + 1];
+        R_UNLESS(m_buffer_storages[level + 1] != nullptr,
+                 ResultAllocationMemoryFailedAllocateShared);
+    }
+
+    // Set the data size.
+    m_data_size = info.info[level + 1].size;
+
+    // We succeeded.
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::Finalize() {
+    if (m_data_size >= 0) {
+        m_data_size = 0;
+
+        for (s32 level = m_max_layers - 2; level >= 0; --level) {
+            m_buffer_storages[level].reset();
+            m_verify_storages[level]->Finalize();
+        }
+
+        m_data_size = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+size_t HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size,
+                                                      size_t offset) const {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(m_data_size >= 0);
+
+    // Succeed if zero-size.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Validate arguments.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // Read the data.
+    return m_buffer_storages[m_max_layers - 2]->Read(buffer, size, offset);
+}
+
+size_t HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::GetSize() const {
+    return m_data_size;
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_types.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_alignment_matching_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_verification_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation {
+    Int64 offset;
+    Int64 size;
+    s32 block_order;
+    std::array<u8, 4> reserved;
+};
+static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation>);
+static_assert(sizeof(HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation) == 0x18);
+static_assert(alignof(HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation) == 0x4);
+
+struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation {
+    u32 max_layers;
+    std::array<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation, IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 1> info;
+    HashSalt seed;
+
+    s64 GetLayeredHashSize() const {
+        return this->info[this->max_layers - 2].offset;
+    }
+
+    s64 GetDataOffset() const {
+        return this->info[this->max_layers - 2].offset;
+    }
+
+    s64 GetDataSize() const {
+        return this->info[this->max_layers - 2].size;
+    }
+};
+static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation>);
+
+struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation {
+    u32 magic;
+    u32 version;
+    u32 master_hash_size;
+    HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation level_hash_info;
+};
+static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation>);
+
+struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationSizeSet {
+    s64 control_size;
+    s64 master_hash_size;
+    std::array<s64, IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 2> layered_hash_sizes;
+};
+static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationSizeSet>);
+
+class HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage);
+
+public:
+    using GenerateRandomFunction = void (*)(void* dst, size_t size);
+
+    class HierarchicalStorageInformation {
+    public:
+        enum {
+            MasterStorage = 0,
+            Layer1Storage = 1,
+            Layer2Storage = 2,
+            Layer3Storage = 3,
+            Layer4Storage = 4,
+            Layer5Storage = 5,
+            DataStorage = 6,
+        };
+
+    private:
+        std::array<VirtualFile, DataStorage + 1> m_storages;
+
+    public:
+        void SetMasterHashStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[MasterStorage] = s;
+        }
+        void SetLayer1HashStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[Layer1Storage] = s;
+        }
+        void SetLayer2HashStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[Layer2Storage] = s;
+        }
+        void SetLayer3HashStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[Layer3Storage] = s;
+        }
+        void SetLayer4HashStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[Layer4Storage] = s;
+        }
+        void SetLayer5HashStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[Layer5Storage] = s;
+        }
+        void SetDataStorage(VirtualFile s) {
+            m_storages[DataStorage] = s;
+        }
+
+        VirtualFile& operator[](s32 index) {
+            ASSERT(MasterStorage <= index && index <= DataStorage);
+            return m_storages[index];
+        }
+    };
+
+public:
+    HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage();
+    virtual ~HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage() override {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(const HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation& info,
+                      HierarchicalStorageInformation storage, int max_data_cache_entries,
+                      int max_hash_cache_entries, s8 buffer_level);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override;
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override;
+
+    bool IsInitialized() const {
+        return m_data_size >= 0;
+    }
+
+    s64 GetL1HashVerificationBlockSize() const {
+        return m_verify_storages[m_max_layers - 2]->GetBlockSize();
+    }
+
+    VirtualFile GetL1HashStorage() {
+        return std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(
+            m_buffer_storages[m_max_layers - 3],
+            Common::DivideUp(m_data_size, this->GetL1HashVerificationBlockSize()), 0);
+    }
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s8 GetDefaultDataCacheBufferLevel(u32 max_layers) {
+        return static_cast<s8>(16 + max_layers - 2);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    static constexpr s64 HashSize = 256 / 8;
+    static constexpr size_t MaxLayers = IntegrityMaxLayerCount;
+
+private:
+    static GenerateRandomFunction s_generate_random;
+
+    static void SetGenerateRandomFunction(GenerateRandomFunction func) {
+        s_generate_random = func;
+    }
+
+private:
+    friend struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation;
+
+private:
+    std::array<std::shared_ptr<IntegrityVerificationStorage>, MaxLayers - 1> m_verify_storages;
+    std::array<VirtualFile, MaxLayers - 1> m_buffer_storages;
+    s64 m_data_size;
+    s32 m_max_layers;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_sha256_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_sha256_storage.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+namespace {
+
+s32 Log2(s32 value) {
+    ASSERT(value > 0);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(value));
+
+    s32 log = 0;
+    while ((value >>= 1) > 0) {
+        ++log;
+    }
+    return log;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+Result HierarchicalSha256Storage::Initialize(VirtualFile* base_storages, s32 layer_count,
+                                             size_t htbs, void* hash_buf, size_t hash_buf_size) {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(layer_count == LayerCount);
+    ASSERT(Common::IsPowerOfTwo(htbs));
+    ASSERT(hash_buf != nullptr);
+
+    // Set size tracking members.
+    m_hash_target_block_size = static_cast<s32>(htbs);
+    m_log_size_ratio = Log2(m_hash_target_block_size / HashSize);
+
+    // Get the base storage size.
+    m_base_storage_size = base_storages[2]->GetSize();
+    {
+        auto size_guard = SCOPE_GUARD({ m_base_storage_size = 0; });
+        R_UNLESS(m_base_storage_size <= static_cast<s64>(HashSize)
+                                            << m_log_size_ratio << m_log_size_ratio,
+                 ResultHierarchicalSha256BaseStorageTooLarge);
+        size_guard.Cancel();
+    }
+
+    // Set hash buffer tracking members.
+    m_base_storage = base_storages[2];
+    m_hash_buffer = static_cast<char*>(hash_buf);
+    m_hash_buffer_size = hash_buf_size;
+
+    // Read the master hash.
+    std::array<u8, HashSize> master_hash{};
+    base_storages[0]->ReadObject(std::addressof(master_hash));
+
+    // Read and validate the data being hashed.
+    s64 hash_storage_size = base_storages[1]->GetSize();
+    ASSERT(Common::IsAligned(hash_storage_size, HashSize));
+    ASSERT(hash_storage_size <= m_hash_target_block_size);
+    ASSERT(hash_storage_size <= static_cast<s64>(m_hash_buffer_size));
+
+    base_storages[1]->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_hash_buffer),
+                           static_cast<size_t>(hash_storage_size), 0);
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+size_t HierarchicalSha256Storage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const {
+    // Succeed if zero-size.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Validate that we have a buffer to read into.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // Read the data.
+    return m_base_storage->Read(buffer, size, offset);
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_sha256_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class HierarchicalSha256Storage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(HierarchicalSha256Storage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(HierarchicalSha256Storage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s32 LayerCount = 3;
+    static constexpr size_t HashSize = 256 / 8;
+
+public:
+    HierarchicalSha256Storage() : m_mutex() {}
+
+    Result Initialize(VirtualFile* base_storages, s32 layer_count, size_t htbs, void* hash_buf,
+                      size_t hash_buf_size);
+
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        return m_base_storage->GetSize();
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t length, size_t offset) const override;
+
+private:
+    VirtualFile m_base_storage;
+    s64 m_base_storage_size;
+    char* m_hash_buffer;
+    size_t m_hash_buffer_size;
+    s32 m_hash_target_block_size;
+    s32 m_log_size_ratio;
+    std::mutex m_mutex;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_indirect_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_indirect_storage.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+Result IndirectStorage::Initialize(VirtualFile table_storage) {
+    // Read and verify the bucket tree header.
+    BucketTree::Header header;
+    table_storage->ReadObject(std::addressof(header));
+    R_TRY(header.Verify());
+
+    // Determine extents.
+    const auto node_storage_size = QueryNodeStorageSize(header.entry_count);
+    const auto entry_storage_size = QueryEntryStorageSize(header.entry_count);
+    const auto node_storage_offset = QueryHeaderStorageSize();
+    const auto entry_storage_offset = node_storage_offset + node_storage_size;
+
+    // Initialize.
+    R_RETURN(this->Initialize(
+        std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(table_storage, node_storage_size, node_storage_offset),
+        std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(table_storage, entry_storage_size, entry_storage_offset),
+        header.entry_count));
+}
+
+void IndirectStorage::Finalize() {
+    if (this->IsInitialized()) {
+        m_table.Finalize();
+        for (auto i = 0; i < StorageCount; i++) {
+            m_data_storage[i] = VirtualFile();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Result IndirectStorage::GetEntryList(Entry* out_entries, s32* out_entry_count, s32 entry_count,
+                                     s64 offset, s64 size) {
+    // Validate pre-conditions.
+    ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+    ASSERT(size >= 0);
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+    // Clear the out count.
+    R_UNLESS(out_entry_count != nullptr, ResultNullptrArgument);
+    *out_entry_count = 0;
+
+    // Succeed if there's no range.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+    // If we have an output array, we need it to be non-null.
+    R_UNLESS(out_entries != nullptr || entry_count == 0, ResultNullptrArgument);
+
+    // Check that our range is valid.
+    BucketTree::Offsets table_offsets;
+    R_TRY(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(table_offsets)));
+
+    R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(offset, size), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Find the offset in our tree.
+    BucketTree::Visitor visitor;
+    R_TRY(m_table.Find(std::addressof(visitor), offset));
+    {
+        const auto entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->GetVirtualOffset();
+        R_UNLESS(0 <= entry_offset && table_offsets.IsInclude(entry_offset),
+                 ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Prepare to loop over entries.
+    const auto end_offset = offset + static_cast<s64>(size);
+    s32 count = 0;
+
+    auto cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+    while (cur_entry.GetVirtualOffset() < end_offset) {
+        // Try to write the entry to the out list.
+        if (entry_count != 0) {
+            if (count >= entry_count) {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::memcpy(out_entries + count, std::addressof(cur_entry), sizeof(Entry));
+        }
+
+        count++;
+
+        // Advance.
+        if (visitor.CanMoveNext()) {
+            R_TRY(visitor.MoveNext());
+            cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write the output count.
+    *out_entry_count = count;
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+size_t IndirectStorage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const {
+    // Validate pre-conditions.
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // Succeed if there's nothing to read.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const_cast<IndirectStorage*>(this)->OperatePerEntry<true, true>(
+        offset, size,
+        [=](VirtualFile storage, s64 data_offset, s64 cur_offset, s64 cur_size) -> Result {
+            storage->Read(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buffer) + (cur_offset - offset),
+                          static_cast<size_t>(cur_size), data_offset);
+            R_SUCCEED();
+        });
+
+    return size;
+}
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_indirect_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/errors.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_bucket_tree_template_impl.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class IndirectStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(IndirectStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(IndirectStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s32 StorageCount = 2;
+    static constexpr size_t NodeSize = 16_KiB;
+
+    struct Entry {
+        std::array<u8, sizeof(s64)> virt_offset;
+        std::array<u8, sizeof(s64)> phys_offset;
+        s32 storage_index;
+
+        void SetVirtualOffset(const s64& ofs) {
+            std::memcpy(this->virt_offset.data(), std::addressof(ofs), sizeof(s64));
+        }
+
+        s64 GetVirtualOffset() const {
+            s64 offset;
+            std::memcpy(std::addressof(offset), this->virt_offset.data(), sizeof(s64));
+            return offset;
+        }
+
+        void SetPhysicalOffset(const s64& ofs) {
+            std::memcpy(this->phys_offset.data(), std::addressof(ofs), sizeof(s64));
+        }
+
+        s64 GetPhysicalOffset() const {
+            s64 offset;
+            std::memcpy(std::addressof(offset), this->phys_offset.data(), sizeof(s64));
+            return offset;
+        }
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<Entry>);
+    static_assert(sizeof(Entry) == 0x14);
+
+    struct EntryData {
+        s64 virt_offset;
+        s64 phys_offset;
+        s32 storage_index;
+
+        void Set(const Entry& entry) {
+            this->virt_offset = entry.GetVirtualOffset();
+            this->phys_offset = entry.GetPhysicalOffset();
+            this->storage_index = entry.storage_index;
+        }
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<EntryData>);
+
+public:
+    IndirectStorage() : m_table(), m_data_storage() {}
+    virtual ~IndirectStorage() {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(VirtualFile table_storage);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    bool IsInitialized() const {
+        return m_table.IsInitialized();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(VirtualFile node_storage, VirtualFile entry_storage, s32 entry_count) {
+        R_RETURN(
+            m_table.Initialize(node_storage, entry_storage, NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count));
+    }
+
+    void SetStorage(s32 idx, VirtualFile storage) {
+        ASSERT(0 <= idx && idx < StorageCount);
+        m_data_storage[idx] = storage;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void SetStorage(s32 idx, T storage, s64 offset, s64 size) {
+        ASSERT(0 <= idx && idx < StorageCount);
+        m_data_storage[idx] = std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(storage, size, offset);
+    }
+
+    Result GetEntryList(Entry* out_entries, s32* out_entry_count, s32 entry_count, s64 offset,
+                        s64 size);
+
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        BucketTree::Offsets offsets{};
+        m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(offsets));
+
+        return offsets.end_offset;
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override;
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s64 QueryHeaderStorageSize() {
+        return BucketTree::QueryHeaderStorageSize();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryNodeStorageSize(s32 entry_count) {
+        return BucketTree::QueryNodeStorageSize(NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr s64 QueryEntryStorageSize(s32 entry_count) {
+        return BucketTree::QueryEntryStorageSize(NodeSize, sizeof(Entry), entry_count);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    BucketTree& GetEntryTable() {
+        return m_table;
+    }
+
+    VirtualFile& GetDataStorage(s32 index) {
+        ASSERT(0 <= index && index < StorageCount);
+        return m_data_storage[index];
+    }
+
+    template <bool ContinuousCheck, bool RangeCheck, typename F>
+    Result OperatePerEntry(s64 offset, s64 size, F func);
+
+private:
+    struct ContinuousReadingEntry {
+        static constexpr size_t FragmentSizeMax = 4_KiB;
+
+        IndirectStorage::Entry entry;
+
+        s64 GetVirtualOffset() const {
+            return this->entry.GetVirtualOffset();
+        }
+
+        s64 GetPhysicalOffset() const {
+            return this->entry.GetPhysicalOffset();
+        }
+
+        bool IsFragment() const {
+            return this->entry.storage_index != 0;
+        }
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<ContinuousReadingEntry>);
+
+private:
+    mutable BucketTree m_table;
+    std::array<VirtualFile, StorageCount> m_data_storage;
+};
+
+template <bool ContinuousCheck, bool RangeCheck, typename F>
+Result IndirectStorage::OperatePerEntry(s64 offset, s64 size, F func) {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+    ASSERT(size >= 0);
+    ASSERT(this->IsInitialized());
+
+    // Succeed if there's nothing to operate on.
+    R_SUCCEED_IF(size == 0);
+
+    // Get the table offsets.
+    BucketTree::Offsets table_offsets;
+    R_TRY(m_table.GetOffsets(std::addressof(table_offsets)));
+
+    // Validate arguments.
+    R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(offset, size), ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Find the offset in our tree.
+    BucketTree::Visitor visitor;
+    R_TRY(m_table.Find(std::addressof(visitor), offset));
+    {
+        const auto entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->GetVirtualOffset();
+        R_UNLESS(0 <= entry_offset && table_offsets.IsInclude(entry_offset),
+                 ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Prepare to operate in chunks.
+    auto cur_offset = offset;
+    const auto end_offset = offset + static_cast<s64>(size);
+    BucketTree::ContinuousReadingInfo cr_info;
+
+    while (cur_offset < end_offset) {
+        // Get the current entry.
+        const auto cur_entry = *visitor.Get<Entry>();
+
+        // Get and validate the entry's offset.
+        const auto cur_entry_offset = cur_entry.GetVirtualOffset();
+        R_UNLESS(cur_entry_offset <= cur_offset, ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+
+        // Validate the storage index.
+        R_UNLESS(0 <= cur_entry.storage_index && cur_entry.storage_index < StorageCount,
+                 ResultInvalidIndirectEntryStorageIndex);
+
+        // If we need to check the continuous info, do so.
+        if constexpr (ContinuousCheck) {
+            // Scan, if we need to.
+            if (cr_info.CheckNeedScan()) {
+                R_TRY(visitor.ScanContinuousReading<ContinuousReadingEntry>(
+                    std::addressof(cr_info), cur_offset,
+                    static_cast<size_t>(end_offset - cur_offset)));
+            }
+
+            // Process a base storage entry.
+            if (cr_info.CanDo()) {
+                // Ensure that we can process.
+                R_UNLESS(cur_entry.storage_index == 0, ResultInvalidIndirectEntryStorageIndex);
+
+                // Ensure that we remain within range.
+                const auto data_offset = cur_offset - cur_entry_offset;
+                const auto cur_entry_phys_offset = cur_entry.GetPhysicalOffset();
+                const auto cur_size = static_cast<s64>(cr_info.GetReadSize());
+
+                // If we should, verify the range.
+                if constexpr (RangeCheck) {
+                    // Get the current data storage's size.
+                    s64 cur_data_storage_size = m_data_storage[0]->GetSize();
+
+                    R_UNLESS(0 <= cur_entry_phys_offset &&
+                                 cur_entry_phys_offset <= cur_data_storage_size,
+                             ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+                    R_UNLESS(cur_entry_phys_offset + data_offset + cur_size <=
+                                 cur_data_storage_size,
+                             ResultInvalidIndirectStorageSize);
+                }
+
+                // Operate.
+                R_TRY(func(m_data_storage[0], cur_entry_phys_offset + data_offset, cur_offset,
+                           cur_size));
+
+                // Mark as done.
+                cr_info.Done();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get and validate the next entry offset.
+        s64 next_entry_offset;
+        if (visitor.CanMoveNext()) {
+            R_TRY(visitor.MoveNext());
+            next_entry_offset = visitor.Get<Entry>()->GetVirtualOffset();
+            R_UNLESS(table_offsets.IsInclude(next_entry_offset), ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+        } else {
+            next_entry_offset = table_offsets.end_offset;
+        }
+        R_UNLESS(cur_offset < next_entry_offset, ResultInvalidIndirectEntryOffset);
+
+        // Get the offset of the entry in the data we read.
+        const auto data_offset = cur_offset - cur_entry_offset;
+        const auto data_size = (next_entry_offset - cur_entry_offset);
+        ASSERT(data_size > 0);
+
+        // Determine how much is left.
+        const auto remaining_size = end_offset - cur_offset;
+        const auto cur_size = std::min<s64>(remaining_size, data_size - data_offset);
+        ASSERT(cur_size <= size);
+
+        // Operate, if we need to.
+        bool needs_operate;
+        if constexpr (!ContinuousCheck) {
+            needs_operate = true;
+        } else {
+            needs_operate = !cr_info.IsDone() || cur_entry.storage_index != 0;
+        }
+
+        if (needs_operate) {
+            const auto cur_entry_phys_offset = cur_entry.GetPhysicalOffset();
+
+            if constexpr (RangeCheck) {
+                // Get the current data storage's size.
+                s64 cur_data_storage_size = m_data_storage[cur_entry.storage_index]->GetSize();
+
+                // Ensure that we remain within range.
+                R_UNLESS(0 <= cur_entry_phys_offset &&
+                             cur_entry_phys_offset <= cur_data_storage_size,
+                         ResultIndirectStorageCorrupted);
+                R_UNLESS(cur_entry_phys_offset + data_offset + cur_size <= cur_data_storage_size,
+                         ResultIndirectStorageCorrupted);
+            }
+
+            R_TRY(func(m_data_storage[cur_entry.storage_index], cur_entry_phys_offset + data_offset,
+                       cur_offset, cur_size));
+        }
+
+        cur_offset += cur_size;
+    }
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_romfs_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_romfs_storage.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+Result IntegrityRomFsStorage::Initialize(
+    HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation level_hash_info, Hash master_hash,
+    HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::HierarchicalStorageInformation storage_info,
+    int max_data_cache_entries, int max_hash_cache_entries, s8 buffer_level) {
+    // Set master hash.
+    m_master_hash = master_hash;
+    m_master_hash_storage = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<sizeof(Hash)>>(m_master_hash.value);
+    R_UNLESS(m_master_hash_storage != nullptr,
+             ResultAllocationMemoryFailedInIntegrityRomFsStorageA);
+
+    // Set the master hash storage.
+    storage_info[0] = m_master_hash_storage;
+
+    // Initialize our integrity storage.
+    R_RETURN(m_integrity_storage.Initialize(level_hash_info, storage_info, max_data_cache_entries,
+                                            max_hash_cache_entries, buffer_level));
+}
+
+void IntegrityRomFsStorage::Finalize() {
+    m_integrity_storage.Finalize();
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_romfs_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_nca_header.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+constexpr inline size_t IntegrityLayerCountRomFs = 7;
+constexpr inline size_t IntegrityHashLayerBlockSize = 16_KiB;
+
+class IntegrityRomFsStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+public:
+    IntegrityRomFsStorage() {}
+    virtual ~IntegrityRomFsStorage() override {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    Result Initialize(
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation level_hash_info, Hash master_hash,
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::HierarchicalStorageInformation storage_info,
+        int max_data_cache_entries, int max_hash_cache_entries, s8 buffer_level);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override {
+        return m_integrity_storage.Read(buffer, size, offset);
+    }
+
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override {
+        return m_integrity_storage.GetSize();
+    }
+
+private:
+    HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage m_integrity_storage;
+    Hash m_master_hash;
+    std::shared_ptr<ArrayVfsFile<sizeof(Hash)>> m_master_hash_storage;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_verification_storage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_verification_storage.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+constexpr inline u32 ILog2(u32 val) {
+    ASSERT(val > 0);
+    return static_cast<u32>((sizeof(u32) * 8) - 1 - std::countl_zero<u32>(val));
+}
+
+void IntegrityVerificationStorage::Initialize(VirtualFile hs, VirtualFile ds, s64 verif_block_size,
+                                              s64 upper_layer_verif_block_size, bool is_real_data) {
+    // Validate preconditions.
+    ASSERT(verif_block_size >= HashSize);
+
+    // Set storages.
+    m_hash_storage = hs;
+    m_data_storage = ds;
+
+    // Set verification block sizes.
+    m_verification_block_size = verif_block_size;
+    m_verification_block_order = ILog2(static_cast<u32>(verif_block_size));
+    ASSERT(m_verification_block_size == 1ll << m_verification_block_order);
+
+    // Set upper layer block sizes.
+    upper_layer_verif_block_size = std::max(upper_layer_verif_block_size, HashSize);
+    m_upper_layer_verification_block_size = upper_layer_verif_block_size;
+    m_upper_layer_verification_block_order = ILog2(static_cast<u32>(upper_layer_verif_block_size));
+    ASSERT(m_upper_layer_verification_block_size == 1ll << m_upper_layer_verification_block_order);
+
+    // Validate sizes.
+    {
+        s64 hash_size = m_hash_storage->GetSize();
+        s64 data_size = m_data_storage->GetSize();
+        ASSERT(((hash_size / HashSize) * m_verification_block_size) >= data_size);
+    }
+
+    // Set data.
+    m_is_real_data = is_real_data;
+}
+
+void IntegrityVerificationStorage::Finalize() {
+    m_hash_storage = VirtualFile();
+    m_data_storage = VirtualFile();
+}
+
+size_t IntegrityVerificationStorage::Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const {
+    // Succeed if zero size.
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    // Validate arguments.
+    ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    // Validate the offset.
+    s64 data_size = m_data_storage->GetSize();
+    ASSERT(offset <= static_cast<size_t>(data_size));
+
+    // Validate the access range.
+    ASSERT(R_SUCCEEDED(IStorage::CheckAccessRange(
+        offset, size, Common::AlignUp(data_size, static_cast<size_t>(m_verification_block_size)))));
+
+    // Determine the read extents.
+    size_t read_size = size;
+    if (static_cast<s64>(offset + read_size) > data_size) {
+        // Determine the padding sizes.
+        s64 padding_offset = data_size - offset;
+        size_t padding_size = static_cast<size_t>(
+            m_verification_block_size - (padding_offset & (m_verification_block_size - 1)));
+        ASSERT(static_cast<s64>(padding_size) < m_verification_block_size);
+
+        // Clear the padding.
+        std::memset(static_cast<u8*>(buffer) + padding_offset, 0, padding_size);
+
+        // Set the new in-bounds size.
+        read_size = static_cast<size_t>(data_size - offset);
+    }
+
+    // Perform the read.
+    return m_data_storage->Read(buffer, read_size, offset);
+}
+
+size_t IntegrityVerificationStorage::GetSize() const {
+    return m_data_storage->GetSize();
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/fssystem/fssystem_integrity_verification_storage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_i_storage.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/fssystem/fs_types.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+class IntegrityVerificationStorage : public IReadOnlyStorage {
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(IntegrityVerificationStorage);
+    YUZU_NON_MOVEABLE(IntegrityVerificationStorage);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr s64 HashSize = 256 / 8;
+
+    struct BlockHash {
+        std::array<u8, HashSize> hash;
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<BlockHash>);
+
+public:
+    IntegrityVerificationStorage()
+        : m_verification_block_size(0), m_verification_block_order(0),
+          m_upper_layer_verification_block_size(0), m_upper_layer_verification_block_order(0) {}
+    virtual ~IntegrityVerificationStorage() override {
+        this->Finalize();
+    }
+
+    void Initialize(VirtualFile hs, VirtualFile ds, s64 verif_block_size,
+                    s64 upper_layer_verif_block_size, bool is_real_data);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    virtual size_t Read(u8* buffer, size_t size, size_t offset) const override;
+    virtual size_t GetSize() const override;
+
+    s64 GetBlockSize() const {
+        return m_verification_block_size;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static void SetValidationBit(BlockHash* hash) {
+        ASSERT(hash != nullptr);
+        hash->hash[HashSize - 1] |= 0x80;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsValidationBit(const BlockHash* hash) {
+        ASSERT(hash != nullptr);
+        return (hash->hash[HashSize - 1] & 0x80) != 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    VirtualFile m_hash_storage;
+    VirtualFile m_data_storage;
+    s64 m_verification_block_size;
+    s64 m_verification_block_order;
+    s64 m_upper_layer_verification_block_size;
+    s64 m_upper_layer_verification_block_order;
+    bool m_is_real_data;
+};
+
+} // namespace FileSys