Infographics: Bepi-Colombo's flyby
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\documentclass{standalone}
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%
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,bending,arrows.meta,shapes.callouts}
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%
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\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
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\usetkzobj{all}
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%
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\definecolor{space}{HTML}{0A2543}
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\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA}
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\definecolor{mars}{HTML}{DC7B4E}
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\definecolor{mercury}{HTML}{846549}
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\definecolor{dida}{HTML}{FFDE00}
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\definecolor{title}{HTML}{FBA706}
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\definecolor{craterm}{HTML}{616060}
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%
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\usepackage{amsmath}
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%
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\usepackage{fontspec}
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\setmainfont{Open Dyslexic}
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%
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\title{Flyby Bepi-Colombo}
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\begin{document}
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\tikzset{notice/.style = { draw, ellipse callout, callout relative pointer={#1} },}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[background rectangle/.style={fill=white},show background rectangle,>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth}]
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%title
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\draw [black,ultra thick,fill=title] (0,7) rectangle (30,15);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=center, text width=30cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{90pt}{91pt}\selectfont] at (0,11) {Un \emph{flyby} con Bepi-Colombo};
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%bepi-colombo
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,0)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=space] (1.5,6) rectangle (28.5,-6);
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\node at (23,0) {\includegraphics[width=12cm]{bepi-colombo}};
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(3,0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, text width=12cm, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (1,-1) {Salve! Sono la sonda Bepi-Colombo e sono in viaggio verso Mercurio!};
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\end{scope}
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%mercury
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-12)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=space] (1.5,5) rectangle (28.5,-6);
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\node at (7,0) {\includegraphics[width=10cm]{freddy_mercurio}};
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(-3,-0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, text width=12cm, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (12,1) {Ciao! Io sono Mercurio e dalle mie parti il Sole picchia forte...};
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\end{scope}
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%dida1
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-24)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=space] (1,5) rectangle (29,-5);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=15cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {Il viaggio per raggiungere il pianeta si concluderà nel 2025, ma nel frattempo, per non arrivare troppo veloce e non cadere dentro al Sole, dovrò rallentare la mia velocità.};
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\draw [fill=white] (24,0) circle (4cm);
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\node at (28,2) {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{bepi-colombo}};
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(0.5,0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{16pt}{17pt}\selectfont] at (24,0.5) {Ops...};
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\end{scope}
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%dida2
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-35)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1.5,4.5) rectangle (28.5,-4.5);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=19cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2.5,0) {Per fare questa operazione sarà necessaria una manovra chiamata flyby, che può essere utilizzata sia per accelerare, sia per rallentare, come nel mio caso. La prima di queste manovre la farò il 10 aprile vicino alla Terra, quindi altre due vicino a Venere e gli ultimi 6 flyby intorno a Mercurio, prima di mettermi su un'orbita stabile intorno al pianeta.};
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\node at (25,0) {\includegraphics[width=6cm]{bepi-colombo}};
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\end{scope}
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%subtitle flyby increase
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-42)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=title] (2.5,1.5) rectangle (27.5,-1.5);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [align=center, text width=30cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{40pt}{41pt}\selectfont] at (15,0) {Flyby per aumentare la velocità};
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\end{scope}
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%increase
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-53.5)}]
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\tkzDefPoint(12,0){M}
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\tkzDefPoint(5,-10){O}
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\tkzDefPoint(20,-8){A}
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\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center O angle 85](A) \tkzGetPoint{B}
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%
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\draw [fill=mercury] (M) circle (2cm);
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\draw [<-, ultra thick, color=mars] (7,0) -- (9,0);
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\node [right, color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (6.8,-0.7) {$\text{v}_\text{pianeta}$};
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\draw [dashed, ultra thick] (M) circle (8cm);
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\tkzDrawArc[ultra thick, color=craterm, delta=8](O,A)(B)
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\tkzTangent[at=A](O) \tkzGetPoint{a}
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\tkzDrawSegments[->,ultra thick,add = 0 and 1](A,a)
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\node [right, color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (A) {$\text{v}_\text{ingresso}$};
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\tkzTangent[at=B](O) \tkzGetPoint{b}
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\tkzDrawSegments[->,ultra thick,add = 0 and 1](B,b)
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\node [below, color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (B) {$\text{v}_\text{uscita}$};
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\tkzDrawPoints[fill=white](A,B)
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%
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\node [color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (12,8.7) {Sfera di influenza};
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\end{scope}
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%ingresso
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\begin{scope}[shift={(27,-51.5)}]
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\draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (-8.5,6.5) rectangle (3,-1);
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\node[right, text width=10.5cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{15pt}{16pt}\selectfont] at (-8,5.5) {Ingresso nella sfera d'influenza del pianeta};
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O} \tkzDefPoint(-0.2,4){A} \tkzDefPoint(-4,0){B}
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\tkzDefPointWith[colinear= at B](O,A)
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\tkzGetPoint{D}
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\tkzDrawSegments[dashed, color=craterm](A,D B,D)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth, ultra thick](O,A)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=mars, ultra thick](O,B)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth!50!mars, ultra thick](O,D)
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\node [right, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (A) {$\text{v}_\text{ingresso}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (B) {$\text{v}_\text{pianeta}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (D) {$\text{v}_\text{risultante in}$};
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\end{scope}
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%uscita
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\begin{scope}[shift={(29.5,-57.5)}]
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\draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (-11,3.5) rectangle (0.5,-1);
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\node[right, text width=10.5cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{15pt}{16pt}\selectfont] at (-10.5,2.5) {Uscita dalla sfera d'influenza del pianeta};
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O} \tkzDefPoint(-3,1){A} \tkzDefPoint(-4,0){B}
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\tkzDefPointWith[colinear= at B](O,A)
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\tkzGetPoint{D}
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\tkzDrawSegments[dashed, color=craterm](A,D B,D)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth, ultra thick](O,A)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=mars, ultra thick](O,B)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth!50!mars, ultra thick](O,D)
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\node [right, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (A) {$\text{v}_\text{uscita}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (B) {$\text{v}_\text{pianeta}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (D) {$\text{v}_\text{risultane fn}$};
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\end{scope}
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%subtitle flyby increase
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-65)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=title] (2.5,1.5) rectangle (27.5,-1.5);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [align=center, text width=30cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{40pt}{41pt}\selectfont] at (15,0) {Flyby per diminuire la velocità};
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\end{scope}
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%decrease
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-76.5)}]
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\tkzDefPoint(12,0){M}
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\tkzDefPoint(20,-8){O}
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\tkzDefPoint(5,-10){A}
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\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center O angle -90](A) \tkzGetPoint{B}
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%
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\draw [fill=mercury] (M) circle (2cm);
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\draw [<-, ultra thick, color=mars] (7,0) -- (9,0);
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\node [right, color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (6.8,-0.7) {$\text{v}_\text{pianeta}$};
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\draw [dashed, ultra thick] (M) circle (8cm);
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\tkzDrawArc[ultra thick, color=craterm, delta=8](O,B)(A)
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\tkzDrawPoints[fill=white](A,B)
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\tkzTangent[at=A](O) \tkzGetPoint{a}
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\tkzDrawSegments[<-,ultra thick,add = 2 and -1](A,a)
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\node [right, color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (A) {$\text{v}_\text{ingresso}$};
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\tkzTangent[at=B](O) \tkzGetPoint{b}
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\tkzDrawSegments[<-,ultra thick,add = 2 and -1](B,b)
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\node [below, color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (B) {$\text{v}_\text{uscita}$};
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%
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\node [color=black, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (12,8.7) {Sfera di influenza};
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\end{scope}
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%ingresso
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\begin{scope}[shift={(27,-77.5)}]
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\draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (-8,6.5) rectangle (3,-1);
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\node[right, text width=10.5cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{15pt}{16pt}\selectfont] at (-7.5,5.5) {Ingresso nella sfera d'influenza del pianeta};
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\tkzDefPoint(-1,0){O} \tkzDefPoint(-0.2,4){A} \tkzDefPoint(-5,0){B}
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\tkzDefPointWith[colinear= at B](O,A)
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\tkzGetPoint{D}
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\tkzDrawSegments[dashed, color=craterm](A,D B,D)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth, ultra thick](O,A)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=mars, ultra thick](O,B)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=blue, ultra thick](O,D)
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\node [right, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (A) {$\text{v}_\text{ingresso}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (B) {$\text{v}_\text{pianeta}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (D) {$\text{v}_\text{risultane in}$};
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\end{scope}
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%uscita
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\begin{scope}[shift={(24,-83.5)}]
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\draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (-7.5,3.5) rectangle (6,-1);
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\node[right, text width=13cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{15pt}{16pt}\selectfont] at (-7,2.5) {Uscita dalla sfera d'influenza del pianeta};
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O} \tkzDefPoint(3,1){A} \tkzDefPoint(-4,0){B}
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\tkzDefPointWith[colinear= at B](O,A)
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\tkzGetPoint{D}
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\tkzDrawSegments[dashed, color=craterm](A,D B,D)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth, ultra thick](O,A)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=mars, ultra thick](O,B)
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\tkzDrawVectors[color=earth!50!mars, ultra thick](O,D)
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\node [right, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (A) {$\text{v}_\text{uscita}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (B) {$\text{v}_\text{pianeta}$};
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\node [left, color=white, font=\fontsize{20pt}{21pt}\selectfont] at (D) {$\text{v}_\text{risultane fn}$};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-90)}]
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\node at (27,0) () {\includegraphics[width=3.7cm]{licenza}};
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\node at (18,-0.1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Testo e illustrazioni: @ulaulaman - Gianluigi Filippelli}};
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\end{scope}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{document}
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