2023-03-31 01:54:58 +02:00
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\title [Quantum world] { Il meraviglioso mondo quantistico}
\author [G.Filippelli] { Gianluigi Filippelli}
\date { Liceo "C. Cavalleri", Parabiago (Milano). 09/02/2018}
\usepackage [latin1] { inputenc}
\usepackage [italian] { babel}
\usepackage { times}
%
\begin { document}
%
\begin { frame}
\titlepage
\end { frame}
%
% La costante di Planck
%
\section { La costante di Planck}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline01]
\frametitle { Quando inizia il XX secolo della fisica}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1899} { 1900} { \includegraphics [width=3cm] { files/planck.jpg} }
%
\stopchronology
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [planck01]
\frametitle { La costante di Planck}
\begin { block} { \only <1>{ Il valore di $ h $ } \onslide <2->{ Radiazione di corpo nero} }
\begin { displaymath}
\only <1>{ h = 6.626070 \cdot 10^ { -34} J \cdot s}
\onslide <2->{ B_ \nu = \frac { 8 \pi h} { c^ 3} \nu ^ 3 \frac { 1} { e^ { \frac { h \nu } { k T} } -1} }
\end { displaymath}
\end { block}
\onslide <2->{ Cos'<27> un corpo nero?}
\begin { enumerate}
\onslide <3->{ \item Emettitore ideale: ad ogni frequenza, emette molta pi<70> energia di qualunque altro corpo alla stessa temperatura.}
\onslide <4->{ \item Emettitore diffuso: la radiazione <20> emessa isotropicamente}
\end { enumerate}
\end { frame}
%
\subsection { Planck a scuola}
%
\begin { frame} [planck02]
\frametitle { Misurare la costante di Planck}
\begin { center}
\begin { tikzpicture} [every node/.style={ inner sep=0,outer sep=0} ]
\onslide <6->\node at (0,0) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/ledplot.jpg} } ;
\onslide <1->\node at (4,0.5) () { \includegraphics [width=3cm] { files/planckled.jpg} } ;
\end { tikzpicture}
\end { center}
\onslide <2-7>{ \begin { block} { \onslide <2-6>{ Materiali} \only <7>{ Riferimenti} }
\begin { itemize}
\only <7>{ \item \href { http://www.scienceinschool.org/2014/issue28/planck} { \textcolor { inaf} { Classroom fundamentals: measuring the Planck constant} } }
\onslide <2-6>{ \item 4 LED di 4 colori differenti (rosso, arancione, verde, blu)}
\onslide <3-6>{ \item una batteria}
\onslide <4-6>{ \item un tester (da utilizzare una volta come voltmetro e un'altra come amperometro)}
\onslide <5-6>{ \item un potenziometro da $ 1 k \Omega $ }
\end { itemize}
\end { block} }
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [corponero01]
\frametitle { Visualizzare il corpo nero}
\begin { center}
\begin { tikzpicture} [every node/.style={ inner sep=0,outer sep=0} ]
\onslide <1>\node at (0,0) () { \includegraphics [width=2cm] { files/black_ body.jpg} } ;
\onslide <2->\node at (0,0) () { \includegraphics [width=2cm] { files/photosphere.jpg} } ;
\end { tikzpicture}
\end { center}
\onslide <3->{ \begin { block} { L'influenza di $ h $ nell'universo}
\only <3>{ Se $ h $ fosse dieci volte pi<70> piccola, delle semplici braci emetterebbero luce 1000 pi<70> intensa e a frequenze ultraviolette}
\only <4>{ Se $ h $ fosse dieci volte pi<70> piccola, l'idrogeno non sarebbe pi<70> in grado di fondere in deuterio e produrre l'elio}
\end { block} }
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [corponero02]
\frametitle { Il corpo nero a scuola}
\begin { center}
\only <1>{ \includegraphics [width=8cm] { files/corponero.jpg} }
\only <2>{ \includegraphics [width=8cm] { files/jaract.jpg} }
\end { center}
\begin { itemize}
\only <1>{ \item \href { https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbody-spectrum} { \textcolor { inaf} { Blackbody spectrum - PhET Interactive Simulations} } }
\only <2>{ \item \href { https://earthref.org/SCC/lessons/2012/electromagneticradiation/} { \textcolor { inaf} { Electromagnetic Radiation in the Atmosphere: Reflection, Absorption, and Scattering} } }
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
% Einstein
%
\section { Il contributo di Einstein}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline02]
\frametitle { Gli articoli di Einstein}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1904} { 1905} { $ E = h \nu $ }
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Equazione di Planck-Einstein
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline03]
\frametitle { Gli articoli di Einstein}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1904} { 1905} { $ E = h \nu $ }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1905} { 1906} { $ 0 , h \nu , 2 h \nu , \cdots $ }
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Marzo 1906: quantizzazione energia oscillatore materiale
\item Novembre 1906: la quantizzazione dell'energia degli oscillatori materiali spiega alcuni calori specifici
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline04]
\frametitle { Gli articoli di Einstein}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1904} { 1905} { $ E = h \nu $ }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1905} { 1906} { $ 0 , h \nu , 2 h \nu , \cdots $ }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1908} { 1909} { Corpo nero}
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Le fluttuazioni nella densit<69> di energia emessa da un corpo nero confermano la doppia natura della luce
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline05]
\frametitle { Gli articoli di Einstein}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1904} { 1905} { $ E = h \nu $ }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1905} { 1906} { $ 0 , h \nu , 2 h \nu , \cdots $ }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1908} { 1909} { Corpo nero}
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1915} { 1916} { $ E _ m - E _ n = h \nu _ { mn } $ , $ p _ { mn } = h \nu _ { mn } / c $ }
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Effetto fotoelettrico
\item Casualit<69>
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\subsection { L'effetto fotoelettrico}
%
\begin { frame} [fotoelettrico]
\frametitle { L'effetto fotoelettrico a scuola}
\begin { tikzpicture} [every node/.style={ inner sep=0,outer sep=0} ]
\node at (0,0) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/fotoelettrico.jpg} } ;
\onslide <6>\node at (7,0.5) () { \href { http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/48/1/35/meta} { \textcolor { inaf} { Teaching the photoelectric} } } ;
\onslide <6>\node at (7,0) () { \href { http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/48/1/35/meta} { \textcolor { inaf} { effect inductively} } } ;
\end { tikzpicture}
\begin { itemize}
\item \href { https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/photoelectric} { \textcolor { inaf} { Effetto fotoelettrico - PhET Interactive Simulations} } : applicazione Java
\onslide <2->{ \item Problem solving: }
\onslide <3->{ \item Stabilire le ipotesi/raccogliere informazioni}
\onslide <4->{ \item Analisi/controllo concettuale}
\onslide <5->{ \item Verifica e valutazione}
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
% La struttura dell'atomo
%
\section { La struttura dell'atomo}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline06]
\frametitle { L'esperimento di Millikan}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1916} { 1917} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/millikan.jpg} }
%
\stopchronology
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline06]
\frametitle { L'esperimento di Compton}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1916} { 1917} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/millikan.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1921} { 1922} { \includegraphics [width=6cm] { files/compton.jpg} }
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item $ \lambda = \frac { h } { mc } $
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline08]
\frametitle { Onde di materia}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1916} { 1917} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/millikan.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1921} { 1922} { \includegraphics [width=6cm] { files/compton.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1924} { 1925} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/debroglie.jpg} }
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Articoli indipendenti di Einstein e de Broglie
\item $ \nu = \frac { E } { c } , \; \lambda = \frac { h } { p } $
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline09]
\frametitle { Onde di materia}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1916} { 1917} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/millikan.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1921} { 1922} { \includegraphics [width=6cm] { files/compton.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1924} { 1925} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/debroglie.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1925} { 1926} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/schroedinger.jpg} }
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Equazione di Schroedinger
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [timeline09]
\frametitle { Onde di materia}
%---------------------timeline----------------%
\startchronology [align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
%
\chronograduation [event] [dateselevation=0pt] { 1}
%---------------------periods----------------%
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1916} { 1917} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/millikan.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1921} { 1922} { \includegraphics [width=6cm] { files/compton.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1924} { 1925} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/debroglie.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1925} { 1926} { \includegraphics [width=4cm] { files/schroedinger.jpg} }
\chronoperiode [textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false] { 1927} { 1928} { Esperimento di Davisson e Germer}
%
\stopchronology
\begin { itemize}
\item Un fascio di elettroni attraversa un cristallo di nichel
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\subsection { L'atomo di idrogeno}
%
\begin { frame} [idrogeno]
\frametitle { Modelli \onslide <4->{ e osservazione} }
\begin { tikzpicture} [every node/.style={ inner sep=0,outer sep=0} ]
\node at (0,0) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/bohr.jpg} } ;
\onslide <2->\node at (1,0.5) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/debroglie.jpg} } ;
\onslide <3->\node at (2,1) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/schroedinger.jpg} } ;
\onslide <4->\node at (3,1.5) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/idrogeno.jpg} } ;
\onslide <5->\node at (4,1.5) () { \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/idrogeno_ esperimento.jpg} } ;
\end { tikzpicture}
\begin { itemize}
\onslide <4->{ \item 2013}
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\begin { frame} [risorse]
\frametitle { Risorse didattiche}
\begin { itemize}
\onslide <1->{ \item \href { http://scienzapertutti.infn.it/3-esperimenti-delle-due-fenditure-per-fotoni-ed-elettroni} { \textcolor { inaf} { Esperimento della doppia fenditura - Scienza per tutti} } }
\onslide <2->{
\begin { itemize}
\item \href { https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/young-s-double-slit-experiment-introduction-worksheet-for-6th-form-as-physics-11474274} { \textcolor { inaf} { Young's double slit experiment introduction worksheet for 6th form AS Physics} }
\onslide <3->{ \item \href { https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/the-original-double-slit-experiment-6328282} { \textcolor { inaf} { The Original Double Slit Experiment} } }
\end { itemize} }
\onslide <4>{ \item \href { http://astroedu.iau.org/it/activities/1502/rompiamo-le-particelle/} { \textcolor { inaf} { Rompiamo le particelle - astroEDU} } }
\end { itemize}
\end { frame}
%
\section { Bibliografia}
%
\begin { frame} [bibliografia]
\frametitle { Bibliografia}
\begin { center}
{ \includegraphics [width=5cm] { files/mondo_ quantistico.jpg} }
\end { center}
\end { frame}
\end { document}