409 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
409 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Nas con samba
|
|
|
|
## Impostare IP statico
|
|
|
|
Collegarsi al raspberry via ssh, quindi modificare il seguente file, aggiungendo le righe sottostanti:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
|
|
|
|
interface wlan0
|
|
static ip_address=192.168.1.107/24
|
|
static routers=192.168.1.1
|
|
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1 5.2.75.75
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Identificare e partizionare i dischi
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
fdisk -l
|
|
|
|
Disk /dev/sda: 12.73 TiB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
|
|
Disk model: Generic
|
|
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
|
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
|
|
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
|
|
Disklabel type: gpt
|
|
Disk identifier: 4AE9456D-B7BA-4011-87ED-A73741BAA769
|
|
|
|
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
|
|
/dev/sda1 2048 27344764894 27344762847 12.7T Linux filesystem
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disk /dev/sdb: 12.73 TiB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
|
|
Disk model: Generic
|
|
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
|
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
|
|
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
|
|
Disklabel type: gpt
|
|
Disk identifier: 1499002A-74AD-446F-994F-F07DF88B7E16
|
|
```
|
|
È possibile identificare i dischi anche con altri comandi:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
lsblk -f
|
|
|
|
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
|
|
sda
|
|
sdb
|
|
mmcblk0
|
|
|-mmcblk0p1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224.3M 12% /boot
|
|
`-mmcblk0p2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 54.4G 3% /
|
|
|
|
blkid
|
|
|
|
/dev/mmcblk0p1: LABEL_FATBOOT="bootfs" LABEL="bootfs" UUID="37CA-39EC" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="be140fba-01"
|
|
/dev/mmcblk0p2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="be140fba-02"
|
|
/dev/sda: PTUUID="4ae9456d-b7ba-4011-87ed-a73741baa769" PTTYPE="gpt"
|
|
/dev/sdb: PTUUID="1499002a-74ad-446f-994f-f07df88b7e16" PTTYPE="gpt"
|
|
```
|
|
### Partizionare i dischi
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
fdisk /dev/sda
|
|
|
|
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
|
|
|
|
Command (m for help): m
|
|
|
|
Help:
|
|
|
|
GPT
|
|
M enter protective/hybrid MBR
|
|
|
|
Generic
|
|
d delete a partition
|
|
F list free unpartitioned space
|
|
l list known partition types
|
|
n add a new partition
|
|
p print the partition table
|
|
t change a partition type
|
|
v verify the partition table
|
|
i print information about a partition
|
|
|
|
Misc
|
|
m print this menu
|
|
x extra functionality (experts only)
|
|
|
|
Script
|
|
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
|
|
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
|
|
|
|
Save & Exit
|
|
w write table to disk and exit
|
|
q quit without saving changes
|
|
|
|
Create a new label
|
|
g create a new empty GPT partition table
|
|
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
|
|
o create a new empty DOS partition table
|
|
s create a new empty Sun partition table
|
|
|
|
|
|
Command (m for help): g
|
|
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 4D12D92A-E17B-114E-8805-762CC6E5A690).
|
|
|
|
Command (m for help): n
|
|
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
|
|
First sector (2048-27344764894, default 2048):
|
|
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-27344764894, default 27344764894):
|
|
|
|
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 12.7 TiB.
|
|
|
|
Command (m for help): w
|
|
The partition table has been altered.
|
|
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
|
|
Syncing disks.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Dopo aver partizionato anche `/dev/sdb`:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
lsblk -f
|
|
|
|
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
|
|
sda
|
|
`-sda1
|
|
sdb
|
|
`-sdb1
|
|
mmcblk0
|
|
|-mmcblk0p1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224.3M 12% /boot
|
|
`-mmcblk0p2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 54.4G 3% /
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Formattare il disco
|
|
|
|
Assicurarsi che entrambi i dispositivi siano smontati:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
umount /dev/sda
|
|
umount: /dev/sda: not mounted.
|
|
|
|
umount /dev/sdb
|
|
umount: /dev/sdb: not mounted.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Quindi formattarli in `ext4`:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
mkfs.ext4 -L "NAS1" /dev/sda1 -v
|
|
|
|
mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
|
|
fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4', 'big'
|
|
Filesystem label=NAS1
|
|
OS type: Linux
|
|
Block size=4096 (log=2)
|
|
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
|
|
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
|
|
427261952 inodes, 3418095355 blocks
|
|
170904767 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
|
|
First data block=0
|
|
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
|
|
104312 block groups
|
|
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
|
|
4096 inodes per group
|
|
Filesystem UUID: 95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260
|
|
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
|
|
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
|
|
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
|
|
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632,
|
|
2560000000
|
|
|
|
Allocating group tables: done
|
|
Writing inode tables: done
|
|
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
|
|
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
|
|
```
|
|
### Verificare la formattazione
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
file -sL /dev/sda1
|
|
/dev/sda1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260, volume name "NAS1" (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files)
|
|
|
|
file -sL /dev/sdb1
|
|
/dev/sdb1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=c2ccecd7-5ce2-4441-a134-f8d293831aea, volume name "NAS2" (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## fstab
|
|
|
|
Creare i punti di mount nella cartella `/srv/`:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
root@iron:/# cd /srv/
|
|
root@iron:/srv# mkdir private/
|
|
root@iron:/srv# mkdir public/
|
|
```
|
|
Procedere quindi a modificare il file fstab:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
root@iron:/media# cat /etc/fstab
|
|
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
|
|
PARTUUID=be140fba-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
|
|
PARTUUID=be140fba-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
|
|
|
|
# I due dischi
|
|
|
|
UUID=95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260 /srv/private/ ext4 defaults 0 2
|
|
UUID=c2ccecd7-5ce2-4441-a134-f8d293831aea /srv/public/ ext4 defaults 0 2
|
|
```
|
|
Se, provando a montare i dischi non vengono restituiti errori, la procedura è avvenuta correttamente e i dischi verranno montati automaticamente all'avvio:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
root@iron:/media# mount /srv/private/
|
|
root@iron:/media# mount /srv/public/
|
|
|
|
root@iron:/media# lsblk -f
|
|
|
|
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
|
|
sda
|
|
`-sda1 ext4 1.0 NAS1 95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260 12T 0% /srv/private
|
|
sdb
|
|
`-sdb1 ext4 1.0 NAS2 c2ccecd7-5ce2-4441-a134-f8d293831aea 12T 0% /srv/public
|
|
mmcblk0
|
|
|-mmcblk0p1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224.3M 12% /boot
|
|
`-mmcblk0p2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 54.4G 3% /
|
|
|
|
root@iron:/media# mount -t ext4
|
|
|
|
/dev/mmcblk0p2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime)
|
|
/dev/sda1 on /srv/private type ext4 (rw,relatime)
|
|
/dev/sdb1 on /srv/public type ext4 (rw,relatime)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Configurazione di samba
|
|
|
|
Installare i seguenti paccchetti:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
root@iron:/media# apt install samba samba-common-bin cifs-utils
|
|
|
|
Reading package lists... Done
|
|
Building dependency tree... Done
|
|
Reading state information... Done
|
|
cifs-utils is already the newest version (2:6.11-3.1+deb11u1).
|
|
The following additional packages will be installed:
|
|
attr ibverbs-providers libavahi-client3 libboost-iostreams1.74.0 libboost-thread1.74.0 libcephfs2 libcups2
|
|
libgfapi0 libgfrpc0 libgfxdr0 libglusterfs0 libibverbs1 libldb2 librados2 librdmacm1 libtdb1 liburing1
|
|
python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dnspython python3-gpg python3-ldb python3-markdown
|
|
python3-pygments python3-requests-toolbelt python3-samba python3-talloc python3-tdb python3-yaml samba-common
|
|
samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs samba-vfs-modules tdb-tools
|
|
Suggested packages:
|
|
cups-common python-cryptography-doc python3-cryptography-vectors python3-sniffio python3-trio python-markdown-doc
|
|
python-pygments-doc ttf-bitstream-vera bind9 bind9utils ctdb ldb-tools ntp | chrony smbldap-tools ufw winbind
|
|
heimdal-clients
|
|
The following NEW packages will be installed:
|
|
attr ibverbs-providers libavahi-client3 libboost-iostreams1.74.0 libboost-thread1.74.0 libcephfs2 libcups2
|
|
libgfapi0 libgfrpc0 libgfxdr0 libglusterfs0 libibverbs1 libldb2 librados2 librdmacm1 libtdb1 liburing1
|
|
python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dnspython python3-gpg python3-ldb python3-markdown
|
|
python3-pygments python3-requests-toolbelt python3-samba python3-talloc python3-tdb python3-yaml samba
|
|
samba-common samba-common-bin samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs samba-vfs-modules tdb-tools
|
|
0 upgraded, 36 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
|
|
Need to get 29.6 MB of archives.
|
|
After this operation, 113 MB of additional disk space will be used.
|
|
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
|
|
```
|
|
### Global section
|
|
|
|
In `/etc/samba/smb.conf` aggiungere:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
[global]
|
|
#allow hosts = 192.168.1.0/24
|
|
workgroup = WORKGROUP
|
|
security = USER
|
|
server string = FILE SERVER
|
|
create mask = 0755
|
|
browsable = no
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Share section
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
[private]
|
|
comment = Cartella condivisa
|
|
path = /srv/private
|
|
browsable = no
|
|
read only = no
|
|
writable = yes
|
|
guest ok = no
|
|
create mask = 0775
|
|
valid users = @samba
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Verificare che la configurazione sia corretta col comando:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
testparm
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Quindi riavviare i servizi:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
systemctl restart smbd.service
|
|
systemctl restart nmbd.service
|
|
|
|
# oppure
|
|
|
|
systemctl restart smbd nmbd
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Aggiunta utente
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
adduser davide --home=/home/public --shell=/bin/false --disabled-password
|
|
|
|
Adding user `davide' ...
|
|
Adding new group `davide' (1001) ...
|
|
Adding new user `davide' (1001) with group `davide' ...
|
|
Creating home directory `/home/public' ...
|
|
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
|
|
Changing the user information for davide
|
|
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
|
|
Full Name []:
|
|
Room Number []:
|
|
Work Phone []:
|
|
Home Phone []:
|
|
Other []:
|
|
Is the information correct? [Y/n]
|
|
```
|
|
#### Assegnare una password all'utente
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
smbpasswd -a davide
|
|
|
|
New SMB password:
|
|
Retype new SMB password:
|
|
Added user davide.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Aggiungere l'utente al gruppo samba
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
usermod -aG samba utente
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Assegnare la cartella condivisa all'utente
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
chown davide:samba /srv/private/
|
|
chmod -R 770 /srv/private/
|
|
ls -lh1 /srv/private/
|
|
total 20K
|
|
drwxrwx--- 2 davide davide 4.0K Mar 26 17:46 files
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Montare automaticamente la cartella condivisa
|
|
|
|
Installare sul client i seguenti pacchetti:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
sudo apt-get install cifs-utils smb4k
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Creare nella propria home un file `.smbcredentials` coi seguenti dati:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
username=shareuser
|
|
password=sharepassword
|
|
domain=workgroupname
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Quindi `chmod 0600 ~/.smbcredentials`.
|
|
|
|
Modificare il file `/etc/fstab` nel seguente modo:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
cat /etc/fstab
|
|
#
|
|
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
|
|
|
|
//192.168.1.107/private/ /media/davide/samba cifs credentials=/home/davide/.smbcredentials,uid=davide,gid=davide 0 0
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Infine dare il comando `sudo mount -a`. La cartella dovrebbe essere correttamente montata.
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
sudo mount -a
|
|
|
|
mount: (hint) your fstab has been modified, but systemd still uses
|
|
the old version; use 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Connettersi tramite file manager
|
|
|
|
Inserire nel path:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
smb://server/share_folder/
|
|
|
|
|
|
smb://192.168.1.107/private/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Collegamenti
|
|
|
|
- [https://linuxhint.com/raspberry_pi_static_ip_setup/](https://linuxhint.com/raspberry_pi_static_ip_setup/)
|
|
- [https://askubuntu.com/questions/157128/proper-fstab-entry-to-mount-a-samba-share-on-boot](https://askubuntu.com/questions/157128/proper-fstab-entry-to-mount-a-samba-share-on-boot)
|
|
- [https://noviello.it/come-installare-e-configurare-samba-server-su-ubuntu-18-04-lts/](https://noviello.it/come-installare-e-configurare-samba-server-su-ubuntu-18-04-lts/)
|
|
- [https://www.howtogeek.com/50787/add-a-user-to-a-group-or-second-group-on-linux/](https://www.howtogeek.com/50787/add-a-user-to-a-group-or-second-group-on-linux/)
|