debian minimal installation

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piccihud 2023-04-27 19:05:09 +02:00
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# Debian minimale
La iso può essere scaricata da qui: [https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/images-including-firmware/current/amd64/iso-cd/](https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/images-including-firmware/current/amd64/iso-cd/)
Oppure esiste anche la mini.iso, dal peso di circa 50 MB: [https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/](https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/)
Selezionare `Advance options ...`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian1.png)
quindi `Expert install`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian2.png)
Impostare la lingua desiderata. Qui sarà scelta la lingua *italiana*. Lo stesso vale per il layout della tastiera.
Il punto successivo, *Access software for a blind person using a braille display* può essere eluso
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian3.png)
Rilevare e montare i supporti di installazione
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian4.png)
Caricare i seguenti moduli aggiuntivi, che tuttavia, come specificato nella descrizione, non sono necessari
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian5.png)
Configurare la rete automaticamente, tramite il DHCP
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian6.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian7.png)
Stabilire il nome dell'host
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian8.png)
Abilitare le `shadow password`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian9.png)
Non permettere l'accesso a root
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian10.png)
Stabilire il nome dell'utente e assegnarli una password
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian11.png)
### Partizionamento manuale
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian12.png)
Selezionare il disco corretto
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian13.png)
Creare una nuova tabella delle partizioni di tipo `GPT`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian14.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian15.png)
Selezionare nuovamente il disco e creare la partizione `/boot/efi`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian16.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian17.png)
100 MB sono sufficienti
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian18.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian19.png)
Completare il partizionamento. Importante che sia avviabile
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian20.png)
Procedere allo stesso modo per la partizione `/boot`, sempre di 100 MB. Usare come file-system `ext2`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian21.png)
Quindi creare la partizione di root `/`. Volendo è possibile creare una partizione `/home` separata.
Come file-system va benissimo sia `ext4` che `btrfs`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian22.png)
#### Cifrare la partizione root
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian23.png)
Selezionare la partizione `/`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian24.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian25.png)
Dopo aver completato la cifratura, selezionare il volume e assegnargli il punto di mount corretto e pure il tipo di file-system
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian26.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian27.png)
Saltare la creazione della partizione di swap
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian28.png)
Proseguire con l'installazione del sistema di base
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian29.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian30.png)
Per evitare problemi di compatibilità, installare tutti di driver disponibili
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian31.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian32.png)
### Configurare il gestore pachetti
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian33.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian34.png)
Utilizzare il *software non libero* a scelta, in base anche al proprio hardware
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian35.png)
Abilitare anche i software *backported*
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian36.png)
Installare automaticamente gli aggiornamenti di sicurezza
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian37.png)
Per un installazione minimale, selezionare solo `Utilità di sistema standard`. Il DE verrà installato successivamente
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian38.png)
### Installazione di GRUB
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian39.png)
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian40.png)
Terminare quindi l'installazione
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian41.png)
#### Configurazioni di GRUB
Dopo aver avviato il pc, modificare il file `/etc/default/grub` in questo modo:
```bash
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
```
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian42.png)
Dare quindi il comando `sudo update-grub` e riavviare la macchina.
In questo caso GRUB non verrà mostrato all'avvio e ci si troverà davanti immediatamente la schermata per de-crittografare la partizione `/`
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian43.png)
Questa la situazione finale dei dischi
![debian](./asset/minidebian/debian44.png)
### Debian Testing
Per Debian testing, modificare il file `/etc/apt/sources.list` nel seguente modo:
```bash
# Debian testing
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Aggiornamenti di sicurezza
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security testing-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security testing-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Gli aggiornamenti raccomandati per testing (testing-updates) sono disabilitati
```
## Collegamenti
- [https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2020/06/hide-grub-boot-menu-ubuntu-20-04-lts/](https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2020/06/hide-grub-boot-menu-ubuntu-20-04-lts/)
- [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/577379/how-can-i-install-debian-with-full-disk-encryption-and-a-custom-sized-swapfile](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/577379/how-can-i-install-debian-with-full-disk-encryption-and-a-custom-sized-swapfile)
- [https://it.linux-console.net/?p=2525](https://it.linux-console.net/?p=2525)
- [https://debian-handbook.info/browse/it-IT/stable/sect.installation-steps.html](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/it-IT/stable/sect.installation-steps.html)
- [https://www.blakehartshorn.com/installing-debian-on-existing-encrypted-lvm/](https://www.blakehartshorn.com/installing-debian-on-existing-encrypted-lvm/)
- [https://www.paritybit.ca/blog/debian-with-btrfs](https://www.paritybit.ca/blog/debian-with-btrfs)
- [https://guide.debianizzati.org/index.php/Installare_Debian:_configurazione_LVM](https://guide.debianizzati.org/index.php/Installare_Debian:_configurazione_LVM)