121 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
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# Formattare un device da terminale
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## Identificare la periferica
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Per identificare la periferica in questione si possono utilizzare diversi comandi:
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```bash
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sudo fdisk -l
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sudo blkid
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df
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```
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Ecco un esempio:
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```bash
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sudo blkid
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[sudo] password di davide:
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/dev/mapper/luks-44d72477-5d0f-4d0d-a54b-f721a7e5a320: UUID="cd370d97-dd7c-41d1-9b53-1504c89f64fd" TYPE="swap"
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/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="487ce502-4541-488c-b07f-ea2ac4e91b9f" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTUUID="0559b9a4-01"
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/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="44d72477-5d0f-4d0d-a54b-f721a7e5a320" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTUUID="0559b9a4-02"
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/dev/mapper/luks-487ce502-4541-488c-b07f-ea2ac4e91b9f: UUID="ce884a78-4404-4ea9-b6e7-d543bfb38a41" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
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/dev/sda1: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2022-12-17-13-13-38-00" LABEL="d-live nf 11.6.0 kd amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="66641822" PTTYPE="dos" PARTUUID="66641822-01"
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/dev/sda2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="DEB0-0001" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="66641822-02"
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```
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oppure
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```bash
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df
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File system 1K-blocchi Usati Disponib. Uso% Montato su
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udev 7084012 0 7084012 0% /dev
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tmpfs 1426036 2380 1423656 1% /run
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/dev/dm-0 446217344 113436124 310041144 27% /
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tmpfs 7130160 6748 7123412 1% /dev/shm
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tmpfs 5120 16 5104 1% /run/lock
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tmpfs 1426032 164 1425868 1% /run/user/1000
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/dev/sda1 3600960 3600960 0 100% /media/davide/d-live nf 11.6.0 kd amd64
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```
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La chiavetta USB è identificata in questo caso come `/dev/sda` (/dev/sda1 e /dev/sda2 sono le due partizioni).
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## Formattazione della periferica
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Smontare la chiavetta USB:
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```bash
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sudo umount /dev/sda
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```
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### NTFS
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Smontata la chiavetta dal sistema, digitare:
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```bash
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mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda -v
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```
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### EXT4
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```bash
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda -v
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```
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Un esempio:
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```bash
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sudo mkfs.ext4 -L "DAVIDE4GB" /dev/sda -v
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mke2fs 1.46.6 (1-Feb-2023)
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fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4'
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/dev/sda contains a ext4 file system
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last mounted on Sun Mar 19 12:18:08 2023
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Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
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Filesystem label=DAVIDE4GB
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OS type: Linux
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Block size=4096 (log=2)
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Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
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Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
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237104 inodes, 947456 blocks
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47372 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
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First data block=0
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Maximum filesystem blocks=970981376
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29 block groups
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32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
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8176 inodes per group
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Filesystem UUID: 62fd2424-ae9d-45f8-84d9-5a3b63020661
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
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32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
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Allocating group tables: done
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Writing inode tables: done
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Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
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```
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dove `-L` specifica il nome del filesystem, così che sia identificabile più facilmente. L'opzione `-v` indica *verbose*.
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## Verificare la Formattazione
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```bash
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sudo fsck /dev/sda
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sudo fsck /dev/sda
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fsck da util-linux 2.38.1
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e2fsck 1.46.6 (1-Feb-2023)
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/dev/sda is mounted.
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e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
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```
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Oppure col comando:
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```bash
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sudo file -sL /dev/sda
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```
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## Collegamenti
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- [https://www.chimerarevo.com/guide/linux-formattare-pendrive-usb-terminale-411029/](https://www.chimerarevo.com/guide/linux-formattare-pendrive-usb-terminale-411029/)
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- [https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-format-usb](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-format-usb)
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- [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/File_systems](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/File_systems)
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- [https://linuxhandbook.com/mkfs-command/](https://linuxhandbook.com/mkfs-command/)
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- [https://www.thegeekdiary.com/mkfs-ext4-command-examples-in-linux/](https://www.thegeekdiary.com/mkfs-ext4-command-examples-in-linux/)
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