add mount.md

mount.md

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+# Formattare un device da terminale
+
+## Identificare la periferica
+
+Per identificare la periferica in questione si possono utilizzare diversi comandi:
+
+```bash
+sudo fdisk -l
+
+sudo blkid
+
+df
+```
+Ecco un esempio:
+
+```bash
+sudo blkid
+
+[sudo] password di davide: 
+/dev/mapper/luks-44d72477-5d0f-4d0d-a54b-f721a7e5a320: UUID="cd370d97-dd7c-41d1-9b53-1504c89f64fd" TYPE="swap"
+/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="487ce502-4541-488c-b07f-ea2ac4e91b9f" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTUUID="0559b9a4-01"
+/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="44d72477-5d0f-4d0d-a54b-f721a7e5a320" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTUUID="0559b9a4-02"
+/dev/mapper/luks-487ce502-4541-488c-b07f-ea2ac4e91b9f: UUID="ce884a78-4404-4ea9-b6e7-d543bfb38a41" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
+/dev/sda1: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2022-12-17-13-13-38-00" LABEL="d-live nf 11.6.0 kd amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="66641822" PTTYPE="dos" PARTUUID="66641822-01"
+/dev/sda2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="DEB0-0001" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="66641822-02"
+```
+oppure
+
+```bash
+df
+
+File system    1K-blocchi     Usati Disponib. Uso% Montato su
+udev              7084012         0   7084012   0% /dev
+tmpfs             1426036      2380   1423656   1% /run
+/dev/dm-0       446217344 113436124 310041144  27% /
+tmpfs             7130160      6748   7123412   1% /dev/shm
+tmpfs                5120        16      5104   1% /run/lock
+tmpfs             1426032       164   1425868   1% /run/user/1000
+/dev/sda1         3600960   3600960         0 100% /media/davide/d-live nf 11.6.0 kd amd64
+```
+La chiavetta USB è identificata in questo caso come `/dev/sda` (/dev/sda1 e /dev/sda2 sono le due partizioni).
+
+## Formattazione della periferica
+
+Smontare la chiavetta USB:
+
+```bash
+sudo umount /dev/sda
+```
+
+### NTFS
+
+Smontata la chiavetta dal sistema, digitare:
+
+```bash
+mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda -v
+```
+### EXT4
+
+```bash
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda -v
+```
+
+Un esempio:
+
+```bash
+sudo mkfs.ext4 -L "DAVIDE4GB" /dev/sda -v
+
+mke2fs 1.46.6 (1-Feb-2023)
+fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4'
+/dev/sda contains a ext4 file system
+        last mounted on Sun Mar 19 12:18:08 2023
+Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
+Filesystem label=DAVIDE4GB
+OS type: Linux
+Block size=4096 (log=2)
+Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
+Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
+237104 inodes, 947456 blocks
+47372 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
+First data block=0
+Maximum filesystem blocks=970981376
+29 block groups
+32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
+8176 inodes per group
+Filesystem UUID: 62fd2424-ae9d-45f8-84d9-5a3b63020661
+Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
+        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
+
+Allocating group tables: done                            
+Writing inode tables: done                            
+Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
+Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 
+```
+dove `-L` specifica il nome del filesystem, così che sia identificabile più facilmente. L'opzione `-v` indica *verbose*.
+
+## Verificare la Formattazione
+
+```bash
+sudo fsck /dev/sda
+
+sudo fsck /dev/sda 
+fsck da util-linux 2.38.1
+e2fsck 1.46.6 (1-Feb-2023)
+/dev/sda is mounted.
+e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
+```
+Oppure col comando:
+
+```bash
+sudo file -sL /dev/sda
+```
+
+## Collegamenti
+
+- [https://www.chimerarevo.com/guide/linux-formattare-pendrive-usb-terminale-411029/](https://www.chimerarevo.com/guide/linux-formattare-pendrive-usb-terminale-411029/)
+- [https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-format-usb](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-format-usb)
+- [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/File_systems](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/File_systems)
+- [https://linuxhandbook.com/mkfs-command/](https://linuxhandbook.com/mkfs-command/)
+- [https://www.thegeekdiary.com/mkfs-ext4-command-examples-in-linux/](https://www.thegeekdiary.com/mkfs-ext4-command-examples-in-linux/)