More jdf changes.
This commit is contained in:
Christopher Faylor
parent
4fdd96e618
commit
f6b5a68428
@ -268,12 +268,12 @@ The format for ACL output is as follows:
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<screen>
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Usage: kill [-f] [-signal] [-s signal] pid1 [pid2 ...]
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kill -l [signal]
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-f, --force force, using win32 interface if necessary
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-l, --list print a list of signal names
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-s, --signal send signal (use kill --list for a list)
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-h, --help output usage information and exit
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-v, --version output version information and exit
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kill -l [signal]
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-f, --force force, using win32 interface if necessary
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-l, --list print a list of signal names
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-s, --signal send signal (use kill --list for a list)
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-h, --help output usage information and exit
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-v, --version output version information and exit
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</screen>
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<para>The <command>kill</command> program allows you to send arbitrary
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@ -388,9 +388,11 @@ One of `-l' or `-d' must be given on NT/W2K.
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<para>The <command>mkgroup</command> program can be used to help
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configure your Windows system to be more UNIX-like by creating an
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initial <filename>/etc/group</filename> substitute (some commands need this
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file) from your system information. It only works on NT.
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To initially set up your machine,
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you'd do something like this:</para>
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file) from your system information. It only works on the NT series
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(Windows NT, 2000, and XP). <command>mkgroup</command> does not work on
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the Win9x series (Windows 95, 98, and Me) because they lack the security model
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to support it. To initially set up your machine, you'd do something like
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this:</para>
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<example><title>Setting up the groups file</title>
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<screen>
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@ -405,7 +407,16 @@ for it to have the new information.</para>
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<para>The <literal>-d</literal> and <literal>-l</literal> options
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allow you to specify where the information comes from, either the
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local machine or the default (or given) domain.</para>
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local machine or the default (or given) domain. The <literal>-o</literal>
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option allows for special cases (such as multiple domains) where the GIDs
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might match otherwise. The <literal>-s</literal>
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option omits the NT Security Identifier (SID). For more information on
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SIDs, see <Xref Linkend="ntsec"> in the Cygwin User's Guide. The
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<literal>-u</literal> option causes <command>mkgroup</command> to
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enumerate the users for each group, placing the group members in the
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gr_mem (last) field. Note that this can greatly increase
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the time for <command>mkgroup</command> to run in a large domain.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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@ -438,8 +449,11 @@ One of `-l', `-d' or `-g' must be given on NT/W2K.
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<para>The <command>mkpasswd</command> program can be used to help
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configure your Windows system to be more UNIX-like by creating an
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initial <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> substitute (some commands
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need this file) from your system information. It only works on NT.
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To initially set up your machine, you'd do something like this:</para>
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need this file) from your system information. It only works on the NT series
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(Windows NT, 2000, and XP). <command>mkpasswd</command> does not work on
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the Win9x series (Windows 95, 98, and Me) because they lack the security model
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to support it. To initially set up your machine, you'd do something like
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this:</para>
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<example><title>Setting up the passwd file</title>
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<screen>
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@ -454,7 +468,221 @@ for it to have the new information.</para>
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<para>The <literal>-d</literal> and <literal>-l</literal> options
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allow you to specify where the information comes from, either the
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local machine or the default (or given) domain.</para>
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local machine or the default (or given) domain. The <literal>-o</literal>
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option allows for special cases (such as multiple domains) where the UIDs
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might match otherwise. The <literal>-g</literal> option creates a local
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user that corresponds to each local group. This is because NT assigns groups
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file ownership. The <literal>-m</literal> option bypasses the current
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mount table so that, for example, two users who have a Windows home
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directory of H: could mount them differently. The <literal>-s</literal>
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option omits the NT Security Identifier (SID). For more information on
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SIDs, see <Xref Linkend="ntsec"> in the Cygwin User's Guide. The
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<literal>-p</literal> option causes <command>mkpasswd</command> to
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use a prefix other than <literal>/home/</literal>. For example, this command:
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<example><title>Using an alternate home root</title>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>mkpasswd -l -p "$(cygpath -H)" > /etc/passwd</userinput>
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</screen>
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</example>
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would put local users' home directories in the Windows 'Profiles' directory.
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The <literal>-u</literal> option allows <command>mkpasswd</command> to
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search for a specific username, greatly reducing the amount of time it
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takes in a large domain.
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="mount"><title>mount</title>
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<screen>
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Usage: mount [OPTION] [<win32path> <posixpath>]
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-b, --binary text files are equivalent to binary files
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(newline = \n)
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-c, --change-cygdrive-prefix change the cygdrive path prefix to <posixpath>
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-f, --force force mount, don't warn about missing mount
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point directories
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-h, --help output usage information and exit
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-m, --mount-commands write mount commands to replace user and
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system mount points and cygdrive prefixes
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-p, --show-cygdrive-prefix show user and/or system cygdrive path prefix
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-s, --system (default) add system-wide mount point
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-t, --text (default) text files get \r\n line endings
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-u, --user add user-only mount point
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-v, --version output version information and exit
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-x, --executable treat all files under mount point as executables
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-E, --no-executable treat all files under mount point as
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non-executables
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-X, --cygwin-executable treat all files under mount point as cygwin
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executables
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</screen>
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<para>The <command>mount</command> program is used to map your drives
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and shares onto Cygwin's simulated POSIX directory tree, much like as is
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done by mount commands on typical UNIX systems. Please see
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<Xref Linkend="mount-table"> for more information on the concepts
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behind the Cygwin POSIX file system and strategies for using
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mounts.</para>
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<sect3><title>Using mount</title>
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<para>If you just type <command>mount</command> with no parameters, it
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will display the current mount table for you.</para>
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<example>
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<title>Displaying the current set of mount points</title>
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<screen>
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<prompt>c:\cygwin\></prompt> <userinput>mount</userinput>
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c:\cygwin\bin on /usr/bin type system (binmode)
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c:\cygwin\lib on /usr/lib type system (binmode)
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c:\cygwin on / type system (binmode)
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c: on /c type user (binmode,noumount)
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d: on /d type user (binmode,noumount)
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</screen>
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</example>
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<para>In this example, c:\cygwin is the POSIX root and D drive is mapped to
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<filename>/d</filename>. Note that in this case, the root mount is a
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system-wide mount point that is visible to all users running Cygwin
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programs, whereas the <filename>/d</filename> mount is only visible
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to the current user.</para>
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<para>The <command>mount</command> utility is also the mechanism for
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adding new mounts to the mount table. The following example
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demonstrates how to mount the directory
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<filename>\\pollux\home\joe\data</filename> to <filename>/data</filename>.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Adding mount points</title>
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<screen>
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<prompt>c:\cygwin\></prompt> <userinput>ls /data</userinput>
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ls: /data: No such file or directory
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<prompt>c:\cygwin\></prompt> <userinput>mount \\pollux\home\joe\data /data</userinput>
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mount: warning - /data does not exist!
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<prompt>c:\cygwin\></prompt> <userinput>mount</userinput>
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\\pollux\home\joe\data on /data type sytem (binmode)
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c:\cygwin\bin on /usr/bin type system (binmode)
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c:\cygwin\lib on /usr/lib type system (binmode)
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c:\cygwin on / type system (binmode)
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c: on /c type user (binmode,noumount)
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d: on /d type user (binmode,noumount)
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</screen>
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</example>
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<para>Note that <command>mount</command> was invoked from the Windows
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command shell in the previous example. In many Unix shells, including
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bash, it is legal and convenient to use the forward "/" in Win32
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pathnames since the "\" is the shell's escape character. </para>
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<para>The <literal>-s</literal> flag to <command>mount</command> is used to add a mount
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in the system-wide mount table used by all Cygwin users on the system,
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instead of the user-specific one. System-wide mounts are displayed
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by <command>mount</command> as being of the "system" type, as is the
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case for the <filename>/</filename> partition in the last example.
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Under Windows NT, only those users with Administrator priviledges are
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permitted to modify the system-wide mount table.</para>
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<para>Note that a given POSIX path may only exist once in the user
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table and once in the global, system-wide table. Attempts to replace
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the mount will fail with a busy error. The <literal>-f</literal> (force) flag causes
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the old mount to be silently replaced with the new one. It will also
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silence warnings about the non-existence of directories at the Win32
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path location.</para>
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<para>The <literal>-b</literal> flag is used to instruct Cygwin to treat binary and
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text files in the same manner by default. Binary mode mounts are
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marked as "binmode" in the Flags column of <command>mount</command>
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output. By default, mounts are in text mode ("textmode" in the Flags
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column).</para>
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<para>Normally, files ending in certain extensions (.exe, .com, .bat, .cmd)
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are assumed to be executable. Files whose first two characters begin with
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'#!' are also considered to be executable.
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The <literal>-x</literal> flag is used to instruct Cygwin that the
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mounted file is "executable". If the <literal>-x</literal> flag is used
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with a directory then all files in the directory are executable.
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This option allows other files to be marked as executable and avoids the
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overhead of opening each file to check for a '#!'. The <literal>-X</literal>
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option is very similar to <literal>-x</literal>, but also prevents Cygwin
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from setting up commands and environment variables for a normal Windows
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program, adding another small performance gain. The opposite of these
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flags is the <literal>-E</literal> flag, which means that no files should be
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marked as executable. </para>
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<para>
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The <literal>-m</literal> option causes the <command>mount</command> utility
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to output a series of commands that could recreate both user and system mount
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points. You can save this output as a backup when experimenting with the
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mount table. It also makes moving your settings to a different machine
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much easier.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Cygdrive mount points</title>
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<para>Whenever Cygwin cannot use any of the existing mounts to convert
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from a particular Win32 path to a POSIX one, Cygwin will, instead,
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convert to a POSIX path using a default mount point:
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<filename>/cygdrive</filename>. For example, if Cygwin accesses
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<filename>z:\foo</filename> and the z drive is not currently in the
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mount table, then <filename>z:\</filename> will be accessible as
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<filename>/cygdrive/z</filename>. The <command>mount</command> utility
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can be used to change this default automount prefix through the use of the
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"--change-cygdrive-prefix" option. In the following example, we will
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set the automount prefix to <filename>/</filename>:</para>
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<example>
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<title>Changing the default prefix</title>
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<screen>
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<prompt>c:\cygwin\></prompt> <userinput>mount --change-cygdrive-prefix /</userinput>
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</screen>
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</example>
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<para>Note that you if you set a new prefix in this manner, you can
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specify the <literal>-s</literal> flag to make this the system-wide default
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prefix. By default, the cygdrive-prefix applies only to the current user.
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You can always see the user and system cygdrive prefixes with the
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<literal>-p</literal> option. Using the <literal>-b</literal>
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flag with <literal>--change-cygdrive-prefix</literal> makes all new
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automounted filesystems default to binary mode file accesses.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Limitations</title>
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<para>Limitations: there is a hard-coded limit of 30 mount
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points. Also, although you can mount to pathnames that do not start
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with "/", there is no way to make use of such mount points.</para>
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<para>Normally the POSIX mount point in Cygwin is an existing empty
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directory, as in standard UNIX. If this is the case, or if there is a
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place-holder for the mount point (such as a file, a symbolic link
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pointing anywhere, or a non-empty directory), you will get the expected
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behavior. Files present in a mount point directory before the mount
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become invisible to Cygwin programs.
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</para>
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<para>It is sometimes desirable to mount to a non-existent directory,
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for example to avoid cluttering the root directory with names
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such as
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<filename>a</filename>, <filename>b</filename>, <filename>c</filename>
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pointing to disks.
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Although <command>mount</command> will give you a warning, most
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everything will work properly when you refer to the mount point
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explicitly. Some strange effects can occur however.
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For example if your current working directory is
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<filename>/dir</filename>,
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say, and <filename>/dir/mtpt</filename> is a mount point, then
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<filename>mtpt</filename> will not show up in an <command>ls</command>
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or
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<command>echo *</command> command and <command>find .</command> will
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not
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find <filename>mtpt</filename>.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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@ -535,195 +763,6 @@ some systems.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="mount"><title>mount</title>
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<screen>
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Usage: mount [OPTION] [<win32path> <posixpath>]
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-b, --binary text files are equivalent to binary files
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(newline = \n)
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-c, --change-cygdrive-prefix change the cygdrive path prefix to <posixpath>
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-f, --force force mount, don't warn about missing mount
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point directories
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-h, --help output usage information and exit
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-m, --mount-commands write mount commands to replace user and
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system mount points and cygdrive prefixes
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-p, --show-cygdrive-prefix show user and/or system cygdrive path prefix
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-s, --system (default) add system-wide mount point
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-t, --text (default) text files get \r\n line endings
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-u, --user add user-only mount point
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-v, --version output version information and exit
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-x, --executable treat all files under mount point as executables
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-E, --no-executable treat all files under mount point as
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non-executables
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-X, --cygwin-executable treat all files under mount point as cygwin
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executables
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</screen>
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<para>The <command>mount</command> program is used to map your drives
|
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and shares onto Cygwin's simulated POSIX directory tree, much like as is
|
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done by mount commands on typical UNIX systems. Please see
|
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<Xref Linkend="mount-table"> for more information on the concepts
|
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behind the Cygwin POSIX file system and strategies for using
|
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mounts.</para>
|
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|
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<sect3><title>Using mount</title>
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||||
|
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<para>If you just type <command>mount</command> with no parameters, it
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will display the current mount table for you.</para>
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|
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<example>
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<title>Displaying the current set of mount points</title>
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<screen>
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<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>mount</userinput>
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Device Directory Type Flags
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D: /d user textmode
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C: / system textmode
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</screen>
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</example>
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<para>In this example, the C
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drive is the POSIX root and D drive is mapped to
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<filename>/d</filename>. Note that in this case, the root mount is a
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system-wide mount point that is visible to all users running Cygwin
|
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programs, whereas the <filename>/d</filename> mount is only visible
|
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to the current user.</para>
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<para>The <command>mount</command> utility is also the mechanism for
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adding new mounts to the mount table. The following example
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demonstrates how to mount the directory
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<filename>C:\cygnus\cygwin-b20\H-i586-cygwin32\bin</filename>
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to <filename>/bin</filename> and the network directory
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<filename>\\pollux\home\joe\data</filename> to <filename>/data</filename>.
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<filename>/bin</filename> is assumed to already exist.</para>
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<example>
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<title>Adding mount points</title>
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<screen>
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<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>ls /bin /data</userinput>
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ls: /data: No such file or directory
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<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>mount C:\cygnus\cygwin-b20\H-i586-cygwin32\bin /bin</userinput>
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<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>mount \\pollux\home\joe\data /data</userinput>
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Warning: /data does not exist!
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<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>mount</userinput>
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Device Directory Type Flags
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\\pollux\home\joe\data /data user textmode
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C:\cygnus\cygwin-b20\H-i586-cygwin32\bin /bin user textmode
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D: /d user textmode
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\\.\tape1: /dev/st1 user textmode
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\\.\tape0: /dev/st0 user textmode
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\\.\b: /dev/fd1 user textmode
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\\.\a: /dev/fd0 user textmode
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C: / system textmode
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<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>ls /bin/sh</userinput>
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/bin/sh
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</screen>
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</example>
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|
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<para>Note that <command>mount</command> was invoked from the Windows
|
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command shell in the previous example. In many Unix shells, including
|
||||
bash, it is legal and convenient to use the forward "/" in Win32
|
||||
pathnames since the "\" is the shell's escape character. </para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "-s" flag to <command>mount</command> is used to add a mount
|
||||
in the system-wide mount table used by all Cygwin users on the system,
|
||||
instead of the user-specific one. System-wide mounts are displayed
|
||||
by <command>mount</command> as being of the "system" type, as is the
|
||||
case for the <filename>/</filename> partition in the last example.
|
||||
Under Windows NT, only those users with Administrator priviledges are
|
||||
permitted to modify the system-wide mount table.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Note that a given POSIX path may only exist once in the user
|
||||
table and once in the global, system-wide table. Attempts to replace
|
||||
the mount will fail with a busy error. The "-f" (force) flag causes
|
||||
the old mount to be silently replaced with the new one. It will also
|
||||
silence warnings about the non-existence of directories at the Win32
|
||||
path location.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "-b" flag is used to instruct Cygwin to treat binary and
|
||||
text files in the same manner by default. Binary mode mounts are
|
||||
marked as "binmode" in the Flags column of <command>mount</command>
|
||||
output. By default, mounts are in text mode ("textmode" in the Flags
|
||||
column).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "-x" flag is used to instruct Cygwin that the mounted file
|
||||
is "executable". If the "-x" flag is used with a directory then
|
||||
all files in the directory are executable. Files ending in certain
|
||||
extensions (.exe, .com, .bat, .cmd) are assumed to be executable
|
||||
by default. Files whose first two characters begin with '#!' are
|
||||
also considered to be executable. This option allows other files
|
||||
to be marked as executable and avoids the overhead of opening each
|
||||
file to check for a '#!'.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3><title>Cygdrive mount points</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Whenever Cygwin cannot use any of the existing mounts to convert
|
||||
from a particular Win32 path to a POSIX one, Cygwin will, instead,
|
||||
convert to a POSIX path using a default mount point:
|
||||
<filename>/cygdrive</filename>. For example, if Cygwin accesses
|
||||
<filename>Z:\foo</filename> and the Z drive is not currently in the
|
||||
mount table, then <filename>Z:\</filename> will be accessible as
|
||||
<filename>/cygdrive/Z</filename>. The default prefix of
|
||||
<filename>/cygdrive</filename> may be changed via the
|
||||
<Xref Linkend="mount"> command.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <command>mount</command> utility can be used to change this
|
||||
default automount prefix through the use of the
|
||||
"--change-cygdrive-prefix" flag. In the following example, we will
|
||||
set the automount prefix to <filename>/</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<example>
|
||||
<title>Changing the default prefix</title>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt>c:\cygnus\></prompt> <userinput>mount --change-cygdrive-prefix /</userinput>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Note that you if you set a new prefix in this manner, you can
|
||||
specify the "-s" flag to make this the system-wide default prefix. By
|
||||
default, the cygdrive-prefix applies only to the current user. In the
|
||||
same way, you can specify the "-b" flag such that all new automounted
|
||||
filesystems default to binary mode file accesses.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3><title>Limitations</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Limitations: there is a hard-coded limit of 30 mount
|
||||
points. Also, although you can mount to pathnames that do not start
|
||||
with "/", there is no way to make use of such mount points.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Normally the POSIX mount point in Cygwin is an existing empty
|
||||
directory, as in standard UNIX. If this is the case, or if there is a
|
||||
place-holder for the mount point (such as a file, a symbolic link
|
||||
pointing anywhere, or a non-empty directory), you will get the expected
|
||||
behavior. Files present in a mount point directory before the mount
|
||||
become invisible to Cygwin programs.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>It is sometimes desirable to mount to a non-existent directory,
|
||||
for example to avoid cluttering the root directory with names
|
||||
such as
|
||||
<filename>a</filename>, <filename>b</filename>, <filename>c</filename>
|
||||
pointing to disks.
|
||||
Although <command>mount</command> will give you a warning, most
|
||||
everything will work properly when you refer to the mount point
|
||||
explicitly. Some strange effects can occur however.
|
||||
For example if your current working directory is
|
||||
<filename>/dir</filename>,
|
||||
say, and <filename>/dir/mtpt</filename> is a mount point, then
|
||||
<filename>mtpt</filename> will not show up in an <command>ls</command>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<command>echo *</command> command and <command>find .</command> will
|
||||
not
|
||||
find <filename>mtpt</filename>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="ps"><title>ps</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user