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Major re-write of "Installation using the setup.exe program".

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David Starks-Browning 2000-08-25 13:15:10 +00:00
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@ -5,29 +5,41 @@ Unlike previous net releases such as B20.1 and earlier, there is no
monolithic "full" or "usertools" installation. Rather, you can pick and
choose the packages you wish to install, and update them individually.
The following packages are available with the latest net release:
The following packages are available with the current release, in their
respective directories:
ash, bash, binutils, bison, byacc, bzip2, clear, common, cygwin,
dejagnu, diff, expect, fileutils, findutils, flex, gawk, gcc, gdb,
gperf, grep, groff, gzip, inetutils, less, libpng, login, m4, make, man,
opengl, patch, sed, shellutils, tar, tcltk, termcap, texinfo, textutils,
time, zlib
@table @samp
@item latest
bison common diff flex gperf inetutils make opengl shellutils texinfo
ash byacc crypt expect gawk grep less man patch tar textutils bash bzip2
cygwin fileutils gcc groff login sed tcltk time binutils clear dejagnu
findutils gdb gzip m4 mt termcap vim
@item contrib
cvs gdbm jbigkit jpeg libpng tiff zlib
@end table
Full source code is available for all packages and tools.
There are a few different ways to install the Cygwin net release, and
we'll try to cover them all here. It is strongly recommended to use the
automatic @code{setup.exe} program if you can.
There is one recommended way to install Cygwin, which is to use the GUI
installer @code{setup.exe}. There are some variations on how you go
about that.
Do it any other way, and you're on your own! That said, keep in mind
that the GUI installer is a "work in progress", so there might be a few
difficulties, especially if you are behind a firewall or have other
specific requirements. If something doesn't work right for you, and
it's not covered here or elsewhere, then by all means report it to the
mailing list.
@section Installation using the @code{setup.exe} program
@strong{IMPORTANT: If you run @code{setup.exe} on an existing Cygwin
installation, Setup will overwrite the contents of mounted directories.
There is no recovery from this. If you are upgrading from an older
version of Cygwin, you may wish to back up your current installation and
unmount old mount points in order to isolate them. Then you can
re-install Cygwin in a new location with new mount points, if this is
what you want.}
@strong{IMPORTANT: First read the README file in the @code{latest}
directory at any ftp mirror. DO THIS NOW! Information in the README
file is not repeated here. You can find a mirror site near you from
@file{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/mirrors.html}.}
The @code{setup.exe} program is the recommended way to install Cygwin,
but it is still a work in progress. Expect features and functionality
@ -36,199 +48,89 @@ build time reported by @code{setup.exe} when you run it. This will help
diagnose problems, should you have any. Check the cygwin mailing list
for the latest news about @code{setup.exe}.
You have a few options when using @code{setup.exe}.
@subsection Why not install in C:\?
The @code{setup.exe} program will prompt you for a "root" directory.
The default is 'C:\cygwin', but you can change it. (You are strongly
urged @strong{not} to choose something like 'C:\'.) It will contain the
necessary files and directory structure, and will be mounted to '/' as
part of the installation process.
The default is 'C:\cygwin', but you can change it. You are urged not to
choose something like 'C:\' (the root directory on the system drive) for
your Cygwin root. If you do, then critical Cygwin system directories
like 'etc', 'lib' and 'bin' could easily be corrupted by other (non-Cygwin)
applications or packages that use \etc, \lib or \bin. Perhaps there is
no conflict now, but who knows what you might install in the future?
It's also just good common sense to segregate your Cygwin "filesystems"
from the rest of your Windows system disk. (In the past, there had been
genuine bugs that would cause problems for people who installed in C:\,
but we believe those are gone now.)
After a new installation in the default location, your mount points will
look something like this:
@subsection Can I use the new setup to update a B18, B19, B20, B20.1 or CD-ROM (1.0) installation of Cygwin?
@example
Device Directory Type Flags
C:\cygwin\bin /usr/bin user binmode
C:\cygwin\lib /usr/lib user binmode
C:\cygwin / user binmode
@end example
No, you must start from scratch with the new setup. The overall
structure has changed so much that it would be silly to try to
accomodate old installations of Cygwin. You'll probably be much better
off with a whole new installation anyway. You may backup or rename your
old installation first, or just install the new one somewhere else. Be
sure to make note of your current mount table, because this will be
overwritten during the new setup.
Note that /bin and /usr/bin point to the same location, as do /lib and
/usr/lib. This is intentional, and you should not undo these mounts
unless you @emph{really} know what you are doing. Currently,
@code{setup.exe} creates only binary mounts, but future versions will
probably be more flexible.
Once you've installed the latest net release, the new setup will update
just the individual packages that need it.
You can let @code{setup.exe} download all the files for you on the fly.
This is the 'internet' installation. Or you can download all (or some)
of the packages ahead of time, and instruct @code{setup.exe} to install
Cygwin from those files. This is the 'directory' installation. You
must use this method if you want to install only a subset of the
available packages.
@subsection The README says I should turn off anti-virus software. Isn't that dangerous?
Note that you cannot combine methods. If you use the directory
installation, @code{setup.exe} will install @strong{only} the packages
it finds in the directory; it will not also be able to download packages
from the internet in the same pass. If you have not carefully chosen
which packages to download, you may not end up with a working Cygwin
installation. You can, however, add and update packages later. See
below.
Only Network Associates (formerly McAfee) products have been reported to
"hang" when extracting Cygwin tar archives. Other products should not
cause problems, if you prefer to keep them running.
Whichever you choose, the first step is to open an ftp mirror site near
you from @file{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/mirrors.html}. Then
go to the 'latest' directory, download @code{setup.exe} and save that to
an @strong{empty temporary directory}. While you're there, download the
README file and read it. Then read it again.
Otherwise, you can download @code{setup.exe} and scan it. Then turn off
the anti-virus software, then run setup to download and extract all the
tar files. Then re-activate your anti-virus software and scan
everything in C:\cygwin (or wherever you chose to install). This should
be safe. (As long as nobody substitutes a malicious setup.exe ...)
Then proceed according to your choice below.
@subsection What packages should I download?
@subsection Internet installation with @code{setup.exe}
Just get everything, if you have room for it. But if you must be
selective:
Shut down @strong{all cygwin applications} (including inetd, etc.).
@table @samp
Then, in a @strong{Windows command prompt} ("MS-DOS Prompt" in Windows
95/98), '@code{cd}' to the temporary directory and type
'@code{setup.exe}'.
@item cygwin
This is the minimum core, consisting of the cygwin1.dll and a few
commands (like @code{mount}). Not much else, and no shell!
When prompted, specify the location of the root directory, or accept the
default.
@item bash
This is the default interactive command shell for cygwin. If you don't
install @samp{bash}, then the "Cygwin Bash Shell" shortcut that setup
creates for you won't actually do anything.
At the next prompt, choose to install from the Internet ('i'). This is
the default.
@item ash
This is often forgotten because it's not obvious that @samp{ash}
contains @code{/bin/sh}, which is essential for running scripts, (and
@code{make} and ...).
Setup will connect to sources.redhat.com to read a list of mirror
sites. Choose one from the list, or choose 'other' to supply your own.
If you supply your own, you must provide a full URL, not just the ftp
hostname. Setup will then proceed to download and install all packages
from the ftp site. Of course this may take a while if you have a slow
connection.
@end table
When finished, Setup will have created a "Cygnus Solutions" folder on
your Start Menu, containing a shortcut to @code{cygwin.bat}, which
invokes bash with various environment variables set correctly. The
"Uninstall Cygwin" shortcut, if present, is unlikely to do a proper
job. If you want to completely uninstall Cygwin, you will probably have
to delete some things by hand.
If you want to build programs, of course you'll need @samp{gcc}, but
you'll also need @samp{binutils}, probably @samp{make} and
@samp{fileutils}, and possibly lots more. (Again, consider just getting
everything!)
Once setup is complete you may remove the temporary directory. It will
contain @code{setup.exe}, the downloaded @code{.tar.gz} files, and a
setup log file, which is not needed, but may contain helpful diagnostics
if your installation failed for some reason.
@subsection What if setup fails?
@subsection Directory installation with @code{setup.exe}
If you are downloading from the internet, setup will fail if it cannot
download the list of mirrors at
@file{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/mirrors.html}. It could be that
the network is too busy. Similarly for an ftp download site that isn't
working. Try another mirror, or try again later.
Before proceeding, you must download packages into the temporary
directory containing @code{setup.exe}. These are in subdirectories of
'latest' and end in .tar.gz and not in -src.tar.gz. If there is more
than one in a given directory, pick the one with the highest version
number. Put them together in the temporary directory containing
@code{setup.exe}. You may preserve the directory structure of 'latest',
and include the -src.tar.gz files, without ill effect.
If setup refuses to download a package that you know needs to be
upgraded, try deleting that package's entry from /etc/setup. If you are
reacting quickly to an announcement on the mailing list, it could be
that the mirror you are using doesn't have the latest copy yet. Try
another mirror, or try again tomorrow.
Whatever subset you think is appropriate, it @strong{must} contain the
'cygwin' package, or you will not end up with a working Cygwin
installation.
When you have all the necessary tar files together with
@code{setup.exe}, proceed as you would for an internet installation,
except choose directory installation ('d') when prompted. Setup will
install all the tar files that it finds there. Here are the gory
details again:
Shut down @strong{all cygwin applications} (including inetd, etc.).
Then, in a @strong{Windows command prompt} ("MS-DOS Prompt" in Windows
95/98), '@code{cd}' to the temporary directory and type
'@code{setup.exe}'.
When prompted, specify the location of the root directory, or accept the
default.
At the next prompt, choose to install from the current directory ('d').
This is @strong{not} the default.
When finished, Setup will have created a "Cygnus Solutions" folder on
your Start Menu, containing a shortcut to @code{cygwin.bat}, which
invokes bash with various environment variables set correctly. The
"Uninstall Cygwin" shortcut, if present, is unlikely to do a proper
job. If you want to completely uninstall Cygwin, you will probably have
to delete some things by hand.
Once setup is complete you may remove the temporary directory. It will
contain @code{setup.exe}, the downloaded @code{.tar.gz} files, and a
setup log file, which is not needed, but may contain helpful diagnostics
if your installation failed for some reason.
@subsection Adding or updating packages
Later versions of @code{setup.exe} permit you to add and/or update
packages to an existing cygwin installation.
@strong{You cannot use this method to update a B18, B19, B20, B20.1 or
CD-ROM (1.0) installation of Cygwin. You must have previously installed
a net release of Cygwin 1.1.0 or greater, using @code{setup.exe}, before
you can update packages with 'setup -u'.}
To update your installation, create an empty temporary directory, and
download the latest version of @code{setup.exe} to it from a Cygwin
mirror near you.
Then, in a @strong{Windows command prompt} ("MS-DOS Prompt" in Windows
95/98), '@code{cd}' to the temporary directory and type
@example
setup -u <pkg>
@end example
where "<pkg>" is the name of the package you wish to update, such as
"cygwin" or "gdb" or "make" or ...
Specify the root directory as you did when you first installed Cygwin.
This will update the package. As with the initial installation, you can
update from the internet ('i') or from the directory ('d'). The latter
requires that you download the @code{.tar.gz} file of the package ahead
of time, along with @code{setup.exe}.
If you are updating the package "cygwin", then you must close
@strong{all} Cygwin applications (including @code{inetd}, for example),
before running setup.
You can omit the '-u' option, which will force setup to install the
latest package (from internet or directory), regardless of whether
@code{setup.exe} believes it is necessary. You @strong{must} omit '-u'
if you are updating from a development snapshot, because development
snapshots have their version numbers "bumped" to the next release
number. In this case, @code{setup.exe} will think your installation is
already up-to-date.
Once setup is complete you may remove the temporary directory. It will
contain @code{setup.exe}, the downloaded @code{.tar.gz} files, and a
setup log file, which is not needed, but may contain helpful diagnostics
if your installation failed for some reason.
@subsection Problems running @code{setup.exe}
@subsubsection Error message: "Unable to retrieve the list of cygwin mirrors..."
This means that @code{setup.exe} could not make an http connection to
@file{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/mirrors.html}. This is
required for an internet ('i') install. Either sources.redhat.com was
too busy, or there is a problem with your network. Note that
@code{setup.exe} has very limited proxy functionality for firewalls, and
depends on IE4 or later being installed and configured properly. If you
cannot get the internet installation to work, just download the
packages yourself and do a directory ('d') install.
@subsubsection System hangs when unpacking tar archives
Your anti-virus software is interfering with @code{setup.exe}. You will
have to disable it before running setup. In that case, you will
probably want to:
@enumerate
@item download all the .tar.gz files for the packages, along with @code{setup.exe}
@item scan it all for viruses
@item disable the anti-virus software
@item perform a directory ('d') install
@item re-enable the anti-virus software
@item scan everything below your Cygwin root directory (@code{C:\cygwin} by default)
@end enumerate
@subsection What's the difference between packages in @samp{latest} and @samp{contrib}?
Good question! That very issue is sometimes debated on the
@samp{cygwin-apps} mailing list. Check the list archives if you want to
know more.