today, Andreas Buschka learnt that the Oxford comma is an american thing
(except for exactly the University of Oxford or to disambiguate)
This commit is contained in:
tg
parent
d18f9133c8
commit
9c602791b2
239
mksh.1
239
mksh.1
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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.\" $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/mksh.1,v 1.416 2016/08/24 20:40:00 tg Exp $
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.\" $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/mksh.1,v 1.417 2016/09/29 09:04:56 tg Exp $
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.\" $OpenBSD: ksh.1,v 1.160 2015/07/04 13:27:04 feinerer Exp $
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.\"-
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.\" Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
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.\" with -mandoc, it might implement .Mx itself, but we want to
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.\" use our own definition. And .Dd must come *first*, always.
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate: August 24 2016 $
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.Dd $Mdocdate: September 29 2016 $
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.\"
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.\" Check which macro package we use, and do other -mdoc setup.
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.\"
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@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ to a
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.Xr tty 4 .
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An interactive shell has job control enabled, ignores the
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.Dv SIGINT ,
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.Dv SIGQUIT ,
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.Dv SIGQUIT
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and
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.Dv SIGTERM
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signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see the
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ command is disabled.
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.It
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The
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.Ev SHELL ,
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.Ev ENV ,
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.Ev ENV
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and
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.Ev PATH
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parameters cannot be changed.
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@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
|
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command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
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occurred during the execution of a script.
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In the absence of fatal errors,
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the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
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the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero if no
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command is executed.
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.Ss Startup files
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For the actual location of these files, see
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@ -383,14 +383,14 @@ The shell begins parsing its input by removing any backslash-newline
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combinations, then breaking it into
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.Em words .
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Words (which are sequences of characters) are delimited by unquoted whitespace
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characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
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characters (space, tab and newline) or meta-characters
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.Po
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.Ql \*(Lt ,
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.Ql \*(Gt ,
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.Ql \*(Ba ,
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.Ql \&; ,
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.Ql \&( ,
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.Ql \&) ,
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.Ql \&)
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and
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.Ql &
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.Pc .
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@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
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.Ql { ,
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.Ql } ,
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.Ql * ,
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.Ql \&? ,
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.Ql \&?
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and
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.Ql \&[ .
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The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
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@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ the
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.Ql #
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up to the nearest newline is ignored;
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.Ql $
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is used to introduce parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions (see
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is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions (see
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.Sx Substitution
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below);
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.Ql \`
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@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ alternations (see
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below);
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and finally,
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.Ql * ,
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.Ql \&? ,
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.Ql \&?
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and
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.Ql \&[
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are used in file name generation (see
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@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ such as
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.Ic for
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and
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.Ic if
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statements, grouping constructs, and function definitions.
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statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
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.Pp
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A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
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(see
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@ -512,12 +512,12 @@ A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
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below),
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input/output redirections (see
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.Sx Input/output redirections
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below),
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below)
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and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
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before any command words.
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The command words, if any, define the command
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that is to be executed and its arguments.
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The command may be a shell built-in command, a function,
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The command may be a shell built-in command, a function
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or an external command
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(i.e. a separate executable file that is located using the
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.Ev PATH
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@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ tokens:
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.Dq Li && ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
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.Dq Li & ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba& ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba&
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and
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.Dq Li \&; .
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The first two are for conditional execution:
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@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ and
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.Dq Li \*(Ba\*(Ba
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have equal precedence which is higher than that of
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.Dq Li & ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba& ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba&
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and
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.Dq Li \&; ,
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which also have equal precedence.
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@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ and
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.Dq Li \*(Ba\*(Ba
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operators, while it need not follow
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.Dq Li & ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba& ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ba&
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or
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.Dq Li \&; .
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The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
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@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ elif for select while }
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.Pp
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In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
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.Em list )
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that are followed by reserved words must end with a semicolon, a newline, or
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that are followed by reserved words must end with a semicolon, a newline or
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a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
|
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For example, the following are all valid:
|
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ are dropped.
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Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
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stripped; any space within a pattern must be quoted.
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Both the word and the
|
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patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic substitution, as
|
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patterns are subject to parameter, command and arithmetic substitution, as
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well as tilde substitution.
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.Pp
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For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
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@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ Operators (e.g.\&
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.Dq Li \&! )
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must be unquoted.
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.It
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Parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed as expressions
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Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed as expressions
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are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for the
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.Dq Li &&
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and
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@ -999,14 +999,14 @@ Third, a double quote
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.Pq Ql \&"
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quotes all characters, except
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.Ql $ ,
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.Ql \e ,
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.Ql \e
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and
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.Ql \` ,
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up to the next unescaped double quote.
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.Ql $
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and
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.Ql \`
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inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e. parameter, arithmetic,
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inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e. parameter, arithmetic
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or command substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
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results of double-quoted substitutions, and the old-style form of command
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substitution has backslash-quoting for double quotes enabled.
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||||
@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ If a
|
||||
inside a double-quoted string is followed by
|
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.Ql \&" ,
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.Ql $ ,
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.Ql \e ,
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.Ql \e
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or
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||||
.Ql \` ,
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only the
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||||
@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ These include
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||||
.Dq Li \er ,
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||||
.Dq Li \et ,
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||||
.Dq Li \eU######## ,
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||||
.Dq Li \eu#### ,
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.Dq Li \eu####
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and
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.Dq Li \ev .
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For
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@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ In the
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||||
.Ic print
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||||
builtin mode,
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.Dq Li \e" ,
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.Dq Li \e\*(aq ,
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.Dq Li \e\*(aq
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||||
and
|
||||
.Dq Li \e?
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||||
are explicitly excluded;
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@ -1180,14 +1180,14 @@ automatically tracked:
|
||||
.Xr rm 1 ,
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.Xr sed 1 ,
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||||
.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr vi 1 ,
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||||
.Xr vi 1
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and
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.Xr who 1 .
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.Ss Substitution
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The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
|
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substitutions on the words of the command.
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||||
There are three kinds of
|
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substitution: parameter, command, and arithmetic.
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substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic.
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Parameter substitutions,
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which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
|
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.Pf $ Ns Ar name
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@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ parameter.
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The
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.Ev IFS
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parameter specifies a list of octets which are used to break a string up
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into several words; any octets from the set space, tab, and newline that
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into several words; any octets from the set space, tab and newline that
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appear in the
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.Ev IFS
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octets are called
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@ -1251,20 +1251,19 @@ whitespace does create an empty field.
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Example: If
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.Ev IFS
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is set to
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.Dq Li \*(Ltspace\*(Gt: ,
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.Dq Li \*(Ltspace\*(Gt:
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and VAR is set to
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.Dq Li \*(Ltspace\*(GtA\*(Ltspace\*(Gt:\*(Ltspace\*(Gt\*(Ltspace\*(GtB::D ,
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the substitution for $VAR results in four fields:
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.Dq Li A ,
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.Dq Li B ,
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.Dq
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(an empty field),
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and
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(an empty field) and
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.Dq Li D .
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Note that if the
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.Ev IFS
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parameter is set to the empty string, no field splitting is done;
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if it is unset, the default value of space, tab, and newline is used.
|
||||
if it is unset, the default value of space, tab and newline is used.
|
||||
.Pp
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||||
Also, note that the field splitting applies only to the immediate result of
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the substitution.
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@ -1272,14 +1271,14 @@ Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
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results in the fields:
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.Dq Li A ,
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.Dq Li B ,
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||||
.Dq ,
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||||
.Dq
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and
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||||
.Dq Li D:E ,
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not
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.Dq Li A ,
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.Dq Li B ,
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||||
.Dq ,
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.Dq Li D ,
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.Dq Li D
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and
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.Dq Li E .
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This behavior is POSIX compliant, but incompatible with some other shell
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@ -1307,7 +1306,7 @@ form, a
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||||
.Ql \e
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followed by any of
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||||
.Ql $ ,
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||||
.Ql \` ,
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||||
.Ql \`
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ql \e
|
||||
is stripped (as is
|
||||
@ -1372,7 +1371,7 @@ That is, they are a 32-bit unsigned integer.
|
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.Pp
|
||||
Parameter substitutions take the form
|
||||
.Pf $ Ns Ar name ,
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.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns } ,
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.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns }
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or
|
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.Sm off
|
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.Pf ${ Ar name Oo Ar expr Oc }
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@ -1396,7 +1395,7 @@ is set, in which case an error occurs.
|
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Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
|
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First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like
|
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.Dq Li # ,
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.Dq Li PWD ,
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.Dq Li PWD
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and
|
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.Dq Li $ ;
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this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
|
||||
@ -1420,7 +1419,7 @@ is also recognised; the old and new values are immediately concatenated.
|
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The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the
|
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.Ic export ,
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.Ic global ,
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||||
.Ic readonly ,
|
||||
.Ic readonly
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ic typeset
|
||||
commands; see their descriptions in the
|
||||
@ -1432,7 +1431,7 @@ and
|
||||
.Ic select
|
||||
loops set parameters as well as the
|
||||
.Ic getopts ,
|
||||
.Ic read ,
|
||||
.Ic read
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ic set Fl A
|
||||
commands.
|
||||
@ -1504,7 +1503,7 @@ it is substituted; otherwise,
|
||||
is printed on standard error (preceded by
|
||||
.Ar name : )
|
||||
and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function,
|
||||
or script sourced using the
|
||||
or a script sourced using the
|
||||
.Dq Li \&.
|
||||
built-in).
|
||||
If
|
||||
@ -1530,7 +1529,7 @@ can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depend on
|
||||
being set (as opposed to set and not empty).
|
||||
If
|
||||
.Ar word
|
||||
is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
|
||||
is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution are performed
|
||||
on it; if
|
||||
.Ar word
|
||||
is not needed, it is not evaluated.
|
||||
@ -1547,7 +1546,7 @@ The number of positional parameters if
|
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.Ar name
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is
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.Dq Li * ,
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.Dq Li @ ,
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||||
.Dq Li @
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||||
or not specified; otherwise the length
|
||||
.Pq in characters
|
||||
of the string value of parameter
|
||||
@ -1752,7 +1751,7 @@ If no background processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
|
||||
.It Ev \&#
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||||
The number of positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.).
|
||||
.It Ev \&$
|
||||
The PID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a subshell.
|
||||
The PID of the shell or, if it is a subshell, the PID of the original shell.
|
||||
Do
|
||||
.Em NOT
|
||||
use this mechanism for generating temporary file names; see
|
||||
@ -1844,9 +1843,9 @@ value as reported by
|
||||
.Xr stty 1
|
||||
is non-zero and sane enough (minimum is 12x3); similar for
|
||||
.Ev LINES .
|
||||
This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by the
|
||||
This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes and by the
|
||||
.Ic select ,
|
||||
.Ic set Fl o ,
|
||||
.Ic set Fl o
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ic kill Fl l
|
||||
commands to format information columns.
|
||||
@ -1920,7 +1919,7 @@ below).
|
||||
.It Ev IFS
|
||||
Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
|
||||
.Ic read
|
||||
command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab,
|
||||
command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab
|
||||
and newline.
|
||||
See
|
||||
.Sx Substitution
|
||||
@ -2018,7 +2017,7 @@ See
|
||||
The previous working directory.
|
||||
Unset if
|
||||
.Ic cd
|
||||
has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
|
||||
has not successfully changed directories since the shell started or if the
|
||||
shell doesn't know where it is.
|
||||
.It Ev OPTARG
|
||||
When using
|
||||
@ -2048,7 +2047,7 @@ one by one, of the last pipeline run in the foreground.
|
||||
The process ID of the shell's parent.
|
||||
.It Ev PS1
|
||||
The primary prompt for interactive shells.
|
||||
Parameter, command, and arithmetic
|
||||
Parameter, command and arithmetic
|
||||
substitutions are performed, and
|
||||
.Ql \&!
|
||||
is replaced with the current command number (see the
|
||||
@ -2108,7 +2107,7 @@ if you did not have any non-printing characters.
|
||||
Since Backslashes and other special characters may be
|
||||
interpreted by the shell, to set
|
||||
.Ev PS1
|
||||
either escape the backslash itself,
|
||||
either escape the backslash itself
|
||||
or use double quotes.
|
||||
The latter is more practical.
|
||||
This is a more complex example,
|
||||
@ -2144,7 +2143,7 @@ The default is
|
||||
Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see the
|
||||
.Ic set Fl x
|
||||
command below).
|
||||
Parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed
|
||||
Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed
|
||||
before it is printed.
|
||||
The default is
|
||||
.Dq Li +\ \& .
|
||||
@ -2179,7 +2178,7 @@ If the time is exceeded, the shell exits.
|
||||
.It Ev TMPDIR
|
||||
The directory temporary shell files are created in.
|
||||
If this parameter is not
|
||||
set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
|
||||
set or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
|
||||
files are created in
|
||||
.Pa /tmp .
|
||||
.It Ev USER_ID
|
||||
@ -2193,12 +2192,12 @@ The characters following the tilde, up to the first
|
||||
.Ql / ,
|
||||
if any, are assumed to be a login name.
|
||||
If the login name is empty,
|
||||
.Ql + ,
|
||||
.Ql +
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ql \- ,
|
||||
the simplified value of the
|
||||
.Ev HOME ,
|
||||
.Ev PWD ,
|
||||
.Ev PWD
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ev OLDPWD
|
||||
parameter is substituted, respectively.
|
||||
@ -2215,7 +2214,7 @@ in the arguments of
|
||||
.Ic alias ,
|
||||
.Ic export ,
|
||||
.Ic global ,
|
||||
.Ic readonly ,
|
||||
.Ic readonly
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ic typeset ) ,
|
||||
tilde expansion is done after any assignment
|
||||
@ -2227,7 +2226,7 @@ login names are also delimited by colons.
|
||||
The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Ic alias Fl d
|
||||
command may be used to list, change, and add to this cache (e.g.\&
|
||||
command may be used to list, change and add to this cache (e.g.\&
|
||||
.Ic alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd \*(TIfac/bin ) .
|
||||
.Ss Brace expansion (alternation)
|
||||
Brace expressions take the following form:
|
||||
@ -2244,7 +2243,7 @@ The expressions are expanded to
|
||||
.Ar N
|
||||
words, each of which is the concatenation of
|
||||
.Ar prefix ,
|
||||
.Ar str Ns i ,
|
||||
.Ar str Ns i
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ar suffix
|
||||
(e.g.\&
|
||||
@ -2252,7 +2251,7 @@ and
|
||||
expands to four words:
|
||||
.Dq Li ace ,
|
||||
.Dq Li abXe ,
|
||||
.Dq Li abYe ,
|
||||
.Dq Li abYe
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Dq Li ade ) .
|
||||
As noted in the example, brace expressions can be nested and the resulting
|
||||
@ -2271,7 +2270,7 @@ A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
|
||||
.Ql \&? ,
|
||||
.Ql * ,
|
||||
.Ql + ,
|
||||
.Ql @ ,
|
||||
.Ql @
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ql \&!
|
||||
characters or
|
||||
@ -2343,7 +2342,7 @@ Example: The pattern
|
||||
.Ic ?(foo\*(Babar)
|
||||
only matches the strings
|
||||
.Dq ,
|
||||
.Dq Li foo ,
|
||||
.Dq Li foo
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Dq Li bar .
|
||||
.Sm off
|
||||
@ -2387,7 +2386,7 @@ but
|
||||
.At
|
||||
.Nm ksh ,
|
||||
Bourne
|
||||
.Nm sh ,
|
||||
.Nm sh
|
||||
and GNU
|
||||
.Nm bash
|
||||
do.
|
||||
@ -2409,8 +2408,8 @@ option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
|
||||
with a trailing
|
||||
.Ql / .
|
||||
.Ss Input/output redirection
|
||||
When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output, and standard
|
||||
error (file descriptors 0, 1, and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
|
||||
When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and standard
|
||||
error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
|
||||
the shell.
|
||||
Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
|
||||
standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
|
||||
@ -2471,13 +2470,13 @@ If
|
||||
.Ar marker
|
||||
contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
|
||||
as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
|
||||
parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
|
||||
parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
|
||||
backslash
|
||||
.Pq Ql \e
|
||||
escapes for
|
||||
.Ql $ ,
|
||||
.Ql \` ,
|
||||
.Ql \e ,
|
||||
.Ql \e
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Dq Li \enewline ,
|
||||
but not for
|
||||
@ -2547,7 +2546,7 @@ but a syntax error in GNU
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Same as
|
||||
.Ic \*(Gt\*(Ba Ns Ar file ,
|
||||
.Ic \*(Gt\*(Gt Ns Ar file ,
|
||||
.Ic \*(Gt\*(Gt Ns Ar file
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ic \*(Gt& Ns Ar fd ,
|
||||
followed by
|
||||
@ -2562,11 +2561,11 @@ In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
|
||||
(i.e. standard input or standard output)
|
||||
can be explicitly given by preceding the
|
||||
redirection with a single digit.
|
||||
Parameter, command, and arithmetic
|
||||
substitutions, tilde substitutions, and (if the shell is interactive)
|
||||
Parameter, command and arithmetic
|
||||
substitutions, tilde substitutions, and, if the shell is interactive,
|
||||
file name generation are all performed on the
|
||||
.Ar file ,
|
||||
.Ar marker ,
|
||||
.Ar marker
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ar fd
|
||||
arguments of redirections.
|
||||
@ -2613,7 +2612,7 @@ character, in which case they use
|
||||
.Vt mksh_uari_t
|
||||
.Po a 32-bit unsigned integer Pc .
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
|
||||
Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references
|
||||
and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
|
||||
(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
@ -2783,7 +2782,7 @@ Rotate left (right); the result is similar to shift,
|
||||
except that the bits shifted out at one end are shifted in
|
||||
at the other end, instead of zero or sign bits.
|
||||
.It + \- * /
|
||||
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
|
||||
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
|
||||
.It %
|
||||
Remainder; the result is the symmetric remainder of the division of the left
|
||||
argument by the right.
|
||||
@ -2992,9 +2991,9 @@ The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
|
||||
returns.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Ss Command execution
|
||||
After evaluation of command-line arguments, redirections, and parameter
|
||||
After evaluation of command-line arguments, redirections and parameter
|
||||
assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in command,
|
||||
a function, a normal builtin, or the name of a file to execute found using the
|
||||
a function, a normal builtin or the name of a file to execute found using the
|
||||
.Ev PATH
|
||||
parameter.
|
||||
The checks are made in the above order.
|
||||
@ -3202,7 +3201,7 @@ Exit the
|
||||
inner-most
|
||||
.Ic for ,
|
||||
.Ic select ,
|
||||
.Ic until ,
|
||||
.Ic until
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ic while
|
||||
loop.
|
||||
@ -3304,7 +3303,7 @@ parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
|
||||
respectively.
|
||||
If the
|
||||
.Fl e
|
||||
option is set for physical filesystem traversal, and
|
||||
option is set for physical filesystem traversal and
|
||||
.Ev PWD
|
||||
could not be set, the exit code is 1; greater than 1 if an
|
||||
error occurred, 0 otherwise.
|
||||
@ -3381,7 +3380,7 @@ Jumps to the beginning of the
|
||||
inner-most
|
||||
.Ic for ,
|
||||
.Ic select ,
|
||||
.Ic until ,
|
||||
.Ic until
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ic while
|
||||
loop.
|
||||
@ -3517,7 +3516,7 @@ Without
|
||||
.Fl l ,
|
||||
the selected commands are edited by the editor specified with the
|
||||
.Fl e
|
||||
option, or if no
|
||||
option or, if no
|
||||
.Fl e
|
||||
is specified, the editor specified by the
|
||||
.Ev FCEDIT
|
||||
@ -3628,9 +3627,9 @@ invoked).
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
|
||||
.Ev OPTIND
|
||||
to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
|
||||
to a value other than 1 or parsing different sets of arguments without
|
||||
resetting
|
||||
.Ev OPTIND ,
|
||||
.Ev OPTIND
|
||||
may lead to unexpected results.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It global Ar ...
|
||||
@ -3682,7 +3681,7 @@ and the displayed job.
|
||||
.No { Ar job \*(Ba pid \*(Ba pgrp No }
|
||||
.Ar ...
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
|
||||
Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs or process
|
||||
groups.
|
||||
If no signal is specified, the
|
||||
.Dv TERM
|
||||
@ -3700,8 +3699,8 @@ below for the format of
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Print the signal name corresponding to
|
||||
.Ar exit-status .
|
||||
If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers, and
|
||||
a short description of them are printed.
|
||||
If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals with their numbers
|
||||
and a short description of each are printed.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Ic let Op Ar expression ...
|
||||
Each expression is evaluated (see
|
||||
@ -3738,7 +3737,7 @@ The file type may be
|
||||
.Cm b
|
||||
(block type device),
|
||||
.Cm c
|
||||
(character type device),
|
||||
(character type device)
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Cm p
|
||||
.Pq named pipe , Tn FIFO .
|
||||
@ -4140,7 +4139,7 @@ This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
|
||||
explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
|
||||
.Ic if ,
|
||||
.Ic until ,
|
||||
.Ic while ,
|
||||
.Ic while
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ic \&!
|
||||
statements.
|
||||
@ -4208,7 +4207,7 @@ and optionally
|
||||
.Fn nl_langinfo CODESET ,
|
||||
or the
|
||||
.Ev LC_ALL ,
|
||||
.Ev LC_CTYPE ,
|
||||
.Ev LC_CTYPE
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ev LANG
|
||||
environment variables,
|
||||
@ -4232,7 +4231,7 @@ or
|
||||
.Dq Li $* ,
|
||||
is treated as an error, unless one of the
|
||||
.Ql \- ,
|
||||
.Ql + ,
|
||||
.Ql +
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ql =
|
||||
modifiers is used.
|
||||
@ -4645,7 +4644,7 @@ which fails if parameter
|
||||
.Dq foo
|
||||
is empty or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.\&
|
||||
.Ev IFS
|
||||
octets), or if it is a unary operator like
|
||||
octets) or if it is a unary operator like
|
||||
.Dq Li \&!
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Dq Li \-n .
|
||||
@ -4737,7 +4736,7 @@ is either an empty string, indicating the signals are to be ignored, a dash
|
||||
indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals
|
||||
.Pq see Xr signal 3 ,
|
||||
or a string containing shell commands to be executed at the first opportunity
|
||||
(i.e. when the current command completes, or before printing the next
|
||||
(i.e. when the current command completes or before printing the next
|
||||
.Ev PS1
|
||||
prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
|
||||
.Ar signal
|
||||
@ -4988,7 +4987,7 @@ If any of the
|
||||
.Fl l ,
|
||||
.Fl R ,
|
||||
.Fl U ,
|
||||
.Fl u ,
|
||||
.Fl u
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Fl Z
|
||||
options are changed, all others from this set are cleared,
|
||||
@ -5118,7 +5117,7 @@ is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
|
||||
.Op Fl S
|
||||
.Op Ar mask
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
|
||||
Display or set the file permission creation mask or umask (see
|
||||
.Xr umask 2 ) .
|
||||
If the
|
||||
.Fl S
|
||||
@ -5131,7 +5130,7 @@ When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
|
||||
octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
|
||||
For example,
|
||||
.Dq Li ug=rwx,o=
|
||||
sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable, or executable by
|
||||
sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable or executable by
|
||||
.Dq others ,
|
||||
and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
|
||||
.Dq Li 007 .
|
||||
@ -5178,7 +5177,7 @@ The exit status of
|
||||
is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
|
||||
exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
|
||||
.Ic kill Fl l Ar exit-status
|
||||
above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
|
||||
above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed or
|
||||
had already finished), the exit status of
|
||||
.Ic wait
|
||||
is 127.
|
||||
@ -5187,9 +5186,9 @@ See
|
||||
below for the format of
|
||||
.Ar job .
|
||||
.Ic wait
|
||||
will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
|
||||
will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received or if a
|
||||
.Dv SIGHUP ,
|
||||
.Dv SIGINT ,
|
||||
.Dv SIGINT
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Dv SIGQUIT
|
||||
signal is received.
|
||||
@ -5245,7 +5244,7 @@ commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
|
||||
job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Note that only commands that create processes (e.g. asynchronous commands,
|
||||
subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
|
||||
subshell commands and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
|
||||
commands like
|
||||
.Ic read
|
||||
cannot be.
|
||||
@ -5259,7 +5258,7 @@ A job may be referred to in the
|
||||
.Ic bg ,
|
||||
.Ic fg ,
|
||||
.Ic jobs ,
|
||||
.Ic kill ,
|
||||
.Ic kill
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ic wait
|
||||
commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
|
||||
@ -5270,7 +5269,7 @@ parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent sign
|
||||
Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "%+ x %% x %XX"
|
||||
.It %+ \*(Ba %% \*(Ba %
|
||||
The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
|
||||
The most recently stopped job or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
|
||||
running job.
|
||||
.It %\-
|
||||
The job that would be the
|
||||
@ -5376,7 +5375,7 @@ refer to the
|
||||
manual page for details.
|
||||
Most other historic,
|
||||
.At
|
||||
.Nm ksh Ns -compatible ,
|
||||
.Nm ksh Ns -compatible
|
||||
or opinionated differences can be disabled by using this mode; these are:
|
||||
.Bl -bullet
|
||||
.It
|
||||
@ -5452,7 +5451,7 @@ The shell supports three modes of reading command lines from a
|
||||
.Xr tty 4
|
||||
in an interactive session, controlled by the
|
||||
.Ic emacs ,
|
||||
.Ic gmacs ,
|
||||
.Ic gmacs
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Ic vi
|
||||
options (at most one of these can be set at once).
|
||||
@ -5480,7 +5479,7 @@ In these editing modes, if a line is longer than the screen width (see the
|
||||
parameter),
|
||||
a
|
||||
.Ql \*(Gt ,
|
||||
.Ql + ,
|
||||
.Ql +
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ql \*(Lt
|
||||
character is displayed in the last column indicating that there are more
|
||||
@ -5489,7 +5488,7 @@ respectively.
|
||||
The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Completed lines are pushed into the history, unless they begin with an
|
||||
IFS octet or IFS white space, or are the same as the previous line.
|
||||
IFS octet or IFS white space or are the same as the previous line.
|
||||
.Ss Emacs editing mode
|
||||
When the
|
||||
.Ic emacs
|
||||
@ -5559,7 +5558,7 @@ characters.
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of the word; words consist of
|
||||
alphanumerics, underscore
|
||||
.Pq Ql _ ,
|
||||
.Pq Ql _
|
||||
and dollar sign
|
||||
.Pq Ql $
|
||||
characters.
|
||||
@ -5605,7 +5604,7 @@ partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
|
||||
.Ic complete
|
||||
command described above.
|
||||
.It complete\-list: \*(haI, \*(ha[=
|
||||
Complete as much as is possible of the current word,
|
||||
Complete as much as is possible of the current word
|
||||
and list the possible completions for it.
|
||||
If only one completion is possible,
|
||||
match as in the
|
||||
@ -5780,7 +5779,7 @@ Introduces a multi-character command sequence.
|
||||
.Op Ar n
|
||||
.No \*(ha[. , \*(ha[_
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
The last word, or, if given, the
|
||||
The last word or, if given, the
|
||||
.Ar n Ns th
|
||||
word (zero-based) of the previous (on repeated execution, second-last,
|
||||
third-last, etc.) command is inserted at the cursor.
|
||||
@ -5846,7 +5845,7 @@ or
|
||||
.It set\-mark\-command: \*(ha[ Ns Aq space
|
||||
Set the mark at the cursor position.
|
||||
.It transpose\-chars: \*(haT
|
||||
If at the end of line, or if the
|
||||
If at the end of line or, if the
|
||||
.Ic gmacs
|
||||
option is set, this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
|
||||
exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor one
|
||||
@ -5897,7 +5896,7 @@ editor with the following exceptions:
|
||||
You start out in insert mode.
|
||||
.It
|
||||
There are file name and command completion commands:
|
||||
=, \e, *, \*(haX, \*(haE, \*(haF, and, optionally,
|
||||
=, \e, *, \*(haX, \*(haE, \*(haF and, optionally,
|
||||
.Aq tab
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Aq esc .
|
||||
@ -5942,7 +5941,7 @@ settings
|
||||
(see
|
||||
.Xr stty 1 )
|
||||
and have their usual meaning (normal values are in parentheses): kill (\*(haU),
|
||||
erase (\*(ha?), werase (\*(haW), eof (\*(haD), intr (\*(haC), and quit (\*(ha\e).
|
||||
erase (\*(ha?), werase (\*(haW), eof (\*(haD), intr (\*(haC) and quit (\*(ha\e).
|
||||
In addition to
|
||||
the above, the following characters are also treated specially in insert mode:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width XJXXXXM
|
||||
@ -5957,7 +5956,7 @@ is undone.
|
||||
Erases previous character.
|
||||
.It \*(haJ \*(Ba \*(haM
|
||||
End of line.
|
||||
The current line is read, parsed, and executed by the shell.
|
||||
The current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
|
||||
.It \*(haV
|
||||
Literal next.
|
||||
The next character typed is not treated specially (can be used
|
||||
@ -5990,8 +5989,8 @@ refers to the position between the cursor and the character preceding the
|
||||
cursor.
|
||||
A
|
||||
.Dq word
|
||||
is a sequence of letters, digits, and underscore characters or a sequence of
|
||||
non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, and non-whitespace characters (e.g.\&
|
||||
is a sequence of letters, digits and underscore characters or a sequence of
|
||||
non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore and non-whitespace characters (e.g.\&
|
||||
.Dq Li ab2*&\*(ha
|
||||
contains two words) and a
|
||||
.Dq big-word
|
||||
@ -6050,13 +6049,13 @@ or follows one of the characters
|
||||
.Ql \&; ,
|
||||
.Ql \*(Ba ,
|
||||
.Ql & ,
|
||||
.Ql \&( ,
|
||||
.Ql \&(
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ql \&) ,
|
||||
.Ql \&)
|
||||
and does not contain a slash
|
||||
.Pq Ql / ,
|
||||
then command expansion is done; otherwise file name expansion is done.
|
||||
Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions, and
|
||||
Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions and
|
||||
built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching the
|
||||
directories in the
|
||||
.Ev PATH
|
||||
@ -6169,8 +6168,8 @@ Move forward
|
||||
big-words.
|
||||
.It %
|
||||
Find match.
|
||||
The editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis, bracket, or
|
||||
brace and then moves the cursor to the matching parenthesis, bracket, or brace.
|
||||
The editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis, bracket or
|
||||
brace and then moves the cursor to the matching parenthesis, bracket or brace.
|
||||
.It Xo
|
||||
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns f Ns Ar c
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
@ -6203,7 +6202,7 @@ occurrence of the character
|
||||
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&;
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Repeats the last
|
||||
.Ic f , F , t ,
|
||||
.Ic f , F , t
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ic T
|
||||
command.
|
||||
@ -6211,7 +6210,7 @@ command.
|
||||
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&,
|
||||
.Xc
|
||||
Repeats the last
|
||||
.Ic f , F , t ,
|
||||
.Ic f , F , t
|
||||
or
|
||||
.Ic T
|
||||
command, but moves in the opposite direction.
|
||||
@ -6424,7 +6423,7 @@ except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
|
||||
Miscellaneous vi commands
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
||||
.It \*(haJ and \*(haM
|
||||
The current line is read, parsed, and executed by the shell.
|
||||
The current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
|
||||
.It \*(haL and \*(haR
|
||||
Redraw the current line.
|
||||
.It Xo
|
||||
@ -6437,7 +6436,7 @@ times.
|
||||
Undo the last edit command.
|
||||
.It U
|
||||
Undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
|
||||
.It PC Home, End, Del, and cursor keys
|
||||
.It PC Home, End, Del and cursor keys
|
||||
They move as expected, both in insert and command mode.
|
||||
.It Ar intr No and Ar quit
|
||||
The interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to be
|
||||
@ -6578,7 +6577,7 @@ and parts of the BRL shell by
|
||||
.An Doug Kingston ,
|
||||
.An Ron Natalie ,
|
||||
.An Arnold Robbins ,
|
||||
.An Lou Salkind ,
|
||||
.An Lou Salkind
|
||||
and others.
|
||||
The first release of
|
||||
.Nm pdksh
|
||||
@ -6586,12 +6585,12 @@ was created by
|
||||
.An Eric Gisin ,
|
||||
and it was subsequently maintained by
|
||||
.An John R. MacMillan ,
|
||||
.An Simon J. Gerraty ,
|
||||
.An Simon J. Gerraty
|
||||
and
|
||||
.An Michael Rendell .
|
||||
The effort of several projects, such as Debian and OpenBSD, and other
|
||||
contributors including our users, to improve the shell is appreciated.
|
||||
See the documentation, CVS, and web site for details.
|
||||
See the documentation, web site and CVS for details.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The BSD daemon is Copyright \(co Marshall Kirk McKusick.
|
||||
The complete legalese is at:
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user