329 lines
14 KiB
TeX
Executable File
329 lines
14 KiB
TeX
Executable File
\documentclass{standalone}
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%
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,arrows.meta}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
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\usetkzobj{all}
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%
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\definecolor{space}{HTML}{1F2C4E}
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\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA}
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\definecolor{mars}{HTML}{DC7B4E}
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\definecolor{dida}{HTML}{FFDE00}
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\definecolor{title}{HTML}{FBA706}
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\definecolor{moon}{HTML}{AFAFAF}
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\definecolor{craterm}{HTML}{616060}
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\definecolor{linem}{HTML}{DBDBDB}
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%
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\usepackage{fontspec}
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\setmainfont{Open Dyslexic}
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%
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\title{I moti della Luna}
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\begin{document}
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\tikzset{
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partial ellipse/.style args = {#1:#2:#3}{insert path={+ (#1:#3) arc (#1:#2:#3)}},
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}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[background rectangle/.style={fill=white},show background rectangle,>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth}]
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%title
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\draw [black,ultra thick,fill=title] (0,12.8) rectangle (30,16.8);
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\node at (15,14.8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{90}{91}\selectfont Moti lunari}};
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(15,-4)}]
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\draw [fill=space] (-15,13) rectangle (15,-13);
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O}
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\tkzDefPoint(-7,0){E}
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\tkzDefPoint(-5,0){Er}
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\tkzDefPoint(13,0){L}
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\tkzDefPoint(14,0){Lr}
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%
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\begin{scope}[yscale=0.8]
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\tkzDrawCircle[color=white,ultra thick](O,L)
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\end{scope}
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%
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth](E,Er)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L,Lr)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(0,10){L1}
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\tkzDefPoint(1,10){Lr1}
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L1,Lr1)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(-13,0){L2}
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\tkzDefPoint(-14,0){Lr2}
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L2,Lr2)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(0,-10){L3}
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\tkzDefPoint(1,-10){Lr3}
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L3,Lr3)
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%
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\draw [fill=dida, thick] (11.5,-1.5) rectangle (14.5,-2.5);
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\node at (13,-2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{20}{21}\selectfont apogeo}};
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\draw [fill=dida, thick] (-11.5,-1.5) rectangle (-14.5,-2.5);
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\node at (-13,-2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{20}{21}\selectfont perigeo}};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,10)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1,2) rectangle (29,-2);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {Come sappiamo, la Luna ruota intorno alla Terra. Questo moto, detto di \emph{rivoluzione}, porta la Luna ora più vicina (perigeo), ora più lontana (apogeo) dal nostro pianeta.};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-20.5)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1,3) rectangle (29,-3);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {Inoltre si definiscono un mese sidereo, ovvero la durata del moto di rivoluzione della Luna intorno alla Terra, che è di poco più di 27 giorni, e un mese sinodico, ovvero il periodo di tempo entro il quale le fasi lunari si ripetono, che è di poco più di 29 giorni.};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-34)}]
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\draw[fill=space] (2,10) rectangle (28,-19);
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%
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\foreach \i in {1,2,...,19}
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\draw[->,ultra thick,color=white] (5+\i,9.3) -- (5+\i,8.3);
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\node at (18,7.3) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont luce stelle lontane}};
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(10,4){S}
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\tkzDefPoint(10,-10){E}
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\tkzDefPoint(10,-13){M}
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\tkzDefPoint(10,-14.5){S1}
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\tkzDefPoint(10,-16){S2}
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\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center S angle 50](E) \tkzGetPoint{E1}
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\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center S angle 50](M) \tkzGetPoint{M1}
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\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center E1 angle -50](M1) \tkzGetPoint{M2}
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%
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\tkzCalcLength(S,E) \tkzGetLength{rSE}
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\tkzCalcLength(S,S1) \tkzGetLength{rSa}
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\tkzCalcLength(S,S2) \tkzGetLength{rSb}
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%
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\tkzDrawLine[color=white](S,M)
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\tkzDrawLine[color=white](S,M1)
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\tkzDrawLine[color=white,add = 0.5 and 1.5](E1,M2)
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%
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\draw[fill=white] (S) circle (2cm);
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\draw[fill=earth] (E) circle (1cm);
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\tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}}
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](E,3cm)(45,44)
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\draw[fill=moon] (M) circle (0.5cm);
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](S,\rSE pt)(250,265)
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%
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\draw[fill=earth] (E1) circle (1cm);
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](E1,3cm)(45,44)
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](S,\rSE pt)(275,315)
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](S,\rSE pt)(325,340)
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\draw[fill=moon] (M1) circle (0.5cm);
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\draw[fill=moon] (M2) circle (0.5cm);
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](S,\rSa pt)(270,305)
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\tkzDrawArc[R,color=white](S,\rSb pt)(270,320)
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%
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\node[left] at (S1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont mese sidereo}};
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\node[left] at (S2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont mese sinodico}};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(15,-70)}]
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\draw [fill=space] (-15,11) rectangle (15,-9);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (-14,10) {La Luna non ruota intorno al suo asse};
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O}
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\tkzDefPoint(-7,0){E}
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\tkzDefPoint(-5,0){Er}
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\tkzDefPoint(13,0){L}
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\tkzDefPoint(14,0){Lr}
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\tkzDefPoint(13,2){V}
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%
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\draw (O) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=300:655:13 and 6.5];
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%
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth](E,Er)
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L,V)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L,Lr)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(0,6.5){L1}
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\tkzDefPoint(1,6.5){Lr1}
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\tkzDefPoint(0,8.5){V1}
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L1,V1)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L1,Lr1)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(-13,0){L2}
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\tkzDefPoint(-14,0){Lr2}
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\tkzDefPoint(-13,2){V2}
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L2,V2)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L2,Lr2)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(0,-6.5){L3}
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\tkzDefPoint(1,-6.5){Lr3}
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\tkzDefPoint(0,-4.5){V3}
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L3,V3)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L3,Lr3)
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-56)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1,2.5) rectangle (29,-2.5);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {Il tempo che la Luna impiega a ruotare intorno al proprio asse coincide con il periodo di rivoluzione. Questo genera una rotazione sincrona che ha come risultato il fatto che la Luna rivolge alla Terra sempre la stessa faccia.};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(15,-91)}]
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\draw [fill=space] (-15,11) rectangle (15,-9);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (-14,10) {La Luna ruota intorno al suo asse};
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O}
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\tkzDefPoint(-7,0){E}
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\tkzDefPoint(-5,0){Er}
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\tkzDefPoint(13,0){L}
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\tkzDefPoint(14,0){Lr}
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\tkzDefPoint(11,0){V}
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%
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\draw (O) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=300:655:13 and 6.5];
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%
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth](E,Er)
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L,V)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L,Lr)
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\draw (L) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=0:90:1.5 and 1.5];
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(0,6.5){L1}
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\tkzDefPoint(1,6.5){Lr1}
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\tkzDefPoint(0,4.5){V1}
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L1,V1)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L1,Lr1)
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\draw (L1) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=45:135:1.5 and 1.5];
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(-13,0){L2}
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\tkzDefPoint(-14,0){Lr2}
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\tkzDefPoint(-11,0){V2}
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L2,V2)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L2,Lr2)
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\draw (L2) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=100:190:1.5 and 1.5];
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(0,-6.5){L3}
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\tkzDefPoint(1,-6.5){Lr3}
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\tkzDefPoint(0,-4.5){V3}
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\tkzDrawVector[color=white, ultra thick](L3,V3)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L3,Lr3)
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\draw (L3) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=210:300:1.5 and 1.5];
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-112)}]
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.4]
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\draw [color=craterm, fill=moon, ultra thick] (6.5,0) circle (4.5cm);
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\foreach \x in {1,...,5}
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\draw [color=craterm, ultra thick, rotate around={72*\x:(6.5,0)}] (6.5,0) -- (6.5,2);
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\foreach \x in {1,3,...,20}
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\draw [color=craterm, ultra thick, rotate around={18*\x:(6.5,0)}] (6.5,0) -- (6.5,1.2);
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\foreach \x in {2,6,...,18}
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\draw [color=craterm, ultra thick, rotate around={18*\x:(6.5,0)}] (6.5,0) -- (6.5,0.9);
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\draw[fill=craterm, ultra thick] (6.5,0) circle (0.5cm);
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%down-sx
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\draw (3.3,-2.5) [rotate around={-45:(3.3,-2.5)}, color=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=20:160:1.5 and 0.5];
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\foreach \x in {0.01,0.02,...,0.1}
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\draw (3.3+\x,-2.5-\x) [rotate around={-45:(3.3,-2.5)}, color=craterm,ultra thick,partial ellipse=20:160:1.5 and 0.5];
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%down-dx
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\draw (9.7,-2.5) [rotate around={45:(9.7,-2.5)}, color=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=20:160:1 and 0.3];
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\foreach \x in {0.01,0.02,...,0.1}
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\draw (9.7+\x,-2.5-\x) [rotate around={45:(9.7,-2.5)}, color=craterm,ultra thick,partial ellipse=20:160:1 and 0.3];
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%up-sx
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\draw (3.5,3.2) [rotate around={45:(3.5,3.2)}, color=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:360:0.5 and 0.3];
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\foreach \x in {0.01,0.02,...,0.1}
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\draw (3.5+\x,3.2-\x) [rotate around={45:(3.5,3.2)}, color=craterm,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:360:0.5 and 0.3];
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%up-dx shadow
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\draw (9.5,3) [rotate around={-50:(9.5,3)}, color=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:360:0.9 and 0.7];
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\foreach \x in {0.01,0.02,...,0.1}
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\draw (9.5+\x,3-\x) [rotate around={-50:(9.5,3)}, color=craterm,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:360:0.9 and 0.7];
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(20,0)}]
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\node at (0,5.4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont bassa marea}};
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\node at (0,-5.3) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont bassa marea}};
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O}
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%
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\begin{scope}
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\draw [fill=earth, color=earth, opacity=0.5] (O) ellipse (6cm and 5cm);
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[yscale=0.9]
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\tkzDefPoint(5.5,0){E}
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill = earth](O,E)
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\tkzClipCircle(O,E)
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\tkzDefPoint(0.6,0.4){A}
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\tkzDefPoint(-0.6,0.4){B}
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%
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\tkzDefShiftPoint[A](-0.2,0.3){A1}
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\tkzDefShiftPoint[A1](0,-0.25){A2}
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\tkzDefShiftPoint[B](-0.2,0.3){B1}
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\tkzDefShiftPoint[B1](0,-0.25){B2}
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%
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% clouds
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%
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (-5.5,4.5) -- (-1.5,4.5);
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (-5.5,4.1) -- (-1.2,4.1);
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\fill [white] (-1.5,4.55) circle (0.2cm);
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\fill [white] (-1.2,4.1) circle (0.25cm);
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%
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (-5.5,1.1) -- (-3.5,1.1);
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (-5.5,0.7) -- (-3.2,0.7);
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\fill [white] (-3.5,1.15) circle (0.2cm);
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\fill [white] (-3.2,0.7) circle (0.25cm);
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%
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (-5.5,-4.1) -- (-1.5,-4.1);
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (-5.5,-4.5) -- (-1.2,-4.5);
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\draw [line width=4mm, color=white] (-2.3,-4.8) -- (-1.6,-4.8);
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\fill [white] (-1.5,-4.05) circle (0.2cm);
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\fill [white] (-1.2,-4.5) circle (0.25cm);
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\fill [white] (-1.6,-4.8) circle (0.2cm);
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\fill [white] (-2.3,-4.8) circle (0.2cm);
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%
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (3,-2.5) -- (5.5,-2.5);
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\draw [line width=5mm, color=white] (2.5,-2.9) -- (5.5,-2.9);
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\draw [line width=4mm, color=white] (3.5,-3.2) -- (5,-3.2);
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\fill [white] (3,-2.45) circle (0.2cm);
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\fill [white] (2.5,-2.9) circle (0.25cm);
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\fill [white] (3.5,-3.2) circle (0.2cm);
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%
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\begin{scope}[yscale=0.5]
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\foreach \i in {1,2,...,6}{
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\x}{(rand*0.2 + 1)*12-12}
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\y}{(rand*0.5 + 1)*10-10}
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\opacVal}{rand*0.5+1}
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\fill[white] (\x,\y) circle (0.5cm);
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}
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\end{scope}
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\end{scope}
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%
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\node at (7.7,0) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont alta marea}};
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\node at (-7.7,0) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont alta marea}};
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\end{scope}
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-103)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1,2) rectangle (29,-2);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {Infine l'attrazione gravitazionale esercitata dalla Luna sulla Terra genera le maree, il fenomeno per il quale l'acqua degli oceani si solleva rispetto alla superficie della Terra.};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(15,-133)}]
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\draw [fill=space] (-15,9) rectangle (15,-9);
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\tkzDefPoint(0,0){O}
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\tkzDefPoint(-7,0){E}
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\tkzDefPoint(-5,0){Er}
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\tkzDefPoint(13,0){L}
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\tkzDefPoint(14,0){Lr}
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%
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\draw (O) [->,color=white, ultra thick, partial ellipse=300:655:13 and 6.5];
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\draw (O) [->,color=white, ultra thick, dashed, partial ellipse=310:665:13.2 and 6.7];
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%
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth](E,Er)
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon](L,Lr)
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%
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\tkzDefPoint(13.2,0){L1}
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\tkzDefPoint(14.2,0){Lr1}
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\tkzDrawCircle[fill=moon,opacity=0.5](L1,Lr1)
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-121)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1,2) rectangle (29,-2);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {A sua volta la protuberanza oceanica agisce sulla Luna "trascinandola" nel suo moto di rivoluzione. Come conseguenza la Luna ruota intorno alla Terra a una velocità di anno in anno leggermente superiore.};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-143)}]
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\draw [ultra thick, fill=dida] (1,2) rectangle (29,-2);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,0) {A causa di questo aumento di velocità, il raggio medio dell'orbita lunare aumenta ogni anno di circa 3.8 cm, spingendo la Luna sempre un po' più lontano dalla Terra.};
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\end{scope}
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%
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\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-147)}]
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\node at (27,0) () {\includegraphics[width=3.7cm]{licenza}};
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\node at (18,-0.1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Testo e illustrazioni: @ulaulaman - Gianluigi Filippelli}};
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\end{scope}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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%
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\end{document} |