\documentclass{standalone} % \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds} \usetikzlibrary{plotmarks} \usetikzlibrary{bending,arrows.meta,snakes,shapes} \usepackage{pgfplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=newest} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{tkz-euclide} \usetkzobj{all} % \definecolor{space}{HTML}{1F2C4E} \definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA} \definecolor{moon}{HTML}{AFAFAF} % \usepackage{mathptmx} \usepackage{fontspec} % \setmainfont{Montserrat} \title{Spin} \begin{document} \tikzset{ declare function={f(\x)=sin(540*\x);} } \begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth},background rectangle/.style={fill=space},show background rectangle] % \begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2] %asse z \tkzDefPoint(0,-15){Z1} \tkzDefPoint(0,15){Z2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Z1,Z2) \node [right] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}}; \node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{z}}}; %asse y \tkzDefPoint(-5,-2){Y1} \tkzDefPoint(5,2){Y2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Y1,Y2) \node [right] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}}; \node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{y}}}; %asse x \tkzDefPoint(-5,2){X1} \tkzDefPoint(5,-2){X2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](X1,X2) \node [right] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}}; \node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{x}}}; %ellisse superiore \tkzDefPoint(0,10){C} \tkzDefPoint(3,10){A} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C,A) %centro \tkzDefPoint(0,0){V} %ellisse centrale \tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center C angle -60](A) \tkzGetPoint{s} % \tkzDefLine[parallel=through s](V,C) \tkzGetPoint{s'} \tkzInterLL(s,s')(X1,X2) \tkzGetPoint{s1} \tkzInterLL(s,s')(Y1,Y2) \tkzGetPoint{s2} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](V,s1) % \tkzTangent[from=V](C,A) \tkzGetPoints{a}{b} \tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a V,b) %ellisse inferiore \tkzDefPoint(0,-10){C1} \tkzDefPoint(3,-10){A1} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C1,A1) \tkzTangent[from=V](C1,A1) \tkzGetPoints{a1}{b1} \tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a1 V,b1) % \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,C) \node [left] at (C) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont +\emph{ħ}/2}}; \draw (-0.05,-10) -- (0.05,-10); \node [left] at (C1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -\emph{ħ}/2}}; % \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=moon](V,s) \node [left, above] at (s) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont S}}; %spin x e y \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s1) \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s2) \end{scope} % \begin{scope}[rotate around={-30:(0,0)}] \begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=4] \tkzDefPoint(0,4.8){v1} \tkzDefPoint(0,5.6){v2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick, color=white](v1,v2) \tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C'} \tkzDefPoint(0.25,5.2){A'} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C',A') \end{scope} % \begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2,shift={(0,12)}] \tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}} \tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C''} \tkzDefPoint(0.3,5.2){A''} \tkzDefPoint(-0.3,5.2){B''} \tkzDrawArc[color=white,ultra thick](C'',B'')(A'') \end{scope} \end{scope} %destra \begin{scope}[shift={(50,0)}] \begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2] %asse z \tkzDefPoint(0,-15){Z1} \tkzDefPoint(0,15){Z2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Z1,Z2) \node [right] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}}; \node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{z}}}; %asse y \tkzDefPoint(-5,-2){Y1} \tkzDefPoint(5,2){Y2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Y1,Y2) \node [right] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}}; \node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{y}}}; %asse x \tkzDefPoint(-5,2){X1} \tkzDefPoint(5,-2){X2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](X1,X2) \node [right] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}}; \node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{x}}}; %ellisse superiore \tkzDefPoint(0,10){C} \tkzDefPoint(3,10){A} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C,A) %centro \tkzDefPoint(0,0){V} %ellisse inferiore \tkzDefPoint(0,-10){C1} \tkzDefPoint(3,-10){A1} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C1,A1) \tkzTangent[from=V](C1,A1) \tkzGetPoints{a1}{b1} \tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a1 V,b1) %ellisse centrale \tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center C1 angle -120](A1) \tkzGetPoint{s} % \tkzDefLine[parallel=through s](V,C) \tkzGetPoint{s'} \tkzInterLL(s,s')(X1,X2) \tkzGetPoint{s1} \tkzInterLL(s,s')(Y1,Y2) \tkzGetPoint{s2} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](V,s1) % \tkzTangent[from=V](C,A) \tkzGetPoints{a}{b} \tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a V,b) % \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,C1) \node [left] at (C1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -\emph{ħ}/2}}; \draw (-0.05,10) -- (0.05,10); \node [left] at (C) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont +\emph{ħ}/2}}; % \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=moon](V,s) \node [left, below] at (s) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -S}}; %spin x e y \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s1) \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s2) \end{scope} % \begin{scope}[rotate around={158:(0,0)}] \begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=4] \tkzDefPoint(0,4.8){v1} \tkzDefPoint(0,5.6){v2} \tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick, color=white](v1,v2) \tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C'} \tkzDefPoint(0.25,5.2){A'} \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C',A') \end{scope} % \begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2,shift={(0,12)}] \tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}} \tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C''} \tkzDefPoint(0.3,5.2){A''} \tkzDefPoint(-0.3,5.2){B''} \tkzDrawArc[color=white,ultra thick](C'',B'')(A'') \end{scope} \end{scope} \end{scope} \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}