From 8f97944ae94caabd8c184de1c0d01c037fc5887b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ulaulaman Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2021 01:57:15 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] work in progress --- infographics/spaziotempo.tex | 369 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 369 insertions(+) create mode 100644 infographics/spaziotempo.tex diff --git a/infographics/spaziotempo.tex b/infographics/spaziotempo.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69fa7ad --- /dev/null +++ b/infographics/spaziotempo.tex @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +% +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds, + arrows.meta, + calc, + decorations.pathmorphing, +shapes.callouts} +\usepackage{tkz-euclide} +%\usetkzobj{all} +\usepackage{xcolor} +\usepackage{ifthen} +% +\definecolor{space}{HTML}{1F2C4E} +\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA} +\definecolor{dida}{HTML}{FFDE00} +\definecolor{title}{HTML}{FBA706} +\definecolor{moon}{HTML}{AFAFAF} +\definecolor{spacetime}{HTML}{0CF508} +\definecolor{star}{HTML}{45457D} +\definecolor{radiation}{HTML}{FFD016} +\definecolor{bh2}{HTML}{FDBF38} +\definecolor{bh3}{HTML}{5A0701} +% +\usepackage{fontspec} +\setmainfont{Open Dyslexic} +% +\title{Lo spaziotempo} +\begin{document} + \tikzset{ + partial ellipse/.style args = {#1:#2:#3}{insert path={+ (#1:#3) arc (#1:#2:#3)}}, + notice/.style = { draw, ellipse callout, callout relative pointer={#1} }, + } + \begin{tikzpicture}[background rectangle/.style={fill=white},show background rectangle,>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth}] + %title + \draw [black,ultra thick,fill=title] (0,9.8) rectangle (30,16.8); + \node at (15,14.8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{90}{91}\selectfont Analogie}}; + \node at (15,11.8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{90}{91}\selectfont spaziotemporali}}; + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,5)}] + \draw [ultra thick, fill=earth] (20.5,4) rectangle (25.5,-4); + \node at (23,0) {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{carl_sagan}}; + \node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(3,0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, text width=12cm, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (1,-1) {Benvenuti! Oggi parliamo di un concetto molto importante per la relatività speciale e generale: lo spaziotempo.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-4)}] + \draw [ultra thick, fill=earth] (4.5,4) rectangle (9.5,-4); + \node at (7,0) {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{carl_sagan}}; + \node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(-3,0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, text width=12cm, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (12,-1) {Uno dei modelli per raccontare la teoria della relatività generale più utilizzati è quello del telo elastico con al centro una massa che lo deforma.}; + % + \begin{scope}[ + shift={(18,-10)},yslant=0.5,xslant=-2 + ] + \foreach \x in {0,2,...,6} + \foreach \y in {0,2,...,6} + \fill (\x,\y) rectangle (1+\x,1+\y) rectangle (2+\x,2+\y); + \draw [thick] (0,0) rectangle (8,8); + %\draw [fill=white,opacity=0.5] (4,4) circle (1cm); + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[yslant=0.5,xslant=-2] + \foreach \x in {0,1,...,8} + \foreach \y in {0,1,...,8} { + \tkzDefPoint(\x,\y){P\x\y} + } + \foreach \i in {0,1,...,3} { + %\tkzDrawLine(P\i0,P\i6) + %\draw (P\i0) -- (P\i6); + %\draw (4,4) [partial ellipse=90:270:-\i+4 and 4]; + \draw (P\i0) to[out=90+10*\i,in=270-10*\i] (P\i6); + } + \foreach \i in {5,6,...,8} { + %\tkzDrawLine(P\i0,P\i6) + %\draw (P\i0) -- (P\i6); + %\draw (4,4) [partial ellipse=90:270:-\i+4 and 4]; + %\def\j{8-\i} + %\draw (P\i0) to[out=270-10*\j,in=90+10*\j] (P\i6); + } + \foreach \i in {0,1,...,7} { + %\tkzDrawLine(P0\i,P6\i) + \draw (P0\i) -- (P6\i); + } + + %\fill (\x,\y) rectangle (1+\x,1+\y) rectangle (2+\x,2+\y); + %\draw [thick] (0,0) rectangle (8,8); + \end{scope} + % + \draw [fill=red] (14.5,-7.5) circle (1cm); + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,31)}] + \draw[fill=space,ultra thick] (0.5,8) rectangle (28,-6.7); + %dida + \begin{scope} + % + %\node at (20,7) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Un buco nero è una}}; + %\node at (20,6) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont regione sferica dello spazio tempo}}; + %\node at (20,5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont da cui nemmeno la luce è in grado}}; + %\node at (20,4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont di fuggire.}}; + %\node at (20,3) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Il raggio di questa sfera}}; + %\node at (20,2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont è detto raggio di Schwarzschild}}; + %\node at (20,0.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont $r_S = \frac{2GM}{c^2}$}}; + %\draw[fill=dida,thick] (11,-6.5) rectangle (29.2,-0.8); + %\node at (20,-1.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Questo raggio è anche detto}}; + %\node at (20,-2.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont \emph{orizzonte degli eventi}}}; + %\node at (20,-3.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont perché oltre questa superficie}}; + %\node at (20,-4.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont non sappiamo cosa succede alla materia}}; + %\node at (20,-5.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont né se le leggi fisiche sono ancora valide.}}; + \end{scope} + %blackhole + %\draw[fill=black] (7,1) circle (6cm); + \draw [color=white, ultra thick] (3,1) -- (15,1); + \draw (9,1) [color=white,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:0:6 and 3]; + \node at (3,0) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Ottawa}}; + \node at (15,0) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Venezia}}; + % + %\draw[ultra thick,color=white,->] (7,1) -- (11.24,5.24) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{12}{13}\selectfont Raggio di Schwarzschild, $r_S$}}; + %\draw (7,1) [color=moon,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:360:6 and 3]; + \end{scope} + %flamm paraboloid + \begin{scope}[shift={(16,55.5)}] + % + \draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (-13,9) rectangle (13,-5); + % + \draw [color=white] (-0.1,-2.9) to[out=90,in=275] (-0.9,8.3); + \draw [color=white] (-0.6,-2.7) to[out=98,in=300] (-5.1,7.8); + \draw [color=white] (-1.1,-2.7) to[out=100,in=314] (-8.7,6.7); + \draw [color=white] (-1.3,-2.4) to[out=120,in=325] (-5.9,1.9) to[out=148,in=335] (-11.2,4.9); + \draw [color=white] (-1.6,-2.4) to[out=130,in=330] (-4.9,0.1) to[out=150,in=340] (-12,2.9); + % + \draw [color=white] (0.3,-2.9) to[out=81,in=250] (3.5,8.1); + \draw [color=white] (0.8,-2.6) to[out=76,in=231] (7.4,7.2); + \draw [color=white] (1.4,-2.5) to[out=65,in=214] (10.5,5.6); + \draw [color=white] (1.7,-2.4) to[out=75,in=210] (4.85,0.5) to[out=20,in=180] (11.9,2.4); + % + %\draw (0,-3.6) [color=white,partial ellipse=0:180:1.4 and 0.7]; + \draw (0,-1.8) [color=white,partial ellipse=0:180:2.1 and 1]; + \draw (0,-1.2) [color=white,partial ellipse=0:180:2.8 and 1.3]; + \draw (0,-0.6) [color=white,partial ellipse=0:180:3.5 and 1.6]; + \draw (0,0) [color=white,partial ellipse=0:180:4.2 and 1.8]; + \draw (0,0.3) [color=white,partial ellipse=0:180:4.9 and 2.1]; + % + \draw[fill=earth] (0,0) circle (2.9cm); + % + \draw [color=white] (-1.6,-2.4) to[out=150,in=330] (-3.5,-1) to[out=160,in=350] (-10.8,0.7); + \draw [color=white] (-1.3,-2.6) to[out=165,in=330] (-2.9,-1.4) to[out=165,in=360] (-7.8,-1); + \draw [color=white] (-1,-2.7) to[out=130,in=330] (-2,-1.6) to[out=160,in=30] (-4.6,-1.9); + \draw [color=white] (-0.5,-2.85) to[out=90,in=350] (-1,-1.8) to[out=160,in=40] (-1.8,-2.25); + % + \draw [color=white] (1.5,-2.5) to[out=80,in=214] (3.5,-1) to[out=20,in=180] (9,-0.5); + \draw [color=white] (0.65,-2.8) to[out=80,in=214] (1.7,-1.7) to[out=20,in=170] (5.2,-1.8); + \draw [color=white] (0.1,-2.9) to [out=88,in=250] (0.3,-1.8) to[out=20,in=140] (1,-2.3); + % + %\draw (0,-3.6) [color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:1.4 and 0.7]; + \draw (0,-1.8) [color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:2.1 and 1]; + \draw (0,-1.2) [color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:2.8 and 1.3]; + \draw (0,-0.6) [color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:3.5 and 1.6]; + \draw (0,0) [color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:4.2 and 1.8]; + \draw (0,0.3) [color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:4.9 and 2.1]; + \draw [color=white] (0,0.6) ellipse (5.6cm and 2.4cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,0.9) ellipse (6.3cm and 2.7cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,1.2) ellipse (7cm and 3cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,1.5) ellipse (7.7cm and 3.3cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,1.8) ellipse (8.5cm and 3.7cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,2.1) ellipse (9.3cm and 4.1cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,2.4) ellipse (10.2cm and 4.5cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,2.7) ellipse (11.1cm and 4.9cm); + \draw [color=white] (0,3) ellipse (12cm and 5.3cm); + %dida + %\draw [black,thick,fill=dida] (-14,-4) rectangle (14,-15); + %\node at (0,-5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Ogni oggetto celeste dotato di massa deforma lo spaziotempo}}; + %\node at (0,-6) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont intorno a se. In particolare la deformazione generata da un}}; + %\node at (0,-7) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont buco nero è tale per cui la velocità di fuga dalla superficie}}; + %\node at (0,-8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont è superiore a quella della luce}}; + %\node at (0,-9.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont $v_f = \sqrt{\frac{r_s}{r}} \, c$}}; + %\node at (0,-11) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont La formula ci dice che al centro del buco nero $(r=0)$,}}; + %\node at (0,-12) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont la velocità di fuga è infinita, il che è fisicamente impossibile.}}; + %\node at (0,-13) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Questo ci suggerisce che all'interno del buco nero}}; + %\node at (0,-14) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont la fisica è differente rispetto a quella che conosciamo.}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-38.8)}] + \draw[fill=space,ultra thick] (0.5,7.5) rectangle (29,-5.5); + \draw [->,color=white,ultra thick] (3,1) -- (15,1); + \draw [->,color=white,ultra thick] (4,-4) -- (4,6); + % + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (7,-3) -- (7,5); + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (9,-3) -- (11,5); + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (12,-3) to[out=90,in=214] (14,5); + % + \node at (16,1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont x}}; + \node at (3,6) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont t}}; + % + \node at (7,-4) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont a}}; + \node at (9,-4) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont b}}; + \node at (12,-4) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont c}}; + %dida + %\draw[fill=dida,thick] (12.5,6) rectangle (29.5,-3); + %sun + %\draw[fill=white] (7,1) circle (6cm); + %\draw (7,1) [color=black,dashed,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:0:6 and 3]; + %\draw[ultra thick,color=black,->] (7,1) -- (11.24,5.24) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{12}{13}\selectfont Raggio del Sole, $70000 \, km$}}; + %\draw (7,1) [color=black,ultra thick,partial ellipse=180:360:6 and 3]; + %dida text + %\node at (21,5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Per ogni oggetto dotato di massa}}; + %\node at (21,4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont è possibile calcolare il corrispondente}}; + %\node at (21,3) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont raggio di Schwarzschild. Ad esempio}}; + %\node at (21,2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont quello del Sole è di $3 \, km$.}}; + %\node at (21,1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Questo vuol dire che se il Sole}}; + %\node at (21,0) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont diventasse un buco nero,}}; + %\node at (21,-1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont tutta la sua massa si concentrerebbe}}; + %\node at (21,-2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont in una sfera di 3 chilometri di raggio.}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(-6,-54.3)},decoration=snake] + \draw[color=star,fill=star] (15,0) circle (6cm); + \draw[color=radiation!20!star,fill=radiation!20!star] (15,0) circle (5.5cm); + \draw[color=radiation,fill=radiation] (15,0) circle (4.5cm); + \foreach \x in {0,1,2,3} + {\begin{scope}[rotate around={(90 * \x):(15,0)}] + \draw [->, color=white, ultra thick] (15,5.5) -- (15,4.5); + \draw [-,decorate,color=radiation,ultra thick,rotate around={45:(15,0)}] (15,4.5) -- (15,5.3); + \draw [->,color=radiation,ultra thick,rotate around={45:(15,0)}] (15,5.3)-- (15,5.5); + \end{scope}} + % + \draw [<-,ultra thick] (20,0) -- (20,-0.5) -- (21.5,-0.5); + \draw [fill=white,thick] (21.5,0.3) rectangle (26.5,-1.5); + \node at (23.4,-0.2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont Attrazione}}; + \node at (24,-0.9) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont gravitazionale}}; + % + \draw [<-,ultra thick] (18.5,3.4) -- (19.4,2.5) -- (21.5,2.5); + \draw [fill=white,thick] (21.5,3.3) rectangle (28.2,1.6); + \node at (24.8,2.8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont Radiazione nucleare}}; + \node at (22.5,2.1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont forte}}; + %dida up + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (8.4,9.2) rectangle (33.8,5.8); + \node at (21,8.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont All'interno di una stella, quando l'equilibrio tra attrazione}}; + \node at (21,7.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont gravitazionale e forza nucleare forte viene rotto}}; + \node at (21,6.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont a favore della prima, la stella collassa.}}; + % + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (20.5,-2.3) rectangle (35.5,-7.7); + \node at (28,-3) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Non tutte le stelle possono}}; + \node at (28,-4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont diventare buchi neri, ma solo}}; + \node at (28,-5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont quelle la cui massa è superiore al}}; + \node at (28,-6) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont "limite di Chandrasekhar", che è}}; + \node at (28,-7) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont all'incirca 1.44 masse solari}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-68)}] + %background + \draw [fill=space,ultra thick] (0.5,5) rectangle (29.5,-8); + %dida + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (0.3,4.7) rectangle (13.6,-1.7); + %blackhole + \draw[fill=black] (18,0) circle (4cm); + % + \draw (18,0) [ultra thick,color=white,partial ellipse=290:330:8 and 2]; + \draw [fill=white] (20.8,-1.85) circle (0.2cm); + % + \draw (18,0) [ultra thick,color=white,rotate around={30:(18,0)},partial ellipse=160:120:9 and 3.6]; + \draw [fill=white] (12.5,0.4) circle (0.2cm); + % + \draw (18,0) [ultra thick,color=white,rotate around={120:(18,0)},partial ellipse=110:140:10 and 2.8]; + \draw [fill=white] (17.4,-4.2) circle (0.2cm); + % + \node at (7,4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Per scoprire un buco nero,}}; + \node at (7,3) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont poiché neanche la luce riesce}}; + \node at (7,2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont a sfuggire alla sua superficie, }}; + \node at (7,1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont si studiano i moti orbitali}}; + \node at (7,0) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont delle stelle che}}; + \node at (7,-1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont gli ruotano attorno}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-86.5)}] + \draw [fill=space,ultra thick] (0.5,6.5) rectangle (29.5,-5); + %m87 graphic interpretation + \draw [color=bh3,fill=bh3,ultra thick] (15,0.4) ellipse (4.4cm and 3.8cm); + \draw [color=bh2,fill=bh2,ultra thick] (17,1.4) to[out=180,in=230] (15.95,0.6) -- (14.2,0.6) to[out=100,in=0] (14,2.6) to[out=180,in=75] (12,0.9) to[out=255,in=90] (11.9,0.2) to[out=265,in=150] (13,-1.55) to[out=330,in=175] (15.1,-2.5) to[out=0,in=250] (17.9,-0.1) to[out=75,in=10] (17,1.4); + \draw [color=black,fill=black,ultra thick,rotate around={-10:(15.1,0.9)}] (15.1,0.9) ellipse (0.9cm and 1.1cm); + \draw [color=white,fill=white,ultra thick] (13.2,0.7) to[out=350,in=10] (13.4,-0.7) to[out=170,in=210] (13.2,0.7); + \draw [color=white,fill=white,rotate around={14:(13.2,0)}] (13.2,0) ellipse (0.3cm and 0.6cm); + \draw [color=white,fill=white] (14.5,-1.3) to[out=310,in=250] (16.9,-0.1) to[out=95,in=50] (16.4,0) to[out=240,in=360] (15,-1) to[out=170,in=120] (14.5,-1.3); + % + \draw [<-,color=white,ultra thick] (18.5,1) -- (21,1); + \node at (25,1.8) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont Materia che sta cadendo}}; + \node at (25.1,1.1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont nel buco nero attraverso}}; + \node at (24.8,0.4) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont l'orizzonte degli eventi}}; + % + \draw [thick,fill=dida] (14.1,-4.3) rectangle (28.9,-5.8); + \node at (21.5,-4.7) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont La foto del buco nero può essere vista al seguente link}}; + \node at (21.5,-5.4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont https://www.eso.org/public/italy/news/eso1907/}}; + % + \draw [<-,color=white,ultra thick] (15.1,0.9) -- (5,-2.5); + \node at (5,-3) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont Buco nero al centro di M87}}; + %dida up + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (0.2,10.2) rectangle (29.8,6.8); + \node at (15,9.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Il 10 aprile del 2019 è stata rilasciata}}; + \node at (15,8.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont la prima foto di un buco nero realizzata}}; + \node at (15,7.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont grazie a una rete di radiotelescopi: Event Horizon Telescope}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-103)}] + % + \draw [fill=space,ultra thick] (1,7.5) rectangle (29,-10); + % + \draw (13.5,-1.5) [ultra thick,color=white,partial ellipse=180:360:4.8 and 4.8]; + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (1,0) to[out=30,in=180] (11.9,4.2) to[out=0,in=90] (18.3,-1.5); + % + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (8.7,-1.5) to[out=92,in=215] (11.9,4.2) to[out=30,in=185] (17.2,5.9) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,6.2) -- (28.9,6.2);%1 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (9.1,-1.5) to[out=92,in=215] (12,3.9) to[out=30,in=185] (17.2,5.6) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,5.9) -- (28.9,5.9);%2 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (9.6,-1.5) to[out=96,in=215] (12.1,3.6) to[out=30,in=186.5] (17.2,5.3) to[out=6.5,in=180] (24.5,5.6) -- (28.9,5.6);%3 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (10.1,-1.5) to[out=100,in=215] (12.2,3.35) to[out=32,in=186] (17.2,5) to[out=6,in=180] (24.5,5.3) -- (28.9,5.3);%4 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (10.6,-1.5) to[out=110,in=215] (12.3,3.1) to[out=34,in=186] (17.2,4.7) to[out=6,in=180] (24.5,5) -- (28.9,5);%5 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (11,-1.5) to[out=120,in=215] (12.4,2.8) to[out=36,in=186] (17.2,4.4) to[out=6,in=180] (24.5,4.7) -- (28.9,4.7);%6 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (11.4,-1.5) to[out=120,in=215] (12.5,2.55) to[out=36,in=186] (17.2,4.1) to[out=6,in=180] (24.5,4.4) -- (28.9,4.4);%7 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (11.8,-1.5) to[out=120,in=215] (12.6,2.3) to[out=36,in=186] (17.2,3.85) to[out=6,in=180] (24.5,4.1) -- (28.9,4.1);%8 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (12.2,-1.5) to[out=120,in=215] (12.7,2.1) to[out=36,in=186] (17.2,3.6) to[out=6,in=180] (24.5,3.8) -- (28.9,3.8);%9 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (12.4,0.8) to[out=120,in=220] (12.8,1.8) to[out=40,in=186] (17.2,3.3) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,3.5) -- (28.9,3.5);%10 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (12.7,1.4) to[out=44,in=186] (17.2,3.05) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,3.2) -- (28.9,3.2);%11 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (13,1.3) to[out=41,in=186] (17.2,2.8) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,2.9) -- (28.9,2.9);%12 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (13.7,1.5) to[out=36,in=186] (17.2,2.5) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,2.6) -- (28.9,2.6);%13 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (14,1.4) to[out=32,in=186] (17.2,2.2) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,2.3) -- (28.9,2.3);%14 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (14.3,1.25) to[out=32,in=186] (17.2,1.9) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,2.05) -- (28.9,2.05);%15 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (14.6,1.1) to[out=32,in=186] (16.7,1.6) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,1.75) -- (28.9,1.75);%16 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (14.9,0.9) to[out=32,in=186] (16.7,1.35) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,1.45) -- (28.9,1.45);%17 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (15.2,0.7) to[out=32,in=186] (16.7,1.1) to[out=5,in=180] (24.5,1.15) -- (28.9,1.15);%18 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (15.5,0.6) to[out=20,in=186] (16.7,0.85) to[out=3,in=180] (24.5,0.85) -- (28.9,0.85);%19 + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (15.5,0.3) to[out=30,in=186] (16.7,0.55) to[out=1,in=180] (24.5,0.55) (28.9,0.55);%20 + \foreach \x in {0,1,2,3,4,5} + {\draw [color=white,ultra thick] (15.5,0.25-0.3*\x) -- (28.9,0.25-0.3*\x);} + % + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (9.1,-1.5) to[out=275,in=200] (13,-4.5); + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (9.6,-1.5) to[out=280,in=155] (11.3,-3.5); + \draw [color=white,ultra thick] (10.1,-1.5) to[out=290,in=155] (10.8,-2.3); + % + \draw [color=red,fill=black,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (13.5,-1.5) circle (4.5cm); + \draw [color=white,fill=black,ultra thick] (13.5,-1.5) circle (3cm); + \draw [color=white,fill=black,ultra thick] (25.7,-1.5) ellipse (3.2cm and 7.6cm); + % + \draw [<->,color=white,ultra thick] (13.5,-1.5) -- (13.5,1.5); + \node at (14.4,-0.2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont $r_S$}}; + \draw [<->,color=red,ultra thick,rotate around={45:(13.5,-1.5)}] (13.5,-1.5) -- (13.5,-6); + \node at (13.8,-3.5) {\textcolor{red}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont $1.5 \, r_S$}}; + \draw [->,color=white,ultra thick] (7,-2.5) -- (10.5,-1.5); + \node at (4.8,-2.1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Sfera di}}; + \node at (5.6,-3.1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont non ritorno}}; + \draw [->,color=red,ultra thick] (5.9,-5.1) -- (9.4,-3.5); + \node at (5.9,-6) {\textcolor{red}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Sfera di luce}}; + \draw [<->,color=white,ultra thick] (25.7,-1.5) -- (25.7,6.1) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{20}{21}\selectfont Raggio di cattura}};; + \node at (26.9,1.8) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont $2.6 \, r_S$}}; + %dida up + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (0.2,10.2) rectangle (29.8,6.8); + \node at (15,9.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont La macchia nera, però, è solo l'ombra del buco nero.}}; + \node at (15,8.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Il suo raggio, infatti, è la così detta zona di cattura della luce,}}; + \node at (15,7.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont grande all'incirca 2.6 raggi di Schwarzschild.}}; + % + \draw [thick,fill=dida] (14.1,-9.4) rectangle (28.9,-11.6); + \node at (21.5,-9.8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Schema ispirato dal video youtube di Veristasium da}}; + \node at (21.5,-10.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont un'idea di Gabriele Ghisellini}}; + \node at (21.5,-11.2) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Link video: https://youtu.be/zUyH3XhpLTo}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-115.8)}] + \node at (27,0) () {\includegraphics[width=3.7cm]{licenza}}; + \node at (18,-0.1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Testo e illustrazioni: @ulaulaman - Gianluigi Filippelli}}; + \end{scope} + \end{tikzpicture} +% +\end{document}