diff --git a/infographics/marte/mars_facts.tex b/infographics/marte/mars_facts.tex new file mode 100755 index 0000000..c4f4867 --- /dev/null +++ b/infographics/marte/mars_facts.tex @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +% +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,bending,arrows.meta} +% +\usepackage{tkz-euclide} +\usetkzobj{all} +% +\usepackage{xcolor} +\definecolor{space}{HTML}{0A2543} +\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA} +\definecolor{mars}{HTML}{DC7B4E} +\definecolor{dida}{HTML}{FFDE00} +\definecolor{title}{HTML}{FBA706} +\definecolor{moon}{HTML}{AFAFAF} +\definecolor{craterm}{HTML}{616060} +\definecolor{linem}{HTML}{DBDBDB} +\definecolor{core1}{HTML}{FF5E16} +\definecolor{core2}{HTML}{FF9616} +% +\usepackage{fontspec} +\setmainfont{Open Dyslexic} +% +\title{Fatti marziani} +\begin{document} + \tikzset{partial ellipse/.style args = {#1:#2:#3}{insert path={+ (#1:#3) arc (#1:#2:#3)}}} + \begin{tikzpicture}[background rectangle/.style={fill=white},show background rectangle,>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth}] + %title + \draw [black,ultra thick,fill=title] (0,8) rectangle (30,11.5); + \node at (14,9.8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{90}{91}\selectfont Fatti marziani}}; + %mars + \begin{scope}[scale=2.5] + \coordinate (E) at (2.6,0.4); + \coordinate (F) at (3.7,0.7); + \draw[fill=mars,ultra thick] (3,0.5) circle (2.1cm); + %scar + \draw[-,thick] (1.8,0.2) -- (2.9,1.5); + \draw[-] (1.9,0.2) -- (1.9,0.4); + \draw[-] (2,0.35) -- (2,0.55); + \draw[-] (2.1,0.45) -- (2.1,0.65); + \draw[-] (2.6,1.05) -- (2.6,1.25); + \draw[-] (2.7,1.15) -- (2.7,1.35); + \draw[-] (2.8,1.25) -- (2.8,1.45); + %eyebrows + \draw[-,thick] (2.25,1.3) -- (2.45,1.2); + \draw[-,thick] (3.45,1.2) -- (3.65,1.3); + %nose + \draw[-,thick] (2.95,0.1) to[out=105,in=85] (2.75,0) to[out=275,in=205] (3,-0.1); + %mouth + \draw[-,thick] (2.8,-0.6) -- (3,-0.55); + %eyes + \draw[fill=white] (2.4,0.7) ellipse (7pt and 10pt); + \draw[fill=white] (3.5,0.7) ellipse (7pt and 10pt); + \draw[fill=black,rotate around={-30:(E)}] (2.5,0.5) ellipse (2pt and 5pt); + \draw[fill=black,rotate around={-30:(F)}] (3.75,0.5) ellipse (2pt and 5pt); + \end{scope} + %dida mars + \begin{scope}[shift={(1,0)}] + \draw[fill=dida,thick] (13,-1.7) rectangle (27,4.2); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=13cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (13.5,1.5) {Marte è il 4.o pianeta dal Sole. Possiede due lune: Phobos, con un diametro di 22.2 chilometri e Deimos, con un diametro di 12.6 chilometri.}; + \end{scope} + %dimensions + \begin{scope}[scale=0.8,shift={(23.5,-14.5)}] + \draw[fill=space, ultra thick] (-22.5,8.5) rectangle (12.5,-9); + \draw[fill=moon, ultra thick] (8,0) circle (2cm); + \draw[fill=mars, ultra thick] (0,0) circle (3.9cm); + \draw[fill=earth, ultra thick] (-14,0) circle (7.34cm); + % + \draw[<->,earth] (-21.34,-8.5) -- (-6.66,-8.5) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{earth}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Terra: 6371 km}}; + \draw[<->,mars] (-3.9,-5) -- (3.9,-5) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{mars}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Marte: 3390 km}}; + \draw[<->,moon] (6,-3) -- (10,-3) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{moon}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Luna: 1737 km}}; + \end{scope} + %orbits + \begin{scope}[scale=1.5,shift={(0.4,-23.5)}] + \coordinate (S) at (0,5); + \coordinate (E) at (12,3); + \coordinate (M) at (18,9); + % + \draw[fill=space, ultra thick] (0,10) rectangle (19,-1.2); + %earth orbit + \draw[gray,ultra thick] (11,0) to[out=50,in=70] (E); + \draw[gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (E) to[out=90,in=300] (9.8,10); + %mars orbit + \draw[gray,ultra thick] (17.5,0) to[out=70,in=290] (M); + \draw[gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (M) to[out=110,in=300] (17.5,10); + %sun + \draw[fill=white] (S) arc (90:-90:2) -- (S); + %earth + \draw[fill=earth] (E) circle (0.5cm); + %mars + \draw[fill=mars] (M) circle (0.25cm); + %arrows + \draw[<->,dashed,gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (2.2,3) -- (11.3,3) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{earth}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont 150 milioni di chilometri}}; + \draw[<->,dashed,gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (2.15,3.7) -- (17.7,8.9) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) {\textcolor{mars}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont 229 milioni di chilometri}}; + % + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (0.5,9.3) rectangle (8.8,7.7); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=12cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (0.7,8.5) {Distanza media tra il Sole e le orbite di Terra e Marte.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(10,-35)}] + \draw[fill=dida, thick] (1.9,1) rectangle (18.1,-3.4); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=16cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2.3,-1.2) {Un anno su Marte dura 687 giorni, quasi il doppio di un anno terrestre. La sua temperatura media è di $63 ^\circ C$, con variazioni da $-140 ^\circ C$ a $+30 ^\circ C$.}; + \end{scope} + %retrograde motion + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-52)}] + \clip (1,15) rectangle (30,-10); + \draw [fill=black] (1,9) rectangle (29,-9); + \tkzDefPoint(3,0){S} + \tkzDrawCircle[R,fill=white](S,1.5 cm) + \tkzDefShiftPoint[S](4,0){A} + \tkzDrawCircle[color=white, ultra thick](S,A) + \tkzDefShiftPoint[S](6,0){B} + \tkzDrawCircle[color=white, ultra thick](S,B) + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[S](1,0){L} + \foreach \i in {-1,-2,1,2} + {\tkzDefPointBy[rotation = center S angle 30*\i](A) \tkzGetPoint{A\i}} + % + \foreach \i in {-1,-2,1,2} + {\tkzDefPointBy[rotation = center S angle 16.5*\i](B) \tkzGetPoint{B\i}} + % + \tkzInterLL(A,B)(A1,B1) \tkzGetPoint{AB} + \tkzDefShiftPoint[AB](4.5,0){H} + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](-3,8){H1} + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](3,5){H2} + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](3,-8){H3} + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](-3,-5){H4} + \tkzDrawPolygon[fill=space](H1,H2,H3,H4) + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](0,0){F} + \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F](H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint{f} + \tkzInterLL(F,f)(A,B) \tkzGetPoint{M3} + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[F](0.5,0){F1} + \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F1](H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint{f1} + \tkzInterLL(F1,f1)(A-1,B-1) \tkzGetPoint{M2} + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[F](-0.5,0){F2} + \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F2](H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint{f2} + \tkzInterLL(F2,f2)(A1,B1) \tkzGetPoint{M4} + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](2,0){F3} + \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F3](H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint{f3} + \tkzInterLL(F3,f3)(A-2,B-2) \tkzGetPoint{M1} + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[H](-2,0){F4} + \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F4](H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint{f4} + \tkzInterLL(F4,f4)(A2,B2) \tkzGetPoint{M5} + % + \tkzDefShiftPoint[M2](1,2.5){I1} + \tkzDefShiftPoint[M4](-1,-2.5){I2} + % + \draw [white] plot [smooth, tension=0.9] coordinates { (M1) (I1) (M2) (M3) (M4) (I2) (M5) }; + % + \tkzDrawSegments[color=white](A-2,M1 A,M3 A-1,M2 A1,M4 A2,M5) + \tkzDrawCircle[R,fill=earth](A,0.2 cm) + \foreach \i in {-1,-2,1,2} + {\tkzDrawCircle[R,fill=earth](A\i,0.2 cm)} + \tkzDrawCircle[R,fill=mars](B,0.2 cm) + \foreach \i in {-1,-2,1,2} + {\tkzDrawCircle[R,fill=mars](B\i,0.2 cm)} + \foreach \i in {1,...,5} + {\tkzDrawCircle[R,fill=mars](M\i,0.2 cm)} + % + \draw[fill=dida, thick] (1.3,12) rectangle (28.8,8); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=27cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (1.5,10) {Quando Marte si avvicina all'opposizione, sembra mostrare un moto retrogrado apparente, ovvero sembra momentaneamente tornare indietro lungo la sua traiettoria per poi riprendere la direzione usuale.}; + \end{scope} + %gravity + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-70)}] + \draw [fill=space,ultra thick] (0.5,6.5) rectangle (29.5,-5); + %on the earth + \draw [fill=mars] (7,4.1) circle (0.5cm); + \draw (7,3.8) [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=200:340:3 and 0.5]; + \draw [color=craterm,ultra thick] (7,3) -- (7,3.3); + \draw [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick] (4,3) rectangle (10,-3); + \foreach \o in {0,1,...,9} + \draw [thick,rotate around={36*\o:(7,0)}] (7,2) -- (7,2.4); + \draw [color=red,ultra thick,rotate around={-353.16:(7,0)}] (7,0) -- (7,1.8); + \draw [fill=black] (7,0) circle (0.2cm); + \draw [fill=earth,opacity=0.4] (7,0) circle (2.5cm); + %on mercury + \draw [fill=mars] (23,4.1) circle (0.5cm); + \draw (23,3.8) [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=200:340:3 and 0.5]; + \draw [color=craterm,ultra thick] (23,3) -- (23,3.3); + \draw [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick] (20,3) rectangle (26,-3); + \foreach \o in {0,1,...,9} + \draw [thick,rotate around={36*\o:(23,0)}] (23,2) -- (23,2.4); + \draw [color=red,ultra thick,rotate around={-133.15:(23,0)}] (23,0) -- (23,1.8); + \draw [fill=black] (23,0) circle (0.2cm); + \draw [fill=earth,opacity=0.4] (23,0) circle (2.5cm); + % + \draw [thick,fill=title] (9,8.3) rectangle (21,6.3); + \node at (15,7.3) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Accelerazione di gravità}}; + \node at (15,3) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Sulla Terra}}; + \node at (15,2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont 9.81 m/s}}; + \node at (17,2.3) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{11}{12}\selectfont 2}}; + % + \node at (15,0) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Su Marte}}; + \node at (15,-1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont 3.69 m/s}}; + \node at (17,-0.7) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{11}{12}\selectfont 2}}; + \node at (15,-4) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont Peso di 10 kg}}; + % + \draw [fill=white,thick] (8.8,-4.5) rectangle (5.2,-3.5); + \node at (7,-4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont 98.1 N}}; + \draw [fill=white,thick] (24.8,-4.5) rectangle (21.2,-3.5); + \node at (23,-4) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont 36.9 N}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-90)}] + \draw [fill=dida] (2,14) rectangle (28.1,10.2); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=center, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2,12.2) {La gravità su Marte risulta, quindi, il $62.4 \%$ inferiore rispetto a quella sulla Terra. Questo vuol dire che, a parità di spinta, il record di salto in alto su Marte sarebbe più... alto!}; + % + \draw [fill=earth] (14,4.5) ellipse (0.2cm and 0.7cm); + \draw (14.2,2.3) [fill=mars] ellipse (0.3cm and 1.5cm); + \draw (14.2,1.9) [fill=black] circle (0.3cm); + \draw [fill=earth] (15,4.2) ellipse (0.9cm and 2.1cm); + \draw [fill=earth] (16,4.9) ellipse (0.2cm and 0.9cm); + \draw [fill=moon] (16,5.9) ellipse (0.1cm and 0.3cm); + \draw [fill=mars] (15.8,2.3) ellipse (0.3cm and 1.5cm); + \draw [fill=black] (15.8,2.7) circle (0.3cm); + \draw [fill=moon] (15,7) circle (0.8cm); + % + \draw [fill=black] (10,8.7) -- (20,8.7) -- (20,8.6) -- (10,8.6) -- (10,8.7); + \draw [fill=white] (10.5,0) -- (10.5,8.9) -- (10.6,8.9) -- (10.6,0) -- (10.5,0); + \draw [fill=white] (19.4,0) -- (19.4,8.9) -- (19.5,8.9) -- (19.5,0) -- (19.4,0); + \fill [craterm] (2,0.8) rectangle (28,-0.1); + % + \node at (7,8.7) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont Sulla Terra}}; + \node at (7,8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont 2.45 m}}; + \node at (23,8.7) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont Su Marte}}; + \node at (23,8) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{17}{18}\selectfont 6.51 m}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-108)}] + \draw [fill=earth, opacity=0.4] (15,0) circle (11cm); + \draw [fill=mars,ultra thick] (15,0) circle (10cm); + \draw [fill=craterm] (15,0) [partial ellipse=-90:90:9.5 and 9.5] (15,0) [partial ellipse=90:270:4 and 9.5]; + % + \draw [fill=core2] (15,0) [partial ellipse=-90:90:8.8 and 8.8] (15,0) [partial ellipse=90:270:3.4 and 8.8]; + \draw (15,9.5) -- (15,-9.5); + \draw [fill=core1] (15,0) [partial ellipse=-90:90:3.5 and 3.5] (15,0) [partial ellipse=90:270:2.5 and 3.5]; + % + \draw [->,ultra thick] (10,14) -- (12,10); + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (2.5,16) rectangle (10,10); + \node [right] at (3,15.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont atmosfera}}; + \node [right] at (3,14.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont composizione:}}; + \node [right] at (3,13.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont anidride carbonica $95 \%$}}; + \node [right] at (3,12.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont azoto $2.6 \%$}}; + \node [right] at (3,11.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont argon $1.6 \%$}}; + \node [right] at (3,10.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont altri $0.8 \%$}}; + % + \draw [<-,ultra thick] (16,9) -- (20.3,10); + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (19.5,15) rectangle (25.5,9); + \node [right] at (20,14.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont crosta}}; + \node [right] at (20,13.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont spessore: 50 km}}; + \node [right] at (20,12.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont composizione:}}; + \node [right] at (20,11.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont ferro, magnesio,}}; + \node [right] at (20,10.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont alluminio, calcio,}}; + \node [right] at (20,9.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont potassio}}; + % + \draw [->,ultra thick] (21.5,4) -- (16,5.5); + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (21.5,5) rectangle (28,1); + \node [right] at (22,4.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont mantello}}; + \node [right] at (22,3.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont spessore: 1500 km}}; + \node [right] at (22,2.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont composizione:}}; + \node [right] at (22,1.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont silicato}}; + % + \draw [->,ultra thick] (11,-6) -- (15,-2); + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (4.5,-5) rectangle (11,-9); + \node [right] at (5,-5.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{23}{24}\selectfont nucleo}}; + \node [right] at (5,-6.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont raggio: 1800 km}}; + \node [right] at (5,-7.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont composizione:}}; + \node [right] at (5,-8.5) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont ferro, nichel, zolfo}}; + % + \draw [fill=dida,thick] (4.5,-11.5) rectangle (25.5,-12.5); + \node at (15,-12) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{15}{16}\selectfont La superficie di Marte è di colore rosso a causa delle sferule di ematite.}}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-122.5)}] + \node at (27,0) () {\includegraphics[width=3.7cm]{licenza}}; + \node at (18,-0.1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Testo e illustrazioni: @ulaulaman - Gianluigi Filippelli}}; + \end{scope} + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/infographics/pdf/mars_facts.pdf b/infographics/pdf/mars_facts.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a73202 Binary files /dev/null and b/infographics/pdf/mars_facts.pdf differ