diff --git a/infographics/pdf/raggi_cosmici.pdf b/infographics/pdf/raggi_cosmici.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24f05cf Binary files /dev/null and b/infographics/pdf/raggi_cosmici.pdf differ diff --git a/infographics/raggi_cosmici.tex b/infographics/raggi_cosmici.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2e292a --- /dev/null +++ b/infographics/raggi_cosmici.tex @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +% +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds} +\usetikzlibrary{calc} +\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing} +\usetikzlibrary{bending,arrows.meta} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.callouts} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.arrows} +\usepackage{array} +% +\usepackage{tkz-euclide} +% +%\usepackage{dsfont} +% +\usepackage{xcolor} +\definecolor{space}{HTML}{1F2C4E} +\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA} +\definecolor{mars}{HTML}{DC7B4E} +\definecolor{dida}{HTML}{FFDE00} +\definecolor{title}{HTML}{FBA706} +% +\usepackage{amsmath} +% +\usepackage{fontspec} +\setmainfont{Open Dyslexic} +% +\title{I raggi cosmici} +% +\begin{document} + \tikzset{partial ellipse/.style args = {#1:#2:#3}{insert path={+ (#1:#3) arc (#1:#2:#3)}}, + line/.style = { draw, ultra thick, ->, shorten >=2pt }, + particle/.style = { circle, draw=black, ultra thick, fill=dida, text width=8em, text centered, minimum height=5em }, + plus/.style = { circle, draw=black, ultra thick, fill=mars, text width=8em, text centered, minimum height=5em }, + menus/.style = { circle, draw=black, ultra thick, fill=space, text width=8em, text centered, minimum height=5em }, + neutro/.style = { circle, draw=black, ultra thick, fill=white, text width=8em, text centered, minimum height=5em }, + opt/.style = { rectangle, draw=black, ultra thick, fill=earth!50!white, text width=12em, text centered, minimum height=5em }, + notice/.style = { draw, ellipse callout, callout relative pointer={#1} }, + } + \begin{tikzpicture}[background rectangle/.style={fill=white},show background rectangle,>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth},my arrow/.style={decorate,decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.5 with {\arrow[scale=1.5]{>}};}}] + %title + \draw [black,ultra thick,fill=title] (0,2) rectangle (30,-2); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=center, text width=30cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{65pt}{66pt}\selectfont] at (0,0) {I raggi cosmici}; + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-7)}] + %\draw [ultra thick, fill=earth] (20.5,4) rectangle (25.5,-4); + \node at (23,0) {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{carl_sagan}}; + \node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(3,0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, text width=12cm, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (1,-1) {L'esistenza di una radiazione altamente penetrante fu osservata sin dagli inizi del XX secolo quando numerosi ricercatori notarono che gli elettroscopi si scaricavano anche quando schermati.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-16)}] + \draw [fill=dida, ultra thick] (2,2) rectangle (28,-2); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=25cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2.5,0) {I primi a dimostrare l'origine extraterrestre dei raggi cosmici furono \textbf{Victor Franz Hess} con il famoso esperimento della mongolfiera del 1912, e \textbf{Domenico Pacini}.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-22)}] + \node at (7,0) {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{carl_sagan}}; + \node (example-textwidth-2) [notice={(-3,0.5)}, ultra thick, right, align=center, text width=12cm, color=black, fill=white, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (12,-1) {Per questa scoperta venne assegnato il Premio Nobel nel 1936 al solo Hess: Pacini era deceduto appena due anni prima.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-29)}] + \draw [fill=dida, ultra thick] (2,2.5) rectangle (28,-2.5); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=25cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2.5,0) {I raggi cosmici primari, quelli che colpiscono l'atmosfera, sono particelle altamente energetiche, per lo piu' protoni, prodotte dai processi nucleari che avvengono all'interno delle stelle.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-35)}] + \draw [fill=space] (2,2) rectangle (28,-15); + \tkzDefPoint(25,0){S} + \tkzDefPoint(26,0){Rs} + \tkzDrawCircle[fill=white](S,Rs) + \tkzDefPoint(7,-10){E} + \tkzDefPoint(10,-10){Re} + \tkzDefPoint(10,-11){Ra} + \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth!50!white](E,Ra) + \tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth](E,Re) + \tkzDefPoint(24,-1){I} + \tkzDefPoint(11,-9){F} + \draw[->,ultra thick,color=white] (I) -- (F); + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-54)}] + \draw [fill=dida, ultra thick] (2,2.5) rectangle (28,-2.5); + \node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=25cm, color=black, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (2.5,0) {Questi protoni interagiscono con l'atmosfera terrestre e generano una vera e propria cascata di particelle, schematizzata secondo il diagramma qui sotto, che costituiscono i raggi cosmici secondari.}; + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-60)}] + \tkzDefPoint(15,-10){N1} + \node (inizio) [plus, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (15,0) {p}; + \node (collisioni1) [opt, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (15,-5) {Collisioni nucleari}; + \node (neutrone) [neutro, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (0,-15) {n}; + \tkzDefPoint(0,-22){N6} + \node (protone1) [plus, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (6,-15) {p}; + \node (pione1) [neutro, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (12,-15) {$\Pi^0$}; + \tkzDefPoint(12,-19){N2} + \node (pione2) [plus, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (18,-15) {$\Pi^+$}; + \tkzDefPoint(18,-25){N4} + \node (pione3) [menus, align=center, font=\color{white}\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (24,-15) {$\Pi^-$}; + \tkzDefPoint(24,-30){N5} + \node (antimateria) [opt, align=center, font=\fontsize{18pt}{19pt}\selectfont] at (30,-15) {Antimateria}; + \tkzDefPoint(30,-22){N7} + \node (collisioni2) [opt, align=center, font=\fontsize{18pt}{19pt}\selectfont] at (6,-28) {Collisioni nucleari}; + \tkzDefPoint(6,-30){N3} + \node (pione4) [neutro, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (5,-33) {$\Pi^0$}; + \node (pione5) [plus, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (10,-33) {$\Pi^+$}; + \node (pione6) [menus, align=center, font=\color{white}\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (15,-33) {$\Pi^-$}; + \node (protone2) [plus, align=center, font=\fontsize{15pt}{16pt}\selectfont] at (0,-33) {p}; + \node (gamma1) [particle, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (8,-22) {$\gamma$}; + \node (gamma2) [particle, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (16,-22) {$\gamma$}; + \node (coppia) [opt, align=center, font=\fontsize{18pt}{19pt}\selectfont] at (12,-26) {Produzione di coppia}; + \node (muone1) [plus, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (16,-28) {$\mu^+$}; + \node (neutrino1) [neutro, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (20,-28) {$\nu$}; + \node (muone2) [menus, align=center, font=\color{white}\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (22,-33) {$\mu^-$}; + \node (neutrino2) [neutro, align=center, font=\fontsize{23pt}{24pt}\selectfont] at (26,-33) {$\bar\nu$}; + % + \begin{scope}[every path/.style=line] + \path (inizio) -- (collisioni1); + \path (collisioni1) -- (N1) -- (0,-10) -- (neutrone); + \path (collisioni1) -- (N1) -- (6,-10) -- (protone1); + \path (collisioni1) -- (N1) -- (12,-10) -- (pione1); + \path (collisioni1) -- (N1) -- (18,-10) -- (pione2); + \path (collisioni1) -- (N1) -- (24,-10) -- (pione3); + \path (collisioni1) -- (N1) -- (30,-10) -- (antimateria); + \path (protone1) -- (collisioni2); + \path (collisioni2) -- (N3) -- (5,-30) -- (pione4); + \path (collisioni2) -- (N3) -- (10,-30) -- (pione5); + \path (collisioni2) -- (N3) -- (15,-30) -- (pione6); + \path (collisioni2) -- (N3) -- (0,-30) -- (protone2); + \path (pione1) -- (N2) -- (8,-19) -- (gamma1); + \path (pione1) -- (N2) -- (16,-19) -- (gamma2); + \path (gamma1) -- (coppia); + \path (gamma2) -- (coppia); + \path (pione2) -- (N4) -- (16,-25) -- (muone1); + \path (pione2) -- (N4) -- (20,-25) -- (neutrino1); + \path (pione3) -- (N5) -- (22,-30) -- (muone2); + \path (pione3) -- (N5) -- (26,-30) -- (neutrino2); + \path [dashed] (neutrone) -- (N6); + \path [dashed] (antimateria) -- (N7); + \end{scope} + \end{scope} + % + \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-96)}] + \node at (27,0) () {\includegraphics[width=3.7cm]{licenza}}; + \node at (18,-0.1) {\textcolor{black}{\fontsize{14}{15}\selectfont Testo e illustrazioni: @ulaulaman - Gianluigi Filippelli}}; + \end{scope} + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file