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tikzdraw
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Coni di spin 

Inforgrafica sullo spin semi-intero
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Unknown 2020-06-12 17:46:57 +02:00
parent cf033b1a91
commit 22606b93ae
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\documentclass{standalone}
%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks}
\usetikzlibrary{bending,arrows.meta,snakes,shapes}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usetkzobj{all}
%
\definecolor{space}{HTML}{0A2543}
\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA}
\definecolor{moon}{HTML}{AFAFAF}
%
\usepackage{mathptmx}
\usepackage{fontspec}
%
\setmainfont{Montserrat}
\title{Spin}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
declare function={f(\x)=sin(540*\x);}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth},background rectangle/.style={fill=space},show background rectangle]
%
\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2]
%asse z
\tkzDefPoint(0,-15){Z1} \tkzDefPoint(0,15){Z2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Z1,Z2)
\node [right] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{z}}};
%asse y
\tkzDefPoint(-5,-2){Y1} \tkzDefPoint(5,2){Y2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Y1,Y2)
\node [right] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{y}}};
%asse x
\tkzDefPoint(-5,2){X1} \tkzDefPoint(5,-2){X2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](X1,X2)
\node [right] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{x}}};
%ellisse superiore
\tkzDefPoint(0,10){C}
\tkzDefPoint(3,10){A}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C,A)
%centro
\tkzDefPoint(0,0){V}
%ellisse centrale
\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center C angle -60](A) \tkzGetPoint{s}
%
\tkzDefLine[parallel=through s](V,C) \tkzGetPoint{s'}
\tkzInterLL(s,s')(X1,X2) \tkzGetPoint{s1}
\tkzInterLL(s,s')(Y1,Y2) \tkzGetPoint{s2}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](V,s1)
%
\tkzTangent[from=V](C,A) \tkzGetPoints{a}{b}
\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a V,b)
%ellisse inferiore
\tkzDefPoint(0,-10){C1}
\tkzDefPoint(3,-10){A1}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C1,A1)
\tkzTangent[from=V](C1,A1) \tkzGetPoints{a1}{b1}
\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a1 V,b1)
%
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,C)
\node [left] at (C) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont +\emph{ħ}/2}};
\draw (-0.05,-10) -- (0.05,-10);
\node [left] at (C1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -\emph{ħ}/2}};
%
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=moon](V,s)
\node [left, above] at (s) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont S}};
%spin x e y
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s1)
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s2)
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[rotate around={-30:(0,0)}]
\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=4]
\tkzDefPoint(0,4.8){v1}
\tkzDefPoint(0,5.6){v2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick, color=white](v1,v2)
\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C'}
\tkzDefPoint(0.25,5.2){A'}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C',A')
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2,shift={(0,12)}]
\tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}}
\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C''}
\tkzDefPoint(0.3,5.2){A''}
\tkzDefPoint(-0.3,5.2){B''}
\tkzDrawArc[color=white,ultra thick](C'',B'')(A'')
\end{scope}
\end{scope}
%destra
\begin{scope}[shift={(50,0)}]
\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2]
%asse z
\tkzDefPoint(0,-15){Z1} \tkzDefPoint(0,15){Z2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Z1,Z2)
\node [right] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{z}}};
%asse y
\tkzDefPoint(-5,-2){Y1} \tkzDefPoint(5,2){Y2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Y1,Y2)
\node [right] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{y}}};
%asse x
\tkzDefPoint(-5,2){X1} \tkzDefPoint(5,-2){X2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](X1,X2)
\node [right] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{x}}};
%ellisse superiore
\tkzDefPoint(0,10){C}
\tkzDefPoint(3,10){A}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C,A)
%centro
\tkzDefPoint(0,0){V}
%ellisse inferiore
\tkzDefPoint(0,-10){C1}
\tkzDefPoint(3,-10){A1}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C1,A1)
\tkzTangent[from=V](C1,A1) \tkzGetPoints{a1}{b1}
\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a1 V,b1)
%ellisse centrale
\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center C1 angle -120](A1) \tkzGetPoint{s}
%
\tkzDefLine[parallel=through s](V,C) \tkzGetPoint{s'}
\tkzInterLL(s,s')(X1,X2) \tkzGetPoint{s1}
\tkzInterLL(s,s')(Y1,Y2) \tkzGetPoint{s2}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](V,s1)
%
\tkzTangent[from=V](C,A) \tkzGetPoints{a}{b}
\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a V,b)
%
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,C1)
\node [left] at (C1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -\emph{ħ}/2}};
\draw (-0.05,10) -- (0.05,10);
\node [left] at (C) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont +\emph{ħ}/2}};
%
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=moon](V,s)
\node [left, below] at (s) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -S}};
%spin x e y
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s1)
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s2)
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[rotate around={158:(0,0)}]
\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=4]
\tkzDefPoint(0,4.8){v1}
\tkzDefPoint(0,5.6){v2}
\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick, color=white](v1,v2)
\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C'}
\tkzDefPoint(0.25,5.2){A'}
\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C',A')
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2,shift={(0,12)}]
\tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}}
\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C''}
\tkzDefPoint(0.3,5.2){A''}
\tkzDefPoint(-0.3,5.2){B''}
\tkzDrawArc[color=white,ultra thick](C'',B'')(A'')
\end{scope}
\end{scope}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
%
\end{document}