2020-07-17 11:40:44 +02:00
\documentclass { standalone}
%
\usepackage { tikz}
\usetikzlibrary { backgrounds,bending,arrows.meta}
%
\usepackage { tkz-euclide}
\usetkzobj { all}
%
\usepackage { xcolor}
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\definecolor { space} { HTML} { 1F2C4E}
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\definecolor { earth} { HTML} { 0089FA}
\definecolor { mars} { HTML} { DC7B4E}
\definecolor { dida} { HTML} { FFDE00}
\definecolor { title} { HTML} { FBA706}
\definecolor { moon} { HTML} { AFAFAF}
\definecolor { craterm} { HTML} { 616060}
\definecolor { linem} { HTML} { DBDBDB}
\definecolor { core1} { HTML} { FF5E16}
\definecolor { core2} { HTML} { FF9616}
%
\usepackage { fontspec}
\setmainfont { Open Dyslexic}
%
\title { Fatti marziani}
\begin { document}
\tikzset { partial ellipse/.style args = { #1:#2:#3} { insert path={ + (#1:#3) arc (#1:#2:#3)} } }
\begin { tikzpicture} [background rectangle/.style={ fill=white} ,show background rectangle,>={ [inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth} ]
%title
\draw [black,ultra thick,fill=title] (0,8) rectangle (30,11.5);
\node at (14,9.8) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 90} { 91} \selectfont Fatti marziani} } ;
%mars
\begin { scope} [scale=2.5]
\coordinate (E) at (2.6,0.4);
\coordinate (F) at (3.7,0.7);
\draw [fill=mars,ultra thick] (3,0.5) circle (2.1cm);
%scar
\draw [-,thick] (1.8,0.2) -- (2.9,1.5);
\draw [-] (1.9,0.2) -- (1.9,0.4);
\draw [-] (2,0.35) -- (2,0.55);
\draw [-] (2.1,0.45) -- (2.1,0.65);
\draw [-] (2.6,1.05) -- (2.6,1.25);
\draw [-] (2.7,1.15) -- (2.7,1.35);
\draw [-] (2.8,1.25) -- (2.8,1.45);
%eyebrows
\draw [-,thick] (2.25,1.3) -- (2.45,1.2);
\draw [-,thick] (3.45,1.2) -- (3.65,1.3);
%nose
\draw [-,thick] (2.95,0.1) to[out=105,in=85] (2.75,0) to[out=275,in=205] (3,-0.1);
%mouth
\draw [-,thick] (2.8,-0.6) -- (3,-0.55);
%eyes
\draw [fill=white] (2.4,0.7) ellipse (7pt and 10pt);
\draw [fill=white] (3.5,0.7) ellipse (7pt and 10pt);
\draw [fill=black,rotate around={-30:(E)}] (2.5,0.5) ellipse (2pt and 5pt);
\draw [fill=black,rotate around={-30:(F)}] (3.75,0.5) ellipse (2pt and 5pt);
\end { scope}
%dida mars
\begin { scope} [shift={ (1,0)} ]
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (13,-1.7) rectangle (27,4.2);
\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=13cm, color=black, font=\fontsize { 23pt} { 24pt} \selectfont ] at (13.5,1.5) { Marte è il 4.o pianeta dal Sole. Possiede due lune: Phobos, con un diametro di 22.2 chilometri e Deimos, con un diametro di 12.6 chilometri.} ;
\end { scope}
%dimensions
\begin { scope} [scale=0.8,shift={ (23.5,-14.5)} ]
\draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (-22.5,8.5) rectangle (12.5,-9);
\draw [fill=moon, ultra thick] (8,0) circle (2cm);
\draw [fill=mars, ultra thick] (0,0) circle (3.9cm);
\draw [fill=earth, ultra thick] (-14,0) circle (7.34cm);
%
\draw [<->,earth] (-21.34,-8.5) -- (-6.66,-8.5) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) { \textcolor { earth} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Terra: 6371 km} } ;
\draw [<->,mars] (-3.9,-5) -- (3.9,-5) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) { \textcolor { mars} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Marte: 3390 km} } ;
\draw [<->,moon] (6,-3) -- (10,-3) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) { \textcolor { moon} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Luna: 1737 km} } ;
\end { scope}
%orbits
\begin { scope} [scale=1.5,shift={ (0.4,-23.5)} ]
\coordinate (S) at (0,5);
\coordinate (E) at (12,3);
\coordinate (M) at (18,9);
%
\draw [fill=space, ultra thick] (0,10) rectangle (19,-1.2);
%earth orbit
\draw [gray,ultra thick] (11,0) to[out=50,in=70] (E);
\draw [gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (E) to[out=90,in=300] (9.8,10);
%mars orbit
\draw [gray,ultra thick] (17.5,0) to[out=70,in=290] (M);
\draw [gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (M) to[out=110,in=300] (17.5,10);
%sun
\draw [fill=white] (S) arc (90:-90:2) -- (S);
%earth
\draw [fill=earth] (E) circle (0.5cm);
%mars
\draw [fill=mars] (M) circle (0.25cm);
%arrows
\draw [<->,dashed,gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (2.2,3) -- (11.3,3) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) { \textcolor { earth} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont 150 milioni di chilometri} } ;
\draw [<->,dashed,gray,opacity=0.5,ultra thick] (2.15,3.7) -- (17.7,8.9) node [midway, above, sloped,opacity=1] (TextNode) { \textcolor { mars} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont 229 milioni di chilometri} } ;
%
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (0.5,9.3) rectangle (8.8,7.7);
\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=12cm, color=black, font=\fontsize { 23pt} { 24pt} \selectfont ] at (0.7,8.5) { Distanza media tra il Sole e le orbite di Terra e Marte.} ;
\end { scope}
%
\begin { scope} [shift={ (10,-35)} ]
\draw [fill=dida, thick] (1.9,1) rectangle (18.1,-3.4);
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\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=16cm, color=black, font=\fontsize { 23pt} { 24pt} \selectfont ] at (2.3,-1.2) { Un anno su Marte dura 687 giorni, quasi il doppio di un anno terrestre. La sua temperatura media è di $ - 63 ^ \circ C $ , con variazioni da $ - 140 ^ \circ C $ a $ + 30 ^ \circ C $ .} ;
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\end { scope}
%retrograde motion
\begin { scope} [shift={ (0,-52)} ]
\clip (1,15) rectangle (30,-10);
\draw [fill=black] (1,9) rectangle (29,-9);
\tkzDefPoint (3,0){ S}
\tkzDrawCircle [R,fill=white] (S,1.5 cm)
\tkzDefShiftPoint [S] (4,0){ A}
\tkzDrawCircle [color=white, ultra thick] (S,A)
\tkzDefShiftPoint [S] (6,0){ B}
\tkzDrawCircle [color=white, ultra thick] (S,B)
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [S] (1,0){ L}
\foreach \i in { -1,-2,1,2}
{ \tkzDefPointBy [rotation = center S angle 30*\i] (A) \tkzGetPoint { A\i } }
%
\foreach \i in { -1,-2,1,2}
{ \tkzDefPointBy [rotation = center S angle 16.5*\i] (B) \tkzGetPoint { B\i } }
%
\tkzInterLL (A,B)(A1,B1) \tkzGetPoint { AB}
\tkzDefShiftPoint [AB] (4.5,0){ H}
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (-3,8){ H1}
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (3,5){ H2}
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (3,-8){ H3}
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (-3,-5){ H4}
\tkzDrawPolygon [fill=space] (H1,H2,H3,H4)
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (0,0){ F}
\tkzDefLine [parallel=through F] (H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint { f}
\tkzInterLL (F,f)(A,B) \tkzGetPoint { M3}
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [F] (0.5,0){ F1}
\tkzDefLine [parallel=through F1] (H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint { f1}
\tkzInterLL (F1,f1)(A-1,B-1) \tkzGetPoint { M2}
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [F] (-0.5,0){ F2}
\tkzDefLine [parallel=through F2] (H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint { f2}
\tkzInterLL (F2,f2)(A1,B1) \tkzGetPoint { M4}
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (2,0){ F3}
\tkzDefLine [parallel=through F3] (H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint { f3}
\tkzInterLL (F3,f3)(A-2,B-2) \tkzGetPoint { M1}
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [H] (-2,0){ F4}
\tkzDefLine [parallel=through F4] (H2,H3) \tkzGetPoint { f4}
\tkzInterLL (F4,f4)(A2,B2) \tkzGetPoint { M5}
%
\tkzDefShiftPoint [M2] (1,2.5){ I1}
\tkzDefShiftPoint [M4] (-1,-2.5){ I2}
%
\draw [white] plot [smooth, tension=0.9] coordinates { (M1) (I1) (M2) (M3) (M4) (I2) (M5) } ;
%
\tkzDrawSegments [color=white] (A-2,M1 A,M3 A-1,M2 A1,M4 A2,M5)
\tkzDrawCircle [R,fill=earth] (A,0.2 cm)
\foreach \i in { -1,-2,1,2}
{ \tkzDrawCircle [R,fill=earth] (A\i ,0.2 cm)}
\tkzDrawCircle [R,fill=mars] (B,0.2 cm)
\foreach \i in { -1,-2,1,2}
{ \tkzDrawCircle [R,fill=mars] (B\i ,0.2 cm)}
\foreach \i in { 1,...,5}
{ \tkzDrawCircle [R,fill=mars] (M\i ,0.2 cm)}
%
\draw [fill=dida, thick] (1.3,12) rectangle (28.8,8);
\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=left, text width=27cm, color=black, font=\fontsize { 23pt} { 24pt} \selectfont ] at (1.5,10) { Quando Marte si avvicina all'opposizione, sembra mostrare un moto retrogrado apparente, ovvero sembra momentaneamente tornare indietro lungo la sua traiettoria per poi riprendere la direzione usuale.} ;
\end { scope}
%gravity
\begin { scope} [shift={ (0,-70)} ]
\draw [fill=space,ultra thick] (0.5,6.5) rectangle (29.5,-5);
%on the earth
\draw [fill=mars] (7,4.1) circle (0.5cm);
\draw (7,3.8) [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=200:340:3 and 0.5];
\draw [color=craterm,ultra thick] (7,3) -- (7,3.3);
\draw [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick] (4,3) rectangle (10,-3);
\foreach \o in { 0,1,...,9}
\draw [thick,rotate around={ 36*\o :(7,0)} ] (7,2) -- (7,2.4);
\draw [color=red,ultra thick,rotate around={ -353.16:(7,0)} ] (7,0) -- (7,1.8);
\draw [fill=black] (7,0) circle (0.2cm);
\draw [fill=earth,opacity=0.4] (7,0) circle (2.5cm);
%on mercury
\draw [fill=mars] (23,4.1) circle (0.5cm);
\draw (23,3.8) [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick,partial ellipse=200:340:3 and 0.5];
\draw [color=craterm,ultra thick] (23,3) -- (23,3.3);
\draw [color=craterm,fill=linem,ultra thick] (20,3) rectangle (26,-3);
\foreach \o in { 0,1,...,9}
\draw [thick,rotate around={ 36*\o :(23,0)} ] (23,2) -- (23,2.4);
\draw [color=red,ultra thick,rotate around={ -133.15:(23,0)} ] (23,0) -- (23,1.8);
\draw [fill=black] (23,0) circle (0.2cm);
\draw [fill=earth,opacity=0.4] (23,0) circle (2.5cm);
%
\draw [thick,fill=title] (9,8.3) rectangle (21,6.3);
\node at (15,7.3) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Accelerazione di gravità} } ;
\node at (15,3) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Sulla Terra} } ;
\node at (15,2) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont 9.81 m/s} } ;
\node at (17,2.3) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 11} { 12} \selectfont 2} } ;
%
\node at (15,0) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Su Marte} } ;
\node at (15,-1) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont 3.69 m/s} } ;
\node at (17,-0.7) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 11} { 12} \selectfont 2} } ;
\node at (15,-4) { \textcolor { white} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont Peso di 10 kg} } ;
%
\draw [fill=white,thick] (8.8,-4.5) rectangle (5.2,-3.5);
\node at (7,-4) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont 98.1 N} } ;
\draw [fill=white,thick] (24.8,-4.5) rectangle (21.2,-3.5);
\node at (23,-4) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont 36.9 N} } ;
\end { scope}
%
\begin { scope} [shift={ (0,-90)} ]
\draw [fill=dida] (2,14) rectangle (28.1,10.2);
\node (example-textwidth-2) [right, align=center, text width=26cm, color=black, font=\fontsize { 23pt} { 24pt} \selectfont ] at (2,12.2) { La gravità su Marte risulta, quindi, il $ 62 . 4 \% $ inferiore rispetto a quella sulla Terra. Questo vuol dire che, a parità di spinta, il record di salto in alto su Marte sarebbe più... alto!} ;
%
\draw [fill=earth] (14,4.5) ellipse (0.2cm and 0.7cm);
\draw (14.2,2.3) [fill=mars] ellipse (0.3cm and 1.5cm);
\draw (14.2,1.9) [fill=black] circle (0.3cm);
\draw [fill=earth] (15,4.2) ellipse (0.9cm and 2.1cm);
\draw [fill=earth] (16,4.9) ellipse (0.2cm and 0.9cm);
\draw [fill=moon] (16,5.9) ellipse (0.1cm and 0.3cm);
\draw [fill=mars] (15.8,2.3) ellipse (0.3cm and 1.5cm);
\draw [fill=black] (15.8,2.7) circle (0.3cm);
\draw [fill=moon] (15,7) circle (0.8cm);
%
\draw [fill=black] (10,8.7) -- (20,8.7) -- (20,8.6) -- (10,8.6) -- (10,8.7);
\draw [fill=white] (10.5,0) -- (10.5,8.9) -- (10.6,8.9) -- (10.6,0) -- (10.5,0);
\draw [fill=white] (19.4,0) -- (19.4,8.9) -- (19.5,8.9) -- (19.5,0) -- (19.4,0);
\fill [craterm] (2,0.8) rectangle (28,-0.1);
%
\node at (7,8.7) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 17} { 18} \selectfont Sulla Terra} } ;
\node at (7,8) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 17} { 18} \selectfont 2.45 m} } ;
\node at (23,8.7) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 17} { 18} \selectfont Su Marte} } ;
\node at (23,8) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 17} { 18} \selectfont 6.51 m} } ;
\end { scope}
%
\begin { scope} [shift={ (0,-108)} ]
\draw [fill=earth, opacity=0.4] (15,0) circle (11cm);
\draw [fill=mars,ultra thick] (15,0) circle (10cm);
\draw [fill=craterm] (15,0) [partial ellipse=-90:90:9.5 and 9.5] (15,0) [partial ellipse=90:270:4 and 9.5];
%
\draw [fill=core2] (15,0) [partial ellipse=-90:90:8.8 and 8.8] (15,0) [partial ellipse=90:270:3.4 and 8.8];
\draw (15,9.5) -- (15,-9.5);
\draw [fill=core1] (15,0) [partial ellipse=-90:90:3.5 and 3.5] (15,0) [partial ellipse=90:270:2.5 and 3.5];
%
\draw [->,ultra thick] (10,14) -- (12,10);
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (2.5,16) rectangle (10,10);
\node [right] at (3,15.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont atmosfera} } ;
\node [right] at (3,14.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont composizione:} } ;
\node [right] at (3,13.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont anidride carbonica $ 95 \% $ } } ;
\node [right] at (3,12.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont azoto $ 2 . 6 \% $ } } ;
\node [right] at (3,11.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont argon $ 1 . 6 \% $ } } ;
\node [right] at (3,10.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont altri $ 0 . 8 \% $ } } ;
%
\draw [<-,ultra thick] (16,9) -- (20.3,10);
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (19.5,15) rectangle (25.5,9);
\node [right] at (20,14.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont crosta} } ;
\node [right] at (20,13.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont spessore: 50 km} } ;
\node [right] at (20,12.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont composizione:} } ;
\node [right] at (20,11.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont ferro, magnesio,} } ;
\node [right] at (20,10.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont alluminio, calcio,} } ;
\node [right] at (20,9.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont potassio} } ;
%
\draw [->,ultra thick] (21.5,4) -- (16,5.5);
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (21.5,5) rectangle (28,1);
\node [right] at (22,4.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont mantello} } ;
\node [right] at (22,3.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont spessore: 1500 km} } ;
\node [right] at (22,2.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont composizione:} } ;
\node [right] at (22,1.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont silicato} } ;
%
\draw [->,ultra thick] (11,-6) -- (15,-2);
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (4.5,-5) rectangle (11,-9);
\node [right] at (5,-5.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 23} { 24} \selectfont nucleo} } ;
\node [right] at (5,-6.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont raggio: 1800 km} } ;
\node [right] at (5,-7.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont composizione:} } ;
\node [right] at (5,-8.5) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont ferro, nichel, zolfo} } ;
%
\draw [fill=dida,thick] (4.5,-11.5) rectangle (25.5,-12.5);
\node at (15,-12) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 15} { 16} \selectfont La superficie di Marte è di colore rosso a causa delle sferule di ematite.} } ;
\end { scope}
%
\begin { scope} [shift={ (0,-122.5)} ]
\node at (27,0) () { \includegraphics [width=3.7cm] { licenza} } ;
\node at (18,-0.1) { \textcolor { black} { \fontsize { 14} { 15} \selectfont Testo e illustrazioni: @ulaulaman - Gianluigi Filippelli} } ;
\end { scope}
\end { tikzpicture}
\end { document}
