tikzdraw/physics/spin.tex

\documentclass{standalone}
%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks}
\usetikzlibrary{bending,arrows.meta,snakes,shapes}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usetkzobj{all}
%
\definecolor{space}{HTML}{0A2543}
\definecolor{earth}{HTML}{0089FA}
\definecolor{moon}{HTML}{AFAFAF}
%
\usepackage{mathptmx}
\usepackage{fontspec}
%
\setmainfont{Montserrat}

\title{Spin}
\begin{document}
	\tikzset{
		declare function={f(\x)=sin(540*\x);}
	}
	\begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,angle'=27]Stealth},background rectangle/.style={fill=space},show background rectangle]
		%
		\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2]
			%asse z
			\tkzDefPoint(0,-15){Z1} \tkzDefPoint(0,15){Z2}
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Z1,Z2)
			\node [right] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
			\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{z}}};
			%asse y
			\tkzDefPoint(-5,-2){Y1} \tkzDefPoint(5,2){Y2}
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Y1,Y2)
			\node [right] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
			\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{y}}};
			%asse x
			\tkzDefPoint(-5,2){X1} \tkzDefPoint(5,-2){X2}
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](X1,X2)
			\node [right] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
			\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{x}}};
			%ellisse superiore
			\tkzDefPoint(0,10){C}
			\tkzDefPoint(3,10){A}
			\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C,A)
			%centro
			\tkzDefPoint(0,0){V}
			%ellisse centrale
			\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center C angle -60](A) \tkzGetPoint{s}
			%
			\tkzDefLine[parallel=through s](V,C) \tkzGetPoint{s'}
			\tkzInterLL(s,s')(X1,X2) \tkzGetPoint{s1}
			\tkzInterLL(s,s')(Y1,Y2) \tkzGetPoint{s2}
			\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](V,s1)
			%
			\tkzTangent[from=V](C,A) \tkzGetPoints{a}{b}
			\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a V,b)
			%ellisse inferiore
			\tkzDefPoint(0,-10){C1}
			\tkzDefPoint(3,-10){A1}
			\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C1,A1)
			\tkzTangent[from=V](C1,A1) \tkzGetPoints{a1}{b1}
			\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a1 V,b1)
			%
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,C)
			\node [left] at (C) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont +\emph{ħ}/2}};
			\draw (-0.05,-10) -- (0.05,-10);
			\node [left] at (C1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -\emph{ħ}/2}};
			%
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=moon](V,s)
			\node [left, above] at (s) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont S}};
			%spin x e y
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s1)
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s2)	
		\end{scope}
		%
		\begin{scope}[rotate around={-30:(0,0)}]
			\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=4]
				\tkzDefPoint(0,4.8){v1}
				\tkzDefPoint(0,5.6){v2}
				\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick, color=white](v1,v2)
				\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C'}
				\tkzDefPoint(0.25,5.2){A'}
				\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C',A')
			\end{scope}
			%
			\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2,shift={(0,12)}]
				\tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}}
				\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C''}
				\tkzDefPoint(0.3,5.2){A''}
				\tkzDefPoint(-0.3,5.2){B''}
				\tkzDrawArc[color=white,ultra thick](C'',B'')(A'')
			\end{scope}
		\end{scope}
		%destra
		\begin{scope}[shift={(50,0)}]
			\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2]
			%asse z
			\tkzDefPoint(0,-15){Z1} \tkzDefPoint(0,15){Z2}
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Z1,Z2)
			\node [right] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
			\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Z2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{z}}};
			%asse y
			\tkzDefPoint(-5,-2){Y1} \tkzDefPoint(5,2){Y2}
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](Y1,Y2)
			\node [right] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
			\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (Y2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{y}}};
			%asse x
			\tkzDefPoint(-5,2){X1} \tkzDefPoint(5,-2){X2}
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=white](X1,X2)
			\node [right] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont \emph{S}}};
			\node [right,shift={(0.5,-0.4)}] at (X2) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{13}{14}\selectfont \emph{x}}};
			%ellisse superiore
			\tkzDefPoint(0,10){C}
			\tkzDefPoint(3,10){A}
			\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C,A)
			%centro
			\tkzDefPoint(0,0){V}
			%ellisse inferiore
			\tkzDefPoint(0,-10){C1}
			\tkzDefPoint(3,-10){A1}
			\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C1,A1)
			\tkzTangent[from=V](C1,A1) \tkzGetPoints{a1}{b1}
			\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a1 V,b1)
			%ellisse centrale
			\tkzDefPointBy[rotation= center C1 angle -120](A1) \tkzGetPoint{s}
			%
			\tkzDefLine[parallel=through s](V,C) \tkzGetPoint{s'}
			\tkzInterLL(s,s')(X1,X2) \tkzGetPoint{s1}
			\tkzInterLL(s,s')(Y1,Y2) \tkzGetPoint{s2}
			\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](V,s1)
			%
			\tkzTangent[from=V](C,A) \tkzGetPoints{a}{b}
			\tkzDrawLines[color=white](V,a V,b)
			%
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,C1)
			\node [left] at (C1) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -\emph{ħ}/2}};
			\draw (-0.05,10) -- (0.05,10);
			\node [left] at (C) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont +\emph{ħ}/2}};
			%
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=moon](V,s)
			\node [left, below] at (s) {\textcolor{white}{\fontsize{24}{25}\selectfont -S}};
			%spin x e y
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s1)
			\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick,color=red](V,s2)	
			\end{scope}
			%
			\begin{scope}[rotate around={158:(0,0)}]
				\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=4]
					\tkzDefPoint(0,4.8){v1}
					\tkzDefPoint(0,5.6){v2}
					\tkzDrawSegment[->,ultra thick, color=white](v1,v2)
					\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C'}
					\tkzDefPoint(0.25,5.2){A'}
					\tkzDrawCircle[fill=earth,color=earth,opacity=0.5](C',A')
				\end{scope}
				%
				\begin{scope}[xscale=4,yscale=1.2,shift={(0,12)}]
					\tikzset{compass style/.append style={->}}
					\tkzDefPoint(0,5.2){C''}
					\tkzDefPoint(0.3,5.2){A''}
					\tkzDefPoint(-0.3,5.2){B''}
					\tkzDrawArc[color=white,ultra thick](C'',B'')(A'')
				\end{scope}
			\end{scope}
		\end{scope}
	\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}