From 2df41e9b5ee97419cf910a3dcaad677c24079df9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ulaulaman <34242086+ulaulaman@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2018 13:57:50 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] .tex presentazione 3.1 --- mondo_quantistico.tex | 360 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 360 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mondo_quantistico.tex diff --git a/mondo_quantistico.tex b/mondo_quantistico.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7573e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/mondo_quantistico.tex @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +\usepackage{chronosys} +\usepackage{tikz} + +\usepackage{ifpdf} +\ifpdf +\usepackage{hyperref} +%\pdfadjustspacing=1 +%\fi + +\mode + { + \usetheme{Frankfurt} + \usecolortheme[rgb={0.36,0.54,0.66}]{structure} + + \definecolor{inaf}{HTML}{1D71B8} + %\definecolor{ashgrey}{rgb}{0.7, 0.75, 0.71} + \definecolor{autumn}{rgb}{0.7, 0.75, 0.71} + \definecolor{autumn1}{rgb}{0.7, 0.75, 0.71} + \definecolor{autumn2}{rgb}{0.36, 0.54, 0.66} + + \definecolor{blue}{HTML}{84CECC} + \definecolor{gr}{HTML}{375D81} + +\setbeamercolor{alerted text}{fg=inaf!80!yellow} +\setbeamercolor*{palette primary}{fg=inaf!60!black,bg=autumn} +\setbeamercolor*{palette secondary}{fg=white!70!black,bg=autumn2} +\setbeamercolor*{palette tertiary}{bg=white!80!black,fg=autumn2} +\setbeamercolor*{palette quaternary}{fg=white,bg=autumn2} + +\setbeamercolor*{sidebar}{fg=inaf,bg=autumn} + +\setbeamercolor*{palette sidebar primary}{fg=inaf!10!black} +\setbeamercolor*{palette sidebar secondary}{fg=white} +\setbeamercolor*{palette sidebar tertiary}{fg=inaf!50!black} +\setbeamercolor*{palette sidebar quaternary}{fg=yellow!10!orange} + +\setbeamercolor*{titlelike}{parent=palette primary} +\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{bg=autumn1} +\setbeamercolor{frametitle right}{bg=autumn} + +\setbeamercolor*{separation line}{} +\setbeamercolor*{fine separation line}{} + +\mode + + + %\usecolortheme{wolverine} + \usecolortheme{rose} + \usefonttheme{serif} +% \setbeamercolor{section in toc}{fg=red} + } + +\title[Quantum world]{Il meraviglioso mondo quantistico} +\author[G.Filippelli]{Gianluigi Filippelli} +\date{Liceo "C. Cavalleri", Parabiago (Milano). 09/02/2018} + +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usepackage[italian]{babel} +\usepackage{times} +% +\begin{document} +% +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} +% +% La costante di Planck +% +\section{La costante di Planck} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline01] + \frametitle{Quando inizia il XX secolo della fisica} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1899}{1900}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{files/planck.jpg}} + % + \stopchronology +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[planck01] + \frametitle{La costante di Planck} + \begin{block}{\only<1>{Il valore di $h$}\onslide<2->{Radiazione di corpo nero}} + \begin{displaymath} + \only<1>{h = 6.626070 \cdot 10^{-34} J \cdot s} + \onslide<2->{B_\nu = \frac{8 \pi h}{c^3} \nu^3 \frac{1}{e^{\frac{h \nu}{k T}}-1}} + \end{displaymath} + \end{block} + \onslide<2->{Cos'è un corpo nero?} + \begin{enumerate} + \onslide<3->{\item Emettitore ideale: ad ogni frequenza, emette molta più energia di qualunque altro corpo alla stessa temperatura.} + \onslide<4->{\item Emettitore diffuso: la radiazione è emessa isotropicamente} + \end{enumerate} +\end{frame} +% +\subsection{Planck a scuola} +% +\begin{frame}[planck02] + \frametitle{Misurare la costante di Planck} + \begin{center} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}] + \onslide<6->\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/ledplot.jpg}}; + \onslide<1->\node at (4,0.5) () {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{files/planckled.jpg}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{center} + \onslide<2-7>{\begin{block}{\onslide<2-6>{Materiali}\only<7>{Riferimenti}} + \begin{itemize} + \only<7>{\item \href{http://www.scienceinschool.org/2014/issue28/planck}{\textcolor{inaf}{Classroom fundamentals: measuring the Planck constant}}} + \onslide<2-6>{\item 4 LED di 4 colori differenti (rosso, arancione, verde, blu)} + \onslide<3-6>{\item una batteria} + \onslide<4-6>{\item un tester (da utilizzare una volta come voltmetro e un'altra come amperometro)} + \onslide<5-6>{\item un potenziometro da $1 k\Omega$} + \end{itemize} + \end{block}} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[corponero01] + \frametitle{Visualizzare il corpo nero} + \begin{center} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}] + \onslide<1>\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{files/black_body.jpg}}; + \onslide<2->\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{files/photosphere.jpg}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{center} + \onslide<3->{\begin{block}{L'influenza di $h$ nell'universo} + \only<3>{Se $h$ fosse dieci volte più piccola, delle semplici braci emetterebbero luce 1000 più intensa e a frequenze ultraviolette} + \only<4>{Se $h$ fosse dieci volte più piccola, l'idrogeno non sarebbe più in grado di fondere in deuterio e produrre l'elio} + \end{block}} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[corponero02] + \frametitle{Il corpo nero a scuola} + \begin{center} + \only<1>{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{files/corponero.jpg}} + \only<2>{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{files/jaract.jpg}} + \end{center} + \begin{itemize} + \only<1>{\item \href{https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbody-spectrum}{\textcolor{inaf}{Blackbody spectrum - PhET Interactive Simulations}}} + \only<2>{\item \href{https://earthref.org/SCC/lessons/2012/electromagneticradiation/}{\textcolor{inaf}{Electromagnetic Radiation in the Atmosphere: Reflection, Absorption, and Scattering}}} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +% Einstein +% +\section{Il contributo di Einstein} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline02] + \frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Equazione di Planck-Einstein + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline03] + \frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1905}{1906}{$0, h\nu, 2h\nu, \cdots$} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Marzo 1906: quantizzazione energia oscillatore materiale + \item Novembre 1906: la quantizzazione dell'energia degli oscillatori materiali spiega alcuni calori specifici + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline04] + \frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1905}{1906}{$0, h\nu, 2h\nu, \cdots$} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1908}{1909}{Corpo nero} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Le fluttuazioni nella densità di energia emessa da un corpo nero confermano la doppia natura della luce + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline05] + \frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1905}{1906}{$0, h\nu, 2h\nu, \cdots$} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1908}{1909}{Corpo nero} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1915}{1916}{$E_m-E_n = h \nu_{mn}$, $p_{mn} = h \nu_{mn}/c$} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Effetto fotoelettrico + \item Casualità + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\subsection{L'effetto fotoelettrico} +% +\begin{frame}[fotoelettrico] + \frametitle{L'effetto fotoelettrico a scuola} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}] + \node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/fotoelettrico.jpg}}; + \onslide<6>\node at (7,0.5) () {\href{http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/48/1/35/meta}{\textcolor{inaf}{Teaching the photoelectric}}}; + \onslide<6>\node at (7,0) () {\href{http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/48/1/35/meta}{\textcolor{inaf}{effect inductively}}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \begin{itemize} + \item \href{https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/photoelectric}{\textcolor{inaf}{Effetto fotoelettrico - PhET Interactive Simulations}}: applicazione Java + \onslide<2->{\item Problem solving: } + \onslide<3->{\item Stabilire le ipotesi/raccogliere informazioni} + \onslide<4->{\item Analisi/controllo concettuale} + \onslide<5->{\item Verifica e valutazione} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +% La struttura dell'atomo +% +\section{La struttura dell'atomo} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline06] + \frametitle{L'esperimento di Millikan} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}} + % + \stopchronology +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline06] + \frametitle{L'esperimento di Compton} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item $\lambda = \frac{h}{mc}$ + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline08] + \frametitle{Onde di materia} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1924}{1925}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Articoli indipendenti di Einstein e de Broglie + \item $\nu = \frac{E}{c}, \; \lambda = \frac{h}{p}$ + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline09] + \frametitle{Onde di materia} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1924}{1925}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1925}{1926}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/schroedinger.jpg}} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Equazione di Schroedinger + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[timeline09] + \frametitle{Onde di materia} + %---------------------timeline----------------% + \startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true] + % + \chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1} + %---------------------periods----------------% + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1924}{1925}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1925}{1926}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/schroedinger.jpg}} + \chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1927}{1928}{Esperimento di Davisson e Germer} + % + \stopchronology + \begin{itemize} + \item Un fascio di elettroni attraversa un cristallo di nichel + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\subsection{L'atomo di idrogeno} +% +\begin{frame}[idrogeno] + \frametitle{Modelli \onslide<4->{e osservazione}} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}] + \node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/bohr.jpg}}; + \onslide<2->\node at (1,0.5) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}}; + \onslide<3->\node at (2,1) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/schroedinger.jpg}}; + \onslide<4->\node at (3,1.5) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/idrogeno.jpg}}; + \onslide<5->\node at (4,1.5) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/idrogeno_esperimento.jpg}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \begin{itemize} + \onslide<4->{\item 2013} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\begin{frame}[risorse] + \frametitle{Risorse didattiche} + \begin{itemize} + \onslide<1->{\item \href{http://scienzapertutti.infn.it/3-esperimenti-delle-due-fenditure-per-fotoni-ed-elettroni}{\textcolor{inaf}{Esperimento della doppia fenditura - Scienza per tutti}}} + \onslide<2->{ + \begin{itemize} + \item \href{https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/young-s-double-slit-experiment-introduction-worksheet-for-6th-form-as-physics-11474274}{\textcolor{inaf}{Young's double slit experiment introduction worksheet for 6th form AS Physics}} + \onslide<3->{\item \href{https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/the-original-double-slit-experiment-6328282}{\textcolor{inaf}{The Original Double Slit Experiment}}} + \end{itemize}} + \onslide<4>{\item \href{http://astroedu.iau.org/it/activities/1502/rompiamo-le-particelle/}{\textcolor{inaf}{Rompiamo le particelle - astroEDU}}} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} +% +\section{Bibliografia} +% +\begin{frame}[bibliografia] + \frametitle{Bibliografia} + \begin{center} + {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/mondo_quantistico.jpg}} + \end{center} +\end{frame} +\end{document}