361 lines
18 KiB
TeX
361 lines
18 KiB
TeX
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\documentclass{beamer}
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\usepackage{chronosys}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\mode<presentation>
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{
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\usetheme{Frankfurt}
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\mode
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<all>
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%\usecolortheme{wolverine}
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\usecolortheme{rose}
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\usefonttheme{serif}
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% \setbeamercolor{section in toc}{fg=red}
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}
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\title[Quantum world]{Il meraviglioso mondo quantistico}
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\author[G.Filippelli]{Gianluigi Filippelli}
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\date{Liceo "C. Cavalleri", Parabiago (Milano). 09/02/2018}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[italian]{babel}
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\usepackage{times}
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%
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\begin{document}
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%
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\begin{frame}
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\titlepage
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\end{frame}
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%
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% La costante di Planck
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%
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\section{La costante di Planck}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline01]
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\frametitle{Quando inizia il XX secolo della fisica}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1899}{1900}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{files/planck.jpg}}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[planck01]
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\frametitle{La costante di Planck}
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\begin{block}{\only<1>{Il valore di $h$}\onslide<2->{Radiazione di corpo nero}}
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\begin{displaymath}
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\only<1>{h = 6.626070 \cdot 10^{-34} J \cdot s}
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\onslide<2->{B_\nu = \frac{8 \pi h}{c^3} \nu^3 \frac{1}{e^{\frac{h \nu}{k T}}-1}}
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\end{displaymath}
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\end{block}
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\onslide<2->{Cos'<27> un corpo nero?}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\onslide<3->{\item Emettitore ideale: ad ogni frequenza, emette molta pi<70> energia di qualunque altro corpo alla stessa temperatura.}
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\onslide<4->{\item Emettitore diffuso: la radiazione <20> emessa isotropicamente}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\subsection{Planck a scuola}
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%
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\begin{frame}[planck02]
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\frametitle{Misurare la costante di Planck}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}]
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\onslide<6->\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/ledplot.jpg}};
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\onslide<1->\node at (4,0.5) () {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{files/planckled.jpg}};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}
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\onslide<2-7>{\begin{block}{\onslide<2-6>{Materiali}\only<7>{Riferimenti}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\only<7>{\item \href{http://www.scienceinschool.org/2014/issue28/planck}{\textcolor{inaf}{Classroom fundamentals: measuring the Planck constant}}}
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\onslide<2-6>{\item 4 LED di 4 colori differenti (rosso, arancione, verde, blu)}
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\onslide<3-6>{\item una batteria}
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\onslide<4-6>{\item un tester (da utilizzare una volta come voltmetro e un'altra come amperometro)}
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\onslide<5-6>{\item un potenziometro da $1 k\Omega$}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{block}}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[corponero01]
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\frametitle{Visualizzare il corpo nero}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}]
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\onslide<1>\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{files/black_body.jpg}};
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\onslide<2->\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{files/photosphere.jpg}};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}
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\onslide<3->{\begin{block}{L'influenza di $h$ nell'universo}
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\only<3>{Se $h$ fosse dieci volte pi<70> piccola, delle semplici braci emetterebbero luce 1000 pi<70> intensa e a frequenze ultraviolette}
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\only<4>{Se $h$ fosse dieci volte pi<70> piccola, l'idrogeno non sarebbe pi<70> in grado di fondere in deuterio e produrre l'elio}
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\end{block}}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[corponero02]
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\frametitle{Il corpo nero a scuola}
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\begin{center}
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\only<1>{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{files/corponero.jpg}}
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\only<2>{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{files/jaract.jpg}}
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\end{center}
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\begin{itemize}
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\only<1>{\item \href{https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbody-spectrum}{\textcolor{inaf}{Blackbody spectrum - PhET Interactive Simulations}}}
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\only<2>{\item \href{https://earthref.org/SCC/lessons/2012/electromagneticradiation/}{\textcolor{inaf}{Electromagnetic Radiation in the Atmosphere: Reflection, Absorption, and Scattering}}}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%
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% Einstein
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%
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\section{Il contributo di Einstein}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline02]
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\frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Equazione di Planck-Einstein
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline03]
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\frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1905}{1906}{$0, h\nu, 2h\nu, \cdots$}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Marzo 1906: quantizzazione energia oscillatore materiale
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\item Novembre 1906: la quantizzazione dell'energia degli oscillatori materiali spiega alcuni calori specifici
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline04]
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\frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1905}{1906}{$0, h\nu, 2h\nu, \cdots$}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1908}{1909}{Corpo nero}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Le fluttuazioni nella densit<69> di energia emessa da un corpo nero confermano la doppia natura della luce
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline05]
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\frametitle{Gli articoli di Einstein}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1897,stopyear=1922, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1904}{1905}{$E = h \nu$}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1905}{1906}{$0, h\nu, 2h\nu, \cdots$}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1908}{1909}{Corpo nero}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1915}{1916}{$E_m-E_n = h \nu_{mn}$, $p_{mn} = h \nu_{mn}/c$}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Effetto fotoelettrico
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\item Casualit<69>
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%
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\subsection{L'effetto fotoelettrico}
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%
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\begin{frame}[fotoelettrico]
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\frametitle{L'effetto fotoelettrico a scuola}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}]
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\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/fotoelettrico.jpg}};
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\onslide<6>\node at (7,0.5) () {\href{http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/48/1/35/meta}{\textcolor{inaf}{Teaching the photoelectric}}};
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\onslide<6>\node at (7,0) () {\href{http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/48/1/35/meta}{\textcolor{inaf}{effect inductively}}};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \href{https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/photoelectric}{\textcolor{inaf}{Effetto fotoelettrico - PhET Interactive Simulations}}: applicazione Java
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\onslide<2->{\item Problem solving: }
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\onslide<3->{\item Stabilire le ipotesi/raccogliere informazioni}
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\onslide<4->{\item Analisi/controllo concettuale}
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\onslide<5->{\item Verifica e valutazione}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%
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% La struttura dell'atomo
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%
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\section{La struttura dell'atomo}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline06]
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\frametitle{L'esperimento di Millikan}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\end{frame}
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%
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\begin{frame}[timeline06]
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\frametitle{L'esperimento di Compton}
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%---------------------timeline----------------%
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\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
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%
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\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
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%---------------------periods----------------%
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}}
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\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}}
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%
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\stopchronology
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $\lambda = \frac{h}{mc}$
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\end{itemize}
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|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\begin{frame}[timeline08]
|
|||
|
|
\frametitle{Onde di materia}
|
|||
|
|
%---------------------timeline----------------%
|
|||
|
|
\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
|
|||
|
|
%---------------------periods----------------%
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1924}{1925}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\stopchronology
|
|||
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\item Articoli indipendenti di Einstein e de Broglie
|
|||
|
|
\item $\nu = \frac{E}{c}, \; \lambda = \frac{h}{p}$
|
|||
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\begin{frame}[timeline09]
|
|||
|
|
\frametitle{Onde di materia}
|
|||
|
|
%---------------------timeline----------------%
|
|||
|
|
\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
|
|||
|
|
%---------------------periods----------------%
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1924}{1925}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1925}{1926}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/schroedinger.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\stopchronology
|
|||
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\item Equazione di Schroedinger
|
|||
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\begin{frame}[timeline09]
|
|||
|
|
\frametitle{Onde di materia}
|
|||
|
|
%---------------------timeline----------------%
|
|||
|
|
\startchronology[align=left, startyear=1915,stopyear=1940, height=0pt, startdate=false, stopdate=false, dateselevation=0pt, arrow=false, box=true]
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\chronograduation[event][dateselevation=0pt]{1}
|
|||
|
|
%---------------------periods----------------%
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1916}{1917}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/millikan.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1921}{1922}{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{files/compton.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1924}{1925}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{gr!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1925}{1926}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{files/schroedinger.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\chronoperiode[textstyle=\raggedleft\colorbox{inaf!50}, color=gr, startdate=false, bottomdepth=0pt, topheight=8pt, textdepth=-25pt,dateselevation=16pt, stopdate=false]{1927}{1928}{Esperimento di Davisson e Germer}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\stopchronology
|
|||
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\item Un fascio di elettroni attraversa un cristallo di nichel
|
|||
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\subsection{L'atomo di idrogeno}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\begin{frame}[idrogeno]
|
|||
|
|
\frametitle{Modelli \onslide<4->{e osservazione}}
|
|||
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0,outer sep=0}]
|
|||
|
|
\node at (0,0) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/bohr.jpg}};
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<2->\node at (1,0.5) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/debroglie.jpg}};
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<3->\node at (2,1) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/schroedinger.jpg}};
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<4->\node at (3,1.5) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/idrogeno.jpg}};
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<5->\node at (4,1.5) () {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/idrogeno_esperimento.jpg}};
|
|||
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|||
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<4->{\item 2013}
|
|||
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\begin{frame}[risorse]
|
|||
|
|
\frametitle{Risorse didattiche}
|
|||
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<1->{\item \href{http://scienzapertutti.infn.it/3-esperimenti-delle-due-fenditure-per-fotoni-ed-elettroni}{\textcolor{inaf}{Esperimento della doppia fenditura - Scienza per tutti}}}
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<2->{
|
|||
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\item \href{https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/young-s-double-slit-experiment-introduction-worksheet-for-6th-form-as-physics-11474274}{\textcolor{inaf}{Young's double slit experiment introduction worksheet for 6th form AS Physics}}
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<3->{\item \href{https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/the-original-double-slit-experiment-6328282}{\textcolor{inaf}{The Original Double Slit Experiment}}}
|
|||
|
|
\end{itemize}}
|
|||
|
|
\onslide<4>{\item \href{http://astroedu.iau.org/it/activities/1502/rompiamo-le-particelle/}{\textcolor{inaf}{Rompiamo le particelle - astroEDU}}}
|
|||
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|||
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\section{Bibliografia}
|
|||
|
|
%
|
|||
|
|
\begin{frame}[bibliografia]
|
|||
|
|
\frametitle{Bibliografia}
|
|||
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|||
|
|
{\includegraphics[width=5cm]{files/mondo_quantistico.jpg}}
|
|||
|
|
\end{center}
|
|||
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|||
|
|
\end{document}
|