yt-dlp is a youtube-dl fork based on the now inactive youtube-dlc. The main focus of this project is adding new features and patches while also keeping up to date with the original project

• NEW FEATURES
  • Differences in default behavior
• INSTALLATION
  • Update
  • Release Files
  • Dependencies
  • Compile
• USAGE AND OPTIONS
  • General Options
  • Network Options
  • Geo-restriction
  • Video Selection
  • Download Options
  • Filesystem Options
  • Thumbnail Options
  • Internet Shortcut Options
  • Verbosity and Simulation Options
  • Workarounds
  • Video Format Options
  • Subtitle Options
  • Authentication Options
  • Post-processing Options
  • SponsorBlock Options
  • Extractor Options
• CONFIGURATION
  • Authentication with .netrc file
• OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  • Output template and Windows batch files
  • Output template examples
• FORMAT SELECTION
  • Filtering Formats
  • Sorting Formats
  • Format Selection examples
• MODIFYING METADATA
  • Modifying metadata examples
• EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
• PLUGINS
• EMBEDDING YT-DLP
• DEPRECATED OPTIONS
• CONTRIBUTING
  • Opening an Issue
  • Developer Instructions
• MORE

NEW FEATURES

• Based on youtube-dl 2021.12.17 commit/6508688 and youtube-dlc 2020.11.11-3 commit/f9401f2: You get all the features and patches of youtube-dlc in addition to the latest youtube-dl

• SponsorBlock Integration: You can mark/remove sponsor sections in youtube videos by utilizing the SponsorBlock API

• Format Sorting: The default format sorting options have been changed so that higher resolution and better codecs will be now preferred instead of simply using larger bitrate. Furthermore, you can now specify the sort order using -S. This allows for much easier format selection than what is possible by simply using --format (examples)

• Merged with animelover1984/youtube-dl: You get most of the features and improvements from animelover1984/youtube-dl including --write-comments, BiliBiliSearch, BilibiliChannel, Embedding thumbnail in mp4/ogg/opus, playlist infojson etc. Note that the NicoNico livestreams are not available. See #31 for details.

• Youtube improvements:

  • All Feeds (:ytfav, :ytwatchlater, :ytsubs, :ythistory, :ytrec) and private playlists supports downloading multiple pages of content
  • Search (ytsearch:, ytsearchdate:), search URLs and in-channel search works
  • Mixes supports downloading multiple pages of content
  • Some (but not all) age-gated content can be downloaded without cookies
  • Fix for n-sig based throttling
  • Redirect channel's home URL automatically to /video to preserve the old behaviour
  • 255kbps audio is extracted (if available) from youtube music when premium cookies are given
  • Youtube music Albums, channels etc can be downloaded (except self-uploaded music)
  • Download livestreams from the start using --live-from-start (experimental)

• Cookies from browser: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using --cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE]

• Split video by chapters: Videos can be split into multiple files based on chapters using --split-chapters

• Multi-threaded fragment downloads: Download multiple fragments of m3u8/mpd videos in parallel. Use --concurrent-fragments (-N) option to set the number of threads used

• Aria2c with HLS/DASH: You can use aria2c as the external downloader for DASH(mpd) and HLS(m3u8) formats

• New and fixed extractors: Many new extractors have been added and a lot of existing ones have been fixed. See the changelog or the list of supported sites

• New MSOs: Philo, Spectrum, SlingTV, Cablevision, RCN

• Subtitle extraction from manifests: Subtitles can be extracted from streaming media manifests. See commit/be6202f for details

• Multiple paths and output templates: You can give different output templates and download paths for different types of files. You can also set a temporary path where intermediary files are downloaded to using --paths (-P)

• Portable Configuration: Configuration files are automatically loaded from the home and root directories. See configuration for details

• Output template improvements: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See output template for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of --parse-metadata and --replace-in-metadata

• Other new options: Many new options have been added such as --concat-playlist, --print, --wait-for-video, --sleep-requests, --convert-thumbnails, --write-link, --force-download-archive, --force-overwrites, --break-on-reject etc

• Improvements: Regex and other operators in --format/--match-filter, multiple --postprocessor-args and --downloader-args, faster archive checking, more format selection options, merge multi-video/audio, multiple --config-locations, --exec at different stages, etc

• Plugins: Extractors and PostProcessors can be loaded from an external file. See plugins for details

• Self-updater: The releases can be updated using yt-dlp -U

See changelog or commits for the full list of changes

Differences in default behavior

Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:

• The options --auto-number (-A), --title (-t) and --literal (-l), no longer work. See removed options for details
• avconv is not supported as an alternative to ffmpeg
• yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See configuration for a list of correct locations
• The default output template is %(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s. Instead, you may use --compat-options filename
• The default format sorting is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the --format-sort option to change this to any order you prefer, or use --compat-options format-sort to use youtube-dl's sorting order
• The default format selector is bv*+ba/b. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use -f bv+ba/b or --compat-options format-spec to revert this
• Unlike youtube-dlc, yt-dlp does not allow merging multiple audio/video streams into one file by default (since this conflicts with the use of -f bv*+ba). If needed, this feature must be enabled using --audio-multistreams and --video-multistreams. You can also use --compat-options multistreams to enable both
• --no-abort-on-error is enabled by default. Use --abort-on-error or --compat-options abort-on-error to abort on errors instead
• When writing metadata files such as thumbnails, description or infojson, the same information (if available) is also written for playlists. Use --no-write-playlist-metafiles or --compat-options no-playlist-metafiles to not write these files
• --add-metadata attaches the infojson to mkv files in addition to writing the metadata when used with --write-info-json. Use --no-embed-info-json or --compat-options no-attach-info-json to revert this
• Some metadata are embedded into different fields when using --add-metadata as compared to youtube-dl. Most notably, comment field contains the webpage_url and synopsis contains the description. You can use --parse-metadata to modify this to your liking or use --compat-options embed-metadata to revert this
• playlist_index behaves differently when used with options like --playlist-reverse and --playlist-items. See #302 for details. You can use --compat-options playlist-index if you want to keep the earlier behavior
• The output of -F is listed in a new format. Use --compat-options list-formats to revert this
• All experiences of a funimation episode are considered as a single video. This behavior breaks existing archives. Use --compat-options seperate-video-versions to extract information from only the default player
• Youtube live chat (if available) is considered as a subtitle. Use --sub-langs all,-live_chat to download all subtitles except live chat. You can also use --compat-options no-live-chat to prevent live chat from downloading
• Youtube channel URLs are automatically redirected to /video. Append a /featured to the URL to download only the videos in the home page. If the channel does not have a videos tab, we try to download the equivalent UU playlist instead. For all other tabs, if the channel does not show the requested tab, an error will be raised. Also, /live URLs raise an error if there are no live videos instead of silently downloading the entire channel. You may use --compat-options no-youtube-channel-redirect to revert all these redirections
• Unavailable videos are also listed for youtube playlists. Use --compat-options no-youtube-unavailable-videos to remove this
• If ffmpeg is used as the downloader, the downloading and merging of formats happen in a single step when possible. Use --compat-options no-direct-merge to revert this
• Thumbnail embedding in mp4 is done with mutagen if possible. Use --compat-options embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley to force the use of AtomicParsley instead
• Some private fields such as filenames are removed by default from the infojson. Use --no-clean-infojson or --compat-options no-clean-infojson to revert this
• When --embed-subs and --write-subs are used together, the subtitles are written to disk and also embedded in the media file. You can use just --embed-subs to embed the subs and automatically delete the separate file. See #630 (comment) for more info. --compat-options no-keep-subs can be used to revert this
• certifi will be used for SSL root certificates, if installed. If you want to use system certificates (e.g. self-signed), use --compat-options no-certifi
• youtube-dl tries to remove some superfluous punctuations from filenames. While this can sometimes be helpfull, it is often undesirable. So yt-dlp tries to keep the fields in the filenames as close to their original values as possible. You can use --compat-options filename-sanitization to revert to youtube-dl's behavior

For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:

• --compat-options all: Use all compat options
• --compat-options youtube-dl: Same as --compat-options all,-multistreams
• --compat-options youtube-dlc: Same as --compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect

INSTALLATION

You can install yt-dlp using one of the following methods:

Using the release binary

You can simply download the correct binary file for your OS

Note: The manpages, shell completion files etc. are available in the source tarball

In UNIX-like OSes (MacOS, Linux, BSD), you can also install the same in one of the following ways:

sudo curl -L https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -o /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp

sudo wget https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -O /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp

sudo aria2c https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp --dir /usr/local/bin -o yt-dlp
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp

With PIP

You can install the PyPI package with:

python3 -m pip install -U yt-dlp

You can install without any of the optional dependencies using:

python3 -m pip install --no-deps -U yt-dlp

If you want to be on the cutting edge, you can also install the master branch with:

python3 -m pip install --force-reinstall https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/archive/master.tar.gz

Note that on some systems, you may need to use py or python instead of python3

With Homebrew

macOS or Linux users that are using Homebrew can also install it by:

brew install yt-dlp/taps/yt-dlp

UPDATE

You can use yt-dlp -U to update if you are using the provided release

If you installed with pip, simply re-run the same command that was used to install the program

If you installed using Homebrew, run brew upgrade yt-dlp/taps/yt-dlp

RELEASE FILES

Recommended

File	Description
yt-dlp	Platform-independant binary. Needs Python (recommended for Linux/BSD)
yt-dlp.exe	Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for Windows)
yt-dlp_macos	MacOS (10.15+) standalone executable (recommended for MacOS)

Alternatives

File	Description
yt-dlp_x86.exe	Windows (Vista SP2+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
yt-dlp_min.exe	Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary built with py2exe. Does not contain pycryptodomex, needs VC++14
yt-dlp_win.zip	Unpackaged Windows executable (no auto-update)
yt-dlp_macos.zip	Unpackaged MacOS (10.15+) executable (no auto-update)

Misc

File	Description
yt-dlp.tar.gz	Source tarball. Also contains manpages, completions, etc
SHA2-512SUMS	GNU-style SHA512 sums
SHA2-256SUMS	GNU-style SHA256 sums

DEPENDENCIES

Python versions 3.6+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.

While all the other dependencies are optional, ffmpeg and ffprobe are highly recommended

• ffmpeg and ffprobe - Required for merging separate video and audio files as well as for various post-processing tasks. License depends on the build
• mutagen* - For embedding thumbnail in certain formats. Licensed under GPLv2+
• pycryptodomex* - For decrypting AES-128 HLS streams and various other data. Licensed under BSD-2-Clause
• websockets* - For downloading over websocket. Licensed under BSD-3-Clause
• secretstorage* - For accessing the Gnome keyring while decrypting cookies of Chromium-based browsers on Linux. Licensed under BSD-3-Clause
• brotli* or brotlicffi - Brotli content encoding support. Both licensed under MIT ^{1 2}
• certifi* - Provides Mozilla's root certificate bundle. Licensed under MPLv2
• AtomicParsley - For embedding thumbnail in mp4/m4a if mutagen/ffmpeg cannot. Licensed under GPLv2+
• rtmpdump - For downloading rtmp streams. ffmpeg will be used as a fallback. Licensed under GPLv2+
• mplayer or mpv - For downloading rstp streams. ffmpeg will be used as a fallback. Licensed under GPLv2+
• phantomjs - Used in extractors where javascript needs to be run. Licensed under BSD-3-Clause
• sponskrub - For using the now deprecated sponskrub options. Licensed under GPLv3+
• Any external downloader that you want to use with --downloader

To use or redistribute the dependencies, you must agree to their respective licensing terms.

The Windows and MacOS standalone release binaries are already built with the python interpreter and all optional python packages (marked with *) included.

Note: There are some regressions in newer ffmpeg versions that causes various issues when used alongside yt-dlp. Since ffmpeg is such an important dependency, we provide custom builds with patches for these issues at yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds. See the readme for details on the specific issues solved by these builds

COMPILE

For Windows: To build the Windows executable, you must have pyinstaller (and any of yt-dlp's optional dependencies if needed). Once you have all the necessary dependencies installed, (optionally) build lazy extractors using devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py, and then just run pyinst.py. The executable will be built for the same architecture (32/64 bit) as the python used to build it.

py -m pip install -U pyinstaller -r requirements.txt
py devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
py pyinst.py

Note that pyinstaller does not support Python installed from the Windows store without using a virtual environment

For Unix: You will need the required build tools: python, make (GNU), pandoc, zip, pytest
Then simply run make. You can also run make yt-dlp instead to compile only the binary without updating any of the additional files

Note: In either platform, devscripts/update-version.py can be used to automatically update the version number

You can also fork the project on github and run your fork's build workflow to automatically build a release

USAGE AND OPTIONS

yt-dlp [OPTIONS] [--] URL [URL...]

Ctrl+F is your friend :D

General Options:

-h, --help                       Print this help text and exit
--version                        Print program version and exit
-U, --update                     Update this program to latest version. Make
                                 sure that you have sufficient permissions
                                 (run with sudo if needed)
-i, --ignore-errors              Ignore download and postprocessing errors.
                                 The download will be considered successful
                                 even if the postprocessing fails
--no-abort-on-error              Continue with next video on download
                                 errors; e.g. to skip unavailable videos in
                                 a playlist (default)
--abort-on-error                 Abort downloading of further videos if an
                                 error occurs (Alias: --no-ignore-errors)
--dump-user-agent                Display the current user-agent and exit
--list-extractors                List all supported extractors and exit
--extractor-descriptions         Output descriptions of all supported
                                 extractors and exit
--force-generic-extractor        Force extraction to use the generic
                                 extractor
--default-search PREFIX          Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
                                 example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos
                                 from google videos for the search term
                                 "large apple". Use the value "auto" to let
                                 yt-dlp guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
                                 warning when guessing). "error" just throws
                                 an error. The default value "fixup_error"
                                 repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if
                                 this is not possible instead of searching
--ignore-config                  Don't load any more configuration files
                                 except those given by --config-locations.
                                 For backward compatibility, if this option
                                 is found inside the system configuration
                                 file, the user configuration is not loaded.
                                 (Alias: --no-config)
--no-config-locations            Do not load any custom configuration files
                                 (default). When given inside a
                                 configuration file, ignore all previous
                                 --config-locations defined in the current
                                 file
--config-locations PATH          Location of the main configuration file;
                                 either the path to the config or its
                                 containing directory. Can be used multiple
                                 times and inside other configuration files
--flat-playlist                  Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                 only list them
--no-flat-playlist               Extract the videos of a playlist
--live-from-start                Download livestreams from the start.
                                 Currently only supported for YouTube
                                 (Experimental)
--no-live-from-start             Download livestreams from the current time
                                 (default)
--wait-for-video MIN[-MAX]       Wait for scheduled streams to become
                                 available. Pass the minimum number of
                                 seconds (or range) to wait between retries
--no-wait-for-video              Do not wait for scheduled streams (default)
--mark-watched                   Mark videos watched (even with --simulate)
--no-mark-watched                Do not mark videos watched (default)
--no-colors                      Do not emit color codes in output
--compat-options OPTS            Options that can help keep compatibility
                                 with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc
                                 configurations by reverting some of the
                                 changes made in yt-dlp. See "Differences in
                                 default behavior" for details

Network Options:

--proxy URL                      Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy.
                                 To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a proper
                                 scheme. For example
                                 socks5://user:pass@127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in
                                 an empty string (--proxy "") for direct
                                 connection
--socket-timeout SECONDS         Time to wait before giving up, in seconds
--source-address IP              Client-side IP address to bind to
-4, --force-ipv4                 Make all connections via IPv4
-6, --force-ipv6                 Make all connections via IPv6

Geo-restriction:

--geo-verification-proxy URL     Use this proxy to verify the IP address for
                                 some geo-restricted sites. The default
                                 proxy specified by --proxy (or none, if the
                                 option is not present) is used for the
                                 actual downloading
--geo-bypass                     Bypass geographic restriction via faking
                                 X-Forwarded-For HTTP header (default)
--no-geo-bypass                  Do not bypass geographic restriction via
                                 faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
--geo-bypass-country CODE        Force bypass geographic restriction with
                                 explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2
                                 country code
--geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK   Force bypass geographic restriction with
                                 explicitly provided IP block in CIDR
                                 notation

Video Selection:

--playlist-start NUMBER          Playlist video to start at (default is 1)
--playlist-end NUMBER            Playlist video to end at (default is last)
--playlist-items ITEM_SPEC       Playlist video items to download. Specify
                                 indices of the videos in the playlist
                                 separated by commas like: "--playlist-items
                                 1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
                                 indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
                                 specify range: "--playlist-items
                                 1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
                                 at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13
--min-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos smaller than
                                 SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
--max-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
                                 (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
--date DATE                      Download only videos uploaded on this date.
                                 The date can be "YYYYMMDD" or in the format
                                 "(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?"
--datebefore DATE                Download only videos uploaded on or before
                                 this date. The date formats accepted is the
                                 same as --date
--dateafter DATE                 Download only videos uploaded on or after
                                 this date. The date formats accepted is the
                                 same as --date
--match-filters FILTER           Generic video filter. Any field (see
                                 "OUTPUT TEMPLATE") can be compared with a
                                 number or a string using the operators
                                 defined in "Filtering formats". You can
                                 also simply specify a field to match if the
                                 field is present, use "!field" to check if
                                 the field is not present, and "&" to check
                                 multiple conditions. Use a "\" to escape
                                 "&" or quotes if needed. If used multiple
                                 times, the filter matches if atleast one of
                                 the conditions are met. Eg: --match-filter
                                 !is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 &
                                 description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'"
                                 matches only videos that are not live OR
                                 those that have a like count more than 100
                                 (or the like field is not available) and
                                 also has a description that contains the
                                 phrase "cats & dogs" (ignoring case)
--no-match-filter                Do not use generic video filter (default)
--no-playlist                    Download only the video, if the URL refers
                                 to a video and a playlist
--yes-playlist                   Download the playlist, if the URL refers to
                                 a video and a playlist
--age-limit YEARS                Download only videos suitable for the given
                                 age
--download-archive FILE          Download only videos not listed in the
                                 archive file. Record the IDs of all
                                 downloaded videos in it
--no-download-archive            Do not use archive file (default)
--max-downloads NUMBER           Abort after downloading NUMBER files
--break-on-existing              Stop the download process when encountering
                                 a file that is in the archive
--break-on-reject                Stop the download process when encountering
                                 a file that has been filtered out
--break-per-input                Make --break-on-existing and --break-on-
                                 reject act only on the current input URL
--no-break-per-input             --break-on-existing and --break-on-reject
                                 terminates the entire download queue
--skip-playlist-after-errors N   Number of allowed failures until the rest
                                 of the playlist is skipped

Download Options:

-N, --concurrent-fragments N     Number of fragments of a dash/hlsnative
                                 video that should be downloaded
                                 concurrently (default is 1)
-r, --limit-rate RATE            Maximum download rate in bytes per second
                                 (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
--throttled-rate RATE            Minimum download rate in bytes per second
                                 below which throttling is assumed and the
                                 video data is re-extracted (e.g. 100K)
-R, --retries RETRIES            Number of retries (default is 10), or
                                 "infinite"
--file-access-retries RETRIES    Number of times to retry on file access
                                 error (default is 10), or "infinite"
--fragment-retries RETRIES       Number of retries for a fragment (default
                                 is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, hlsnative and
                                 ISM)
--skip-unavailable-fragments     Skip unavailable fragments for DASH,
                                 hlsnative and ISM (default)
                                 (Alias: --no-abort-on-unavailable-fragment)
--abort-on-unavailable-fragment  Abort downloading if a fragment is unavailable
                                 (Alias: --no-skip-unavailable-fragments)
--keep-fragments                 Keep downloaded fragments on disk after
                                 downloading is finished
--no-keep-fragments              Delete downloaded fragments after
                                 downloading is finished (default)
--buffer-size SIZE               Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)
                                 (default is 1024)
--resize-buffer                  The buffer size is automatically resized
                                 from an initial value of --buffer-size
                                 (default)
--no-resize-buffer               Do not automatically adjust the buffer size
--http-chunk-size SIZE           Size of a chunk for chunk-based HTTP
                                 downloading (e.g. 10485760 or 10M) (default
                                 is disabled). May be useful for bypassing
                                 bandwidth throttling imposed by a webserver
                                 (experimental)
--playlist-reverse               Download playlist videos in reverse order
--no-playlist-reverse            Download playlist videos in default order
                                 (default)
--playlist-random                Download playlist videos in random order
--xattr-set-filesize             Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with
                                 expected file size
--hls-use-mpegts                 Use the mpegts container for HLS videos;
                                 allowing some players to play the video
                                 while downloading, and reducing the chance
                                 of file corruption if download is
                                 interrupted. This is enabled by default for
                                 live streams
--no-hls-use-mpegts              Do not use the mpegts container for HLS
                                 videos. This is default when not
                                 downloading live streams
--downloader [PROTO:]NAME        Name or path of the external downloader to
                                 use (optionally) prefixed by the protocols
                                 (http, ftp, m3u8, dash, rstp, rtmp, mms) to
                                 use it for. Currently supports native,
                                 aria2c, avconv, axel, curl, ffmpeg, httpie,
                                 wget (Recommended: aria2c). You can use
                                 this option multiple times to set different
                                 downloaders for different protocols. For
                                 example, --downloader aria2c --downloader
                                 "dash,m3u8:native" will use aria2c for
                                 http/ftp downloads, and the native
                                 downloader for dash/m3u8 downloads (Alias:
                                 --external-downloader)
--downloader-args NAME:ARGS      Give these arguments to the external
                                 downloader. Specify the downloader name and
                                 the arguments separated by a colon ":". For
                                 ffmpeg, arguments can be passed to
                                 different positions using the same syntax
                                 as --postprocessor-args. You can use this
                                 option multiple times to give different
                                 arguments to different downloaders (Alias:
                                 --external-downloader-args)

Filesystem Options:

-a, --batch-file FILE            File containing URLs to download ("-" for
                                 stdin), one URL per line. Lines starting
                                 with "#", ";" or "]" are considered as
                                 comments and ignored
--no-batch-file                  Do not read URLs from batch file (default)
-P, --paths [TYPES:]PATH         The paths where the files should be
                                 downloaded. Specify the type of file and
                                 the path separated by a colon ":". All the
                                 same TYPES as --output are supported.
                                 Additionally, you can also provide "home"
                                 (default) and "temp" paths. All
                                 intermediary files are first downloaded to
                                 the temp path and then the final files are
                                 moved over to the home path after download
                                 is finished. This option is ignored if
                                 --output is an absolute path
-o, --output [TYPES:]TEMPLATE    Output filename template; see "OUTPUT
                                 TEMPLATE" for details
--output-na-placeholder TEXT     Placeholder value for unavailable meta
                                 fields in output filename template
                                 (default: "NA")
--restrict-filenames             Restrict filenames to only ASCII
                                 characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
                                 filenames
--no-restrict-filenames          Allow Unicode characters, "&" and spaces in
                                 filenames (default)
--windows-filenames              Force filenames to be Windows-compatible
--no-windows-filenames           Make filenames Windows-compatible only if
                                 using Windows (default)
--trim-filenames LENGTH          Limit the filename length (excluding
                                 extension) to the specified number of
                                 characters
-w, --no-overwrites              Do not overwrite any files
--force-overwrites               Overwrite all video and metadata files.
                                 This option includes --no-continue
--no-force-overwrites            Do not overwrite the video, but overwrite
                                 related files (default)
-c, --continue                   Resume partially downloaded files/fragments
                                 (default)
--no-continue                    Do not resume partially downloaded
                                 fragments. If the file is not fragmented,
                                 restart download of the entire file
--part                           Use .part files instead of writing directly
                                 into output file (default)
--no-part                        Do not use .part files - write directly
                                 into output file
--mtime                          Use the Last-modified header to set the
                                 file modification time (default)
--no-mtime                       Do not use the Last-modified header to set
                                 the file modification time
--write-description              Write video description to a .description
                                 file
--no-write-description           Do not write video description (default)
--write-info-json                Write video metadata to a .info.json file
                                 (this may contain personal information)
--no-write-info-json             Do not write video metadata (default)
--write-playlist-metafiles       Write playlist metadata in addition to the
                                 video metadata when using --write-info-json,
                                 --write-description etc. (default)
--no-write-playlist-metafiles    Do not write playlist metadata when using
                                 --write-info-json, --write-description etc.
--clean-info-json                Remove some private fields such as
                                 filenames from the infojson. Note that it
                                 could still contain some personal
                                 information (default)
--no-clean-info-json             Write all fields to the infojson
--write-comments                 Retrieve video comments to be placed in the
                                 infojson. The comments are fetched even
                                 without this option if the extraction is
                                 known to be quick (Alias: --get-comments)
--no-write-comments              Do not retrieve video comments unless the
                                 extraction is known to be quick (Alias:
                                 --no-get-comments)
--load-info-json FILE            JSON file containing the video information
                                 (created with the "--write-info-json"
                                 option)
--cookies FILE                   Netscape formatted file to read cookies
                                 from and dump cookie jar in
--no-cookies                     Do not read/dump cookies from/to file
                                 (default)
--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE]
                                 The name of the browser and (optionally)
                                 the name/path of the profile to load
                                 cookies from, separated by a ":". Currently
                                 supported browsers are: brave, chrome,
                                 chromium, edge, firefox, opera, safari,
                                 vivaldi. By default, the most recently
                                 accessed profile is used. The keyring used
                                 for decrypting Chromium cookies on Linux
                                 can be (optionally) specified after the
                                 browser name separated by a "+". Currently
                                 supported keyrings are: basictext,
                                 gnomekeyring, kwallet
--no-cookies-from-browser        Do not load cookies from browser (default)
--cache-dir DIR                  Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
                                 can store some downloaded information (such
                                 as client ids and signatures) permanently.
                                 By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME/yt-dlp or
                                 ~/.cache/yt-dlp
--no-cache-dir                   Disable filesystem caching
--rm-cache-dir                   Delete all filesystem cache files

Thumbnail Options:

--write-thumbnail                Write thumbnail image to disk
--no-write-thumbnail             Do not write thumbnail image to disk
                                 (default)
--write-all-thumbnails           Write all thumbnail image formats to disk
--list-thumbnails                List available thumbnails of each video.
                                 Simulate unless --no-simulate is used

Internet Shortcut Options:

--write-link                     Write an internet shortcut file, depending
                                 on the current platform (.url, .webloc or
                                 .desktop). The URL may be cached by the OS
--write-url-link                 Write a .url Windows internet shortcut. The
                                 OS caches the URL based on the file path
--write-webloc-link              Write a .webloc macOS internet shortcut
--write-desktop-link             Write a .desktop Linux internet shortcut

Verbosity and Simulation Options:

-q, --quiet                      Activate quiet mode. If used with
                                 --verbose, print the log to stderr
--no-warnings                    Ignore warnings
-s, --simulate                   Do not download the video and do not write
                                 anything to disk
--no-simulate                    Download the video even if printing/listing
                                 options are used
--ignore-no-formats-error        Ignore "No video formats" error. Useful for
                                 extracting metadata even if the videos are
                                 not actually available for download
                                 (experimental)
--no-ignore-no-formats-error     Throw error when no downloadable video
                                 formats are found (default)
--skip-download                  Do not download the video but write all
                                 related files (Alias: --no-download)
-O, --print [WHEN:]TEMPLATE      Field name or output template to print to
                                 screen, optionally prefixed with when to
                                 print it, separated by a ":". Supported
                                 values of "WHEN" are the same as that of
                                 --use-postprocessor, and "video" (default).
                                 Implies --quiet and --simulate (unless
                                 --no-simulate is used). This option can be
                                 used multiple times
--print-to-file [WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE
                                 Append given template to the file. The
                                 values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as
                                 that of --print. FILE uses the same syntax
                                 as the output template. This option can be
                                 used multiple times
-j, --dump-json                  Quiet, but print JSON information for each
                                 video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
                                 used. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a
                                 description of available keys
-J, --dump-single-json           Quiet, but print JSON information for each
                                 url or infojson passed. Simulate unless
                                 --no-simulate is used. If the URL refers to
                                 a playlist, the whole playlist information
                                 is dumped in a single line
--force-write-archive            Force download archive entries to be
                                 written as far as no errors occur, even if
                                 -s or another simulation option is used
                                 (Alias: --force-download-archive)
--newline                        Output progress bar as new lines
--no-progress                    Do not print progress bar
--progress                       Show progress bar, even if in quiet mode
--console-title                  Display progress in console titlebar
--progress-template [TYPES:]TEMPLATE
                                 Template for progress outputs, optionally
                                 prefixed with one of "download:" (default),
                                 "download-title:" (the console title),
                                 "postprocess:",  or "postprocess-title:".
                                 The video's fields are accessible under the
                                 "info" key and the progress attributes are
                                 accessible under "progress" key. E.g.:
                                 --console-title --progress-template
                                 "download-title:%(info.id)s-%(progress.eta)s"
-v, --verbose                    Print various debugging information
--dump-pages                     Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
                                 to debug problems (very verbose)
--write-pages                    Write downloaded intermediary pages to
                                 files in the current directory to debug
                                 problems
--print-traffic                  Display sent and read HTTP traffic

Workarounds:

--encoding ENCODING              Force the specified encoding (experimental)
--legacy-server-connect          Explicitly allow HTTPS connection to
                                 servers that do not support RFC 5746 secure
                                 renegotiation
--no-check-certificates          Suppress HTTPS certificate validation
--prefer-insecure                Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
                                 information about the video (Currently
                                 supported only for YouTube)
--add-header FIELD:VALUE         Specify a custom HTTP header and its value,
                                 separated by a colon ":". You can use this
                                 option multiple times
--bidi-workaround                Work around terminals that lack
                                 bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv
                                 or fribidi executable in PATH
--sleep-requests SECONDS         Number of seconds to sleep between requests
                                 during data extraction
--sleep-interval SECONDS         Number of seconds to sleep before each
                                 download. This is the minimum time to sleep
                                 when used along with --max-sleep-interval
                                 (Alias: --min-sleep-interval)
--max-sleep-interval SECONDS     Maximum number of seconds to sleep. Can
                                 only be used along with --min-sleep-interval
--sleep-subtitles SECONDS        Number of seconds to sleep before each
                                 subtitle download

Video Format Options:

-f, --format FORMAT              Video format code, see "FORMAT SELECTION"
                                 for more details
-S, --format-sort SORTORDER      Sort the formats by the fields given, see
                                 "Sorting Formats" for more details
--S-force, --format-sort-force   Force user specified sort order to have
                                 precedence over all fields, see "Sorting
                                 Formats" for more details
--no-format-sort-force           Some fields have precedence over the user
                                 specified sort order (default), see
                                 "Sorting Formats" for more details
--video-multistreams             Allow multiple video streams to be merged
                                 into a single file
--no-video-multistreams          Only one video stream is downloaded for
                                 each output file (default)
--audio-multistreams             Allow multiple audio streams to be merged
                                 into a single file
--no-audio-multistreams          Only one audio stream is downloaded for
                                 each output file (default)
--prefer-free-formats            Prefer video formats with free containers
                                 over non-free ones of same quality. Use
                                 with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free
                                 containers irrespective of quality
--no-prefer-free-formats         Don't give any special preference to free
                                 containers (default)
--check-formats                  Check that the selected formats are
                                 actually downloadable
--check-all-formats              Check all formats for whether they are
                                 actually downloadable
--no-check-formats               Do not check that the formats are actually
                                 downloadable
-F, --list-formats               List available formats of each video.
                                 Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
--merge-output-format FORMAT     If a merge is required (e.g.
                                 bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
                                 container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,
                                 webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required

Subtitle Options:

--write-subs                     Write subtitle file
--no-write-subs                  Do not write subtitle file (default)
--write-auto-subs                Write automatically generated subtitle file
                                 (Alias: --write-automatic-subs)
--no-write-auto-subs             Do not write auto-generated subtitles
                                 (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
--list-subs                      List available subtitles of each video.
                                 Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
--sub-format FORMAT              Subtitle format, accepts formats
                                 preference, for example: "srt" or
                                 "ass/srt/best"
--sub-langs LANGS                Languages of the subtitles to download (can
                                 be regex) or "all" separated by commas.
                                 (Eg: --sub-langs "en.*,ja") You can prefix
                                 the language code with a "-" to exempt it
                                 from the requested languages. (Eg:
                                 --sub-langs all,-live_chat) Use --list-subs
                                 for a list of available language tags

Authentication Options:

-u, --username USERNAME          Login with this account ID
-p, --password PASSWORD          Account password. If this option is left
                                 out, yt-dlp will ask interactively
-2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR        Two-factor authentication code
-n, --netrc                      Use .netrc authentication data
--netrc-location PATH            Location of .netrc authentication data;
                                 either the path or its containing
                                 directory. Defaults to ~/.netrc
--video-password PASSWORD        Video password (vimeo, youku)
--ap-mso MSO                     Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV
                                 provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for
                                 a list of available MSOs
--ap-username USERNAME           Multiple-system operator account login
--ap-password PASSWORD           Multiple-system operator account password.
                                 If this option is left out, yt-dlp will ask
                                 interactively
--ap-list-mso                    List all supported multiple-system
                                 operators

Post-Processing Options:

-x, --extract-audio              Convert video files to audio-only files
                                 (requires ffmpeg and ffprobe)
--audio-format FORMAT            Specify audio format to convert the audio
                                 to when -x is used. Currently supported
                                 formats are: best (default) or one of aac,
                                 flac, mp3, m4a, opus, vorbis, wav, alac
--audio-quality QUALITY          Specify ffmpeg audio quality to use when
                                 converting the audio with -x. Insert a
                                 value between 0 (best) and 10 (worst) for
                                 VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
                                 (default 5)
--remux-video FORMAT             Remux the video into another container if
                                 necessary (currently supported: mp4, mkv,
                                 flv, webm, mov, avi, mka, ogg, aac, flac,
                                 mp3, m4a, opus, vorbis, wav, alac). If
                                 target container does not support the
                                 video/audio codec, remuxing will fail. You
                                 can specify multiple rules; Eg.
                                 "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to
                                 m4a, mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv.
--recode-video FORMAT            Re-encode the video into another format if
                                 re-encoding is necessary. The syntax and
                                 supported formats are the same as --remux-video
--postprocessor-args NAME:ARGS   Give these arguments to the postprocessors.
                                 Specify the postprocessor/executable name
                                 and the arguments separated by a colon ":"
                                 to give the argument to the specified
                                 postprocessor/executable. Supported PP are:
                                 Merger, ModifyChapters, SplitChapters,
                                 ExtractAudio, VideoRemuxer, VideoConvertor,
                                 Metadata, EmbedSubtitle, EmbedThumbnail,
                                 SubtitlesConvertor, ThumbnailsConvertor,
                                 FixupStretched, FixupM4a, FixupM3u8,
                                 FixupTimestamp and FixupDuration. The
                                 supported executables are: AtomicParsley,
                                 FFmpeg and FFprobe. You can also specify
                                 "PP+EXE:ARGS" to give the arguments to the
                                 specified executable only when being used
                                 by the specified postprocessor.
                                 Additionally, for ffmpeg/ffprobe, "_i"/"_o"
                                 can be appended to the prefix optionally
                                 followed by a number to pass the argument
                                 before the specified input/output file. Eg:
                                 --ppa "Merger+ffmpeg_i1:-v quiet". You can
                                 use this option multiple times to give
                                 different arguments to different
                                 postprocessors. (Alias: --ppa)
-k, --keep-video                 Keep the intermediate video file on disk
                                 after post-processing
--no-keep-video                  Delete the intermediate video file after
                                 post-processing (default)
--post-overwrites                Overwrite post-processed files (default)
--no-post-overwrites             Do not overwrite post-processed files
--embed-subs                     Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4,
                                 webm and mkv videos)
--no-embed-subs                  Do not embed subtitles (default)
--embed-thumbnail                Embed thumbnail in the video as cover art
--no-embed-thumbnail             Do not embed thumbnail (default)
--embed-metadata                 Embed metadata to the video file. Also
                                 embeds chapters/infojson if present unless
                                 --no-embed-chapters/--no-embed-info-json
                                 are used (Alias: --add-metadata)
--no-embed-metadata              Do not add metadata to file (default)
                                 (Alias: --no-add-metadata)
--embed-chapters                 Add chapter markers to the video file
                                 (Alias: --add-chapters)
--no-embed-chapters              Do not add chapter markers (default)
                                 (Alias: --no-add-chapters)
--embed-info-json                Embed the infojson as an attachment to
                                 mkv/mka video files
--no-embed-info-json             Do not embed the infojson as an attachment
                                 to the video file
--parse-metadata FROM:TO         Parse additional metadata like title/artist
                                 from other fields; see "MODIFYING METADATA"
                                 for details
--replace-in-metadata FIELDS REGEX REPLACE
                                 Replace text in a metadata field using the
                                 given regex. This option can be used
                                 multiple times
--xattrs                         Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
                                 (using dublin core and xdg standards)
--concat-playlist POLICY         Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of
                                 "never", "always", or "multi_video"
                                 (default; only when the videos form a
                                 single show). All the video files must have
                                 same codecs and number of streams to be
                                 concatable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
                                 used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
                                 the output filename for the split files.
                                 See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
--fixup POLICY                   Automatically correct known faults of the
                                 file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
                                 emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
                                 default; fix file if we can, warn
                                 otherwise), force (try fixing even if file
                                 already exists)
--ffmpeg-location PATH           Location of the ffmpeg binary; either the
                                 path to the binary or its containing
                                 directory
--exec [WHEN:]CMD                Execute a command, optionally prefixed with
                                 when to execute it (after_move if
                                 unspecified), separated by a ":". Supported
                                 values of "WHEN" are the same as that of
                                 --use-postprocessor. Same syntax as the
                                 output template can be used to pass any
                                 field as arguments to the command. After
                                 download, an additional field "filepath"
                                 that contains the final path of the
                                 downloaded file is also available, and if
                                 no fields are passed, %(filepath)q is
                                 appended to the end of the command. This
                                 option can be used multiple times
--no-exec                        Remove any previously defined --exec
--convert-subs FORMAT            Convert the subtitles to another format
                                 (currently supported: srt, vtt, ass, lrc)
                                 (Alias: --convert-subtitles)
--convert-thumbnails FORMAT      Convert the thumbnails to another format
                                 (currently supported: jpg, png, webp)
--split-chapters                 Split video into multiple files based on
                                 internal chapters. The "chapter:" prefix
                                 can be used with "--paths" and "--output"
                                 to set the output filename for the split
                                 files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
--no-split-chapters              Do not split video based on chapters
                                 (default)
--remove-chapters REGEX          Remove chapters whose title matches the
                                 given regular expression. Time ranges
                                 prefixed by a "*" can also be used in place
                                 of chapters to remove the specified range.
                                 Eg: --remove-chapters "*10:15-15:00"
                                 --remove-chapters "intro". This option can
                                 be used multiple times
--no-remove-chapters             Do not remove any chapters from the file
                                 (default)
--force-keyframes-at-cuts        Force keyframes around the chapters before
                                 removing/splitting them. Requires a
                                 re-encode and thus is very slow, but the
                                 resulting video may have fewer artifacts
                                 around the cuts
--no-force-keyframes-at-cuts     Do not force keyframes around the chapters
                                 when cutting/splitting (default)
--use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS]  The (case sensitive) name of plugin
                                 postprocessors to be enabled, and
                                 (optionally) arguments to be passed to it,
                                 separated by a colon ":". ARGS are a
                                 semicolon ";" delimited list of NAME=VALUE.
                                 The "when" argument determines when the
                                 postprocessor is invoked. It can be one of
                                 "pre_process" (after video extraction),
                                 "after_filter" (after video passes filter),
                                 "before_dl" (before each video download),
                                 "post_process" (after each video download;
                                 default), "after_move" (after moving video
                                 file to it's final locations),
                                 "after_video" (after downloading and
                                 processing all formats of a video), or
                                 "playlist" (at end of playlist). This
                                 option can be used multiple times to add
                                 different postprocessors

SponsorBlock Options:

Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor, introductions, etc.) from downloaded YouTube videos using the SponsorBlock API

--sponsorblock-mark CATS         SponsorBlock categories to create chapters
                                 for, separated by commas. Available
                                 categories are all, default(=all), sponsor,
                                 intro, outro, selfpromo, preview, filler,
                                 interaction, music_offtopic, poi_highlight.
                                 You can prefix the category with a "-" to
                                 exempt it. See [1] for description of the
                                 categories. Eg: --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview
                                 [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories
--sponsorblock-remove CATS       SponsorBlock categories to be removed from
                                 the video file, separated by commas. If a
                                 category is present in both mark and
                                 remove, remove takes precedence. The syntax
                                 and available categories are the same as
                                 for --sponsorblock-mark except that
                                 "default" refers to "all,-filler" and
                                 poi_highlight is not available
--sponsorblock-chapter-title TEMPLATE
                                 The title template for SponsorBlock
                                 chapters created by --sponsorblock-mark.
                                 The same syntax as the output template is
                                 used, but the only available fields are
                                 start_time, end_time, category, categories,
                                 name, category_names. Defaults to
                                 "[SponsorBlock]: %(category_names)l"
--no-sponsorblock                Disable both --sponsorblock-mark and
                                 --sponsorblock-remove
--sponsorblock-api URL           SponsorBlock API location, defaults to
                                 https://sponsor.ajay.app

Extractor Options:

--extractor-retries RETRIES      Number of retries for known extractor
                                 errors (default is 3), or "infinite"
--allow-dynamic-mpd              Process dynamic DASH manifests (default)
                                 (Alias: --no-ignore-dynamic-mpd)
--ignore-dynamic-mpd             Do not process dynamic DASH manifests
                                 (Alias: --no-allow-dynamic-mpd)
--hls-split-discontinuity        Split HLS playlists to different formats at
                                 discontinuities such as ad breaks
--no-hls-split-discontinuity     Do not split HLS playlists to different
                                 formats at discontinuities such as ad
                                 breaks (default)
--extractor-args KEY:ARGS        Pass these arguments to the extractor. See
                                 "EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS" for details. You can
                                 use this option multiple times to give
                                 arguments for different extractors

CONFIGURATION

You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:

1. Main Configuration: The file given by --config-location

2. Portable Configuration: yt-dlp.conf in the same directory as the bundled binary. If you are running from source-code (<root dir>/yt_dlp/__main__.py), the root directory is used instead.

3. Home Configuration: yt-dlp.conf in the home path given by -P, or in the current directory if no such path is given

4. User Configuration:

   • %XDG_CONFIG_HOME%/yt-dlp/config (recommended on Linux/macOS)
   • %XDG_CONFIG_HOME%/yt-dlp.conf
   • %APPDATA%/yt-dlp/config (recommended on Windows)
   • %APPDATA%/yt-dlp/config.txt
   • ~/yt-dlp.conf
   • ~/yt-dlp.conf.txt

   %XDG_CONFIG_HOME% defaults to ~/.config if undefined. On windows, %APPDATA% generally points to C:\Users\<user name>\AppData\Roaming and ~ points to %HOME% if present, %USERPROFILE% (generally C:\Users\<user name>), or %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%

5. System Configuration: /etc/yt-dlp.conf

For example, with the following configuration file yt-dlp will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under YouTube directory in your home directory:

# Lines starting with # are comments

# Always extract audio
-x

# Do not copy the mtime
--no-mtime

# Use this proxy
--proxy 127.0.0.1:3128

# Save all videos under YouTube directory in your home directory
-o ~/YouTube/%(title)s.%(ext)s

Note that options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there must be no whitespace after - or --, e.g. -o or --proxy but not - o or -- proxy.

You can use --ignore-config if you want to disable all configuration files for a particular yt-dlp run. If --ignore-config is found inside any configuration file, no further configuration will be loaded. For example, having the option in the portable configuration file prevents loading of home, user, and system configurations. Additionally, (for backward compatibility) if --ignore-config is found inside the system configuration file, the user configuration is not loaded.

Authentication with .netrc file

You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with --username and --password) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a .netrc file on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a .netrc file in --netrc-location and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:

touch $HOME/.netrc
chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc

After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where extractor is the name of the extractor in lowercase:

machine <extractor> login <username> password <password>

For example:

machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password
machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password

To activate authentication with the .netrc file you should pass --netrc to yt-dlp or place it in the configuration file.

The default location of the .netrc file is $HOME (~) in UNIX. On Windows, it is %HOME% if present, %USERPROFILE% (generally C:\Users\<user name>) or %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%

OUTPUT TEMPLATE

The -o option is used to indicate a template for the output file names while -P option is used to specify the path each type of file should be saved to.

tl;dr: navigate me to examples.

The simplest usage of -o is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in yt-dlp -o funny_video.flv "https://some/video" (hard-coding file extension like this is not recommended and could break some post-processing).

It may however also contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences may be formatted according to Python string formatting operations. For example, %(NAME)s or %(NAME)05d. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by formatting operations.

The field names themselves (the part inside the parenthesis) can also have some special formatting:

1. Object traversal: The dictionaries and lists available in metadata can be traversed by using a . (dot) separator. You can also do python slicing using :. Eg: %(tags.0)s, %(subtitles.en.-1.ext)s, %(id.3:7:-1)s, %(formats.:.format_id)s. %()s refers to the entire infodict. Note that all the fields that become available using this method are not listed below. Use -j to see such fields

2. Addition: Addition and subtraction of numeric fields can be done using + and - respectively. Eg: %(playlist_index+10)03d, %(n_entries+1-playlist_index)d

3. Date/time Formatting: Date/time fields can be formatted according to strftime formatting by specifying it separated from the field name using a >. Eg: %(duration>%H-%M-%S)s, %(upload_date>%Y-%m-%d)s, %(epoch-3600>%H-%M-%S)s

4. Alternatives: Alternate fields can be specified separated with a ,. Eg: %(release_date>%Y,upload_date>%Y|Unknown)s

5. Replacement: A replacement value can specified using a & separator. If the field is not empty, this replacement value will be used instead of the actual field content. This is done after alternate fields are considered; thus the replacement is used if any of the alternative fields is not empty.

6. Default: A literal default value can be specified for when the field is empty using a | separator. This overrides --output-na-template. Eg: %(uploader|Unknown)s

7. More Conversions: In addition to the normal format types diouxXeEfFgGcrs, B, j, l, q, D, S can be used for converting to Bytes, json (flag # for pretty-printing), a comma separated list (flag # for \n newline-separated), a string quoted for the terminal (flag # to split a list into different arguments), to add Decimal suffixes (Eg: 10M) (flag # to use 1024 as factor), and to Sanitize as filename (flag # for restricted), respectively

8. Unicode normalization: The format type U can be used for NFC unicode normalization. The alternate form flag (#) changes the normalization to NFD and the conversion flag + can be used for NFKC/NFKD compatibility equivalence normalization. Eg: %(title)+.100U is NFKC

To summarize, the general syntax for a field is:

%(name[.keys][addition][>strf][,alternate][&replacement][|default])[flags][width][.precision][length]type

Additionally, you can set different output templates for the various metadata files separately from the general output template by specifying the type of file followed by the template separated by a colon :. The different file types supported are subtitle, thumbnail, description, annotation (deprecated), infojson, link, pl_thumbnail, pl_description, pl_infojson, chapter, pl_video. For example, -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "thumbnail:%(title)s\%(title)s.%(ext)s" will put the thumbnails in a folder with the same name as the video. If any of the templates is empty, that type of file will not be written. Eg: --write-thumbnail -o "thumbnail:" will write thumbnails only for playlists and not for video.

The available fields are:

• id (string): Video identifier
• title (string): Video title
• fulltitle (string): Video title ignoring live timestamp and generic title
• url (string): Video URL
• ext (string): Video filename extension
• alt_title (string): A secondary title of the video
• description (string): The description of the video
• display_id (string): An alternative identifier for the video
• uploader (string): Full name of the video uploader
• license (string): License name the video is licensed under
• creator (string): The creator of the video
• timestamp (numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available
• upload_date (string): Video upload date in UTC (YYYYMMDD)
• release_timestamp (numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was released
• release_date (string): The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released in UTC
• modified_timestamp (numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was last modified
• modified_date (string): The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was last modified in UTC
• uploader_id (string): Nickname or id of the video uploader
• channel (string): Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on
• channel_id (string): Id of the channel
• channel_follower_count (numeric): Number of followers of the channel
• location (string): Physical location where the video was filmed
• duration (numeric): Length of the video in seconds
• duration_string (string): Length of the video (HH:mm:ss)
• view_count (numeric): How many users have watched the video on the platform
• like_count (numeric): Number of positive ratings of the video
• dislike_count (numeric): Number of negative ratings of the video
• repost_count (numeric): Number of reposts of the video
• average_rating (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
• comment_count (numeric): Number of comments on the video (For some extractors, comments are only downloaded at the end, and so this field cannot be used)
• age_limit (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
• live_status (string): One of "is_live", "was_live", "is_upcoming", "not_live"
• is_live (boolean): Whether this video is a live stream or a fixed-length video
• was_live (boolean): Whether this video was originally a live stream
• playable_in_embed (string): Whether this video is allowed to play in embedded players on other sites
• availability (string): Whether the video is "private", "premium_only", "subscriber_only", "needs_auth", "unlisted" or "public"
• start_time (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as specified in the URL
• end_time (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as specified in the URL
• format (string): A human-readable description of the format
• format_id (string): Format code specified by --format
• format_note (string): Additional info about the format
• width (numeric): Width of the video
• height (numeric): Height of the video
• resolution (string): Textual description of width and height
• tbr (numeric): Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
• abr (numeric): Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
• acodec (string): Name of the audio codec in use
• asr (numeric): Audio sampling rate in Hertz
• vbr (numeric): Average video bitrate in KBit/s
• fps (numeric): Frame rate
• dynamic_range (string): The dynamic range of the video
• vcodec (string): Name of the video codec in use
• container (string): Name of the container format
• filesize (numeric): The number of bytes, if known in advance
• filesize_approx (numeric): An estimate for the number of bytes
• protocol (string): The protocol that will be used for the actual download
• extractor (string): Name of the extractor
• extractor_key (string): Key name of the extractor
• epoch (numeric): Unix epoch of when the information extraction was completed
• autonumber (numeric): Number that will be increased with each download, starting at --autonumber-start
• video_autonumber (numeric): Number that will be increased with each video
• n_entries (numeric): Total number of extracted items in the playlist
• playlist_id (string): Identifier of the playlist that contains the video
• playlist_title (string): Name of the playlist that contains the video
• playlist (string): playlist_id or playlist_title
• playlist_count (numeric): Total number of items in the playlist. May not be known if entire playlist is not extracted
• playlist_index (numeric): Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according the final index
• playlist_autonumber (numeric): Position of the video in the playlist download queue padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
• playlist_uploader (string): Full name of the playlist uploader
• playlist_uploader_id (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
• webpage_url (string): A URL to the video webpage which if given to yt-dlp should allow to get the same result again
• webpage_url_basename (string): The basename of the webpage URL
• webpage_url_domain (string): The domain of the webpage URL
• original_url (string): The URL given by the user (or same as webpage_url for playlist entries)

Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:

• chapter (string): Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to
• chapter_number (numeric): Number of the chapter the video belongs to
• chapter_id (string): Id of the chapter the video belongs to

Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:

• series (string): Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
• season (string): Title of the season the video episode belongs to
• season_number (numeric): Number of the season the video episode belongs to
• season_id (string): Id of the season the video episode belongs to
• episode (string): Title of the video episode
• episode_number (numeric): Number of the video episode within a season
• episode_id (string): Id of the video episode

Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album:

• track (string): Title of the track
• track_number (numeric): Number of the track within an album or a disc
• track_id (string): Id of the track
• artist (string): Artist(s) of the track
• genre (string): Genre(s) of the track
• album (string): Title of the album the track belongs to
• album_type (string): Type of the album
• album_artist (string): List of all artists appeared on the album
• disc_number (numeric): Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to
• release_year (numeric): Year (YYYY) when the album was released

Available for chapter: prefix when using --split-chapters for videos with internal chapters:

• section_title (string): Title of the chapter
• section_number (numeric): Number of the chapter within the file
• section_start (numeric): Start time of the chapter in seconds
• section_end (numeric): End time of the chapter in seconds

Available only when used in --print:

• urls (string): The URLs of all requested formats, one in each line
• filename (string): Name of the video file. Note that the actual filename may be different due to post-processing. Use --exec echo to get the name after all postprocessing is complete
• formats_table (table): The video format table as printed by --list-formats
• thumbnails_table (table): The thumbnail format table as printed by --list-thumbnails
• subtitles_table (table): The subtitle format table as printed by --list-subs
• automatic_captions_table (table): The automatic subtitle format table as printed by --list-subs

Available only in --sponsorblock-chapter-title:

• start_time (numeric): Start time of the chapter in seconds
• end_time (numeric): End time of the chapter in seconds
• categories (list): The SponsorBlock categories the chapter belongs to
• category (string): The smallest SponsorBlock category the chapter belongs to
• category_names (list): Friendly names of the categories
• name (string): Friendly name of the smallest category

Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. For example for -o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s and an mp4 video with title yt-dlp test video and id BaW_jenozKc, this will result in a yt-dlp test video-BaW_jenozKc.mp4 file created in the current directory.

Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with --output-na-placeholder (NA by default).

Tip: Look at the -j output to identify which fields are available for the particular URL

For numeric sequences you can use numeric related formatting, for example, %(view_count)05d will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in 00042.

Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. -o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s" which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.

To use percent literals in an output template use %%. To output to stdout use -o -.

The current default template is %(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s.

In some cases, you don't want special characters such as 中, spaces, or &, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the --restrict-filenames flag to get a shorter title.

Output template and Windows batch files

If you are using an output template inside a Windows batch file then you must escape plain percent characters (%) by doubling, so that -o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s" should become -o "%%(title)s-%%(id)s.%%(ext)s". However you should not touch %'s that are not plain characters, e.g. environment variables for expansion should stay intact: -o "C:\%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\%%(title)s.%%(ext)s".

Output template examples

$ yt-dlp --get-filename -o "test video.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc
test video.webm    # Literal name with correct extension

$ yt-dlp --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc
youtube-dl test video ''_ä↭𝕐.webm    # All kinds of weird characters

$ yt-dlp --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames
youtube-dl_test_video_.webm    # Restricted file name

# Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist
$ yt-dlp -o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"

# Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directories according to their uploaded year
$ yt-dlp -o "%(upload_date>%Y)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"

# Prefix playlist index with " - " separator, but only if it is available
$ yt-dlp -o '%(playlist_index|)s%(playlist_index& - |)s%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists"

# Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory:
$ yt-dlp -o "%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists"

# Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home
$ yt-dlp -u user -p password -P "~/MyVideos" -o "%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.udemy.com/java-tutorial"

# Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C:/MyVideos
$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" "https://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617"

# Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext", subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\subs\uploader\title.ext"
# and put all temporary files in "C:\MyVideos\tmp"
$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenoz --write-subs

# Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext" and subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\subs\title.ext"
$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "subtitle:%(uploader)s/subs/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs

# Stream the video being downloaded to stdout
$ yt-dlp -o - BaW_jenozKc

FORMAT SELECTION

By default, yt-dlp tries to download the best available quality if you don't pass any options. This is generally equivalent to using -f bestvideo*+bestaudio/best. However, if multiple audiostreams is enabled (--audio-multistreams), the default format changes to -f bestvideo+bestaudio/best. Similarly, if ffmpeg is unavailable, or if you use yt-dlp to stream to stdout (-o -), the default becomes -f best/bestvideo+bestaudio.

Deprecation warning: Latest versions of yt-dlp can stream multiple formats to the stdout simultaneously using ffmpeg. So, in future versions, the default for this will be set to -f bv*+ba/b similar to normal downloads. If you want to preserve the -f b/bv+ba setting, it is recommended to explicitly specify it in the configuration options.

The general syntax for format selection is -f FORMAT (or --format FORMAT) where FORMAT is a selector expression, i.e. an expression that describes format or formats you would like to download.

tl;dr: navigate me to examples.

The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with -f 22 you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using --list-formats or -F. Note that these format codes are extractor specific.

You can also use a file extension (currently 3gp, aac, flv, m4a, mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. -f webm will download the best quality format with the webm extension served as a single file.

You can use -f - to interactively provide the format selector for each video

You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:

• all: Select all formats separately
• mergeall: Select and merge all formats (Must be used with --audio-multistreams, --video-multistreams or both)
• b*, best*: Select the best quality format that contains either a video or an audio
• b, best: Select the best quality format that contains both video and audio. Equivalent to best*[vcodec!=none][acodec!=none]
• bv, bestvideo: Select the best quality video-only format. Equivalent to best*[acodec=none]
• bv*, bestvideo*: Select the best quality format that contains video. It may also contain audio. Equivalent to best*[vcodec!=none]
• ba, bestaudio: Select the best quality audio-only format. Equivalent to best*[vcodec=none]
• ba*, bestaudio*: Select the best quality format that contains audio. It may also contain video. Equivalent to best*[acodec!=none] (Do not use!)
• w*, worst*: Select the worst quality format that contains either a video or an audio
• w, worst: Select the worst quality format that contains both video and audio. Equivalent to worst*[vcodec!=none][acodec!=none]
• wv, worstvideo: Select the worst quality video-only format. Equivalent to worst*[acodec=none]
• wv*, worstvideo*: Select the worst quality format that contains video. It may also contain audio. Equivalent to worst*[vcodec!=none]
• wa, worstaudio: Select the worst quality audio-only format. Equivalent to worst*[vcodec=none]
• wa*, worstaudio*: Select the worst quality format that contains audio. It may also contain video. Equivalent to worst*[acodec!=none]

For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use -f worstvideo. It is however recommended not to use worst and related options. When your format selector is worst, the format which is worst in all respects is selected. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use -S +size or more rigorously, -S +size,+br,+res,+fps instead of -f worst. See sorting formats for more details.

You can select the n'th best format of a type by using best<type>.<n>. For example, best.2 will select the 2nd best combined format. Similarly, bv*.3 will select the 3rd best format that contains a video stream.

If you want to download multiple videos and they don't have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes. Note that formats on the left hand side are preferred, for example -f 22/17/18 will download format 22 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 17 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 18 if it's available, otherwise it will complain that no suitable formats are available for download.

If you want to download several formats of the same video use a comma as a separator, e.g. -f 22,17,18 will download all these three formats, of course if they are available. Or a more sophisticated example combined with the precedence feature: -f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio.

You can merge the video and audio of multiple formats into a single file using -f <format1>+<format2>+... (requires ffmpeg installed), for example -f bestvideo+bestaudio will download the best video-only format, the best audio-only format and mux them together with ffmpeg.

Deprecation warning: Since the below described behavior is complex and counter-intuitive, this will be removed and multistreams will be enabled by default in the future. A new operator will be instead added to limit formats to single audio/video

Unless --video-multistreams is used, all formats with a video stream except the first one are ignored. Similarly, unless --audio-multistreams is used, all formats with an audio stream except the first one are ignored. For example, -f bestvideo+best+bestaudio --video-multistreams --audio-multistreams will download and merge all 3 given formats. The resulting file will have 2 video streams and 2 audio streams. But -f bestvideo+best+bestaudio --no-video-multistreams will download and merge only bestvideo and bestaudio. best is ignored since another format containing a video stream (bestvideo) has already been selected. The order of the formats is therefore important. -f best+bestaudio --no-audio-multistreams will download and merge both formats while -f bestaudio+best --no-audio-multistreams will ignore best and download only bestaudio.

Filtering Formats

You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in -f "best[height=720]" (or -f "[filesize>10M]").

The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons <, <=, >, >=, = (equals), != (not equals):

• filesize: The number of bytes, if known in advance
• width: Width of the video, if known
• height: Height of the video, if known
• tbr: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
• abr: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
• vbr: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
• asr: Audio sampling rate in Hertz
• fps: Frame rate

Also filtering work for comparisons = (equals), ^= (starts with), $= (ends with), *= (contains), ~= (matches regex) and following string meta fields:

• ext: File extension
• acodec: Name of the audio codec in use
• vcodec: Name of the video codec in use
• container: Name of the container format
• protocol: The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (http, https, rtsp, rtmp, rtmpe, mms, f4m, ism, http_dash_segments, m3u8, or m3u8_native)
• format_id: A short description of the format
• language: Language code

Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation ! in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. !*= (does not contain). The comparand of a string comparison needs to be quoted with either double or single quotes if it contains spaces or special characters other than ._-.

Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.

Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so -f "[height<=?720][tbr>500]" selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can also use the filters with all to download all formats that satisfy the filter. For example, -f "all[vcodec=none]" selects all audio-only formats.

Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best pre-merged mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use -f "(mp4,webm)[height<480]".

Sorting Formats

You can change the criteria for being considered the best by using -S (--format-sort). The general format for this is --format-sort field1,field2....

The available fields are:

• hasvid: Gives priority to formats that has a video stream
• hasaud: Gives priority to formats that has a audio stream
• ie_pref: The format preference
• lang: The language preference
• quality: The quality of the format
• source: The preference of the source
• proto: Protocol used for download (https/ftps > http/ftp > m3u8_native/m3u8 > http_dash_segments> websocket_frag > mms/rtsp > f4f/f4m)
• vcodec: Video Codec (av01 > vp9.2 > vp9 > h265 > h264 > vp8 > h263 > theora > other)
• acodec: Audio Codec (flac/alac > wav/aiff > opus > vorbis > aac > mp4a > mp3 > eac3 > ac3 > dts > other)
• codec: Equivalent to vcodec,acodec
• vext: Video Extension (mp4 > webm > flv > other). If --prefer-free-formats is used, webm is preferred.
• aext: Audio Extension (m4a > aac > mp3 > ogg > opus > webm > other). If --prefer-free-formats is used, the order changes to opus > ogg > webm > m4a > mp3 > aac.
• ext: Equivalent to vext,aext
• filesize: Exact filesize, if known in advance
• fs_approx: Approximate filesize calculated from the manifests
• size: Exact filesize if available, otherwise approximate filesize
• height: Height of video
• width: Width of video
• res: Video resolution, calculated as the smallest dimension.
• fps: Framerate of video
• hdr: The dynamic range of the video (DV > HDR12 > HDR10+ > HDR10 > HLG > SDR)
• tbr: Total average bitrate in KBit/s
• vbr: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
• abr: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
• br: Equivalent to using tbr,vbr,abr
• asr: Audio sample rate in Hz

Deprecation warning: Many of these fields have (currently undocumented) aliases, that may be removed in a future version. It is recommended to use only the documented field names.

All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a +. Eg: +res prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a :. Eg: res:720 prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For codec and ext, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. Eg: +codec:avc:m4a (equivalent to +vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a) sets the video codec preference to h264 > h265 > vp9 > vp9.2 > av01 > vp8 > h263 > theora and audio codec preference to mp4a > aac > vorbis > opus > mp3 > ac3 > dts. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using ~ as the delimiter. Eg: filesize~1G prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.

The fields hasvid and ie_pref are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behaviour can be changed by using --format-sort-force. Apart from these, the default order used is: lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,codec:vp9.2,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.

Note that the default has codec:vp9.2; i.e. av1 is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is hdr:12; i.e. dolby vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.

If your format selector is worst, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use -f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps.

Tip: You can use the -v -F to see how the formats have been sorted (worst to best).

Format Selection examples

# Download and merge the best video-only format and the best audio-only format,
# or download the best combined format if video-only format is not available
$ yt-dlp -f "bv+ba/b"

# Download best format that contains video,
# and if it doesn't already have an audio stream, merge it with best audio-only format
$ yt-dlp -f "bv*+ba/b"

# Same as above
$ yt-dlp

# Download the best video-only format and the best audio-only format without merging them
# For this case, an output template should be used since
# by default, bestvideo and bestaudio will have the same file name.
$ yt-dlp -f "bv,ba" -o "%(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s"

# Download and merge the best format that has a video stream,
# and all audio-only formats into one file
$ yt-dlp -f "bv*+mergeall[vcodec=none]" --audio-multistreams

# Download and merge the best format that has a video stream,
# and the best 2 audio-only formats into one file
$ yt-dlp -f "bv*+ba+ba.2" --audio-multistreams


# The following examples show the old method (without -S) of format selection
# and how to use -S to achieve a similar but (generally) better result

# Download the worst video available (old method)
$ yt-dlp -f "wv*+wa/w"

# Download the best video available but with the smallest resolution
$ yt-dlp -S "+res"

# Download the smallest video available
$ yt-dlp -S "+size,+br"



# Download the best mp4 video available, or the best video if no mp4 available
$ yt-dlp -f "bv*[ext=mp4]+ba[ext=m4a]/b[ext=mp4] / bv*+ba/b"

# Download the best video with the best extension
# (For video, mp4 > webm > flv. For audio, m4a > aac > mp3 ...)
$ yt-dlp -S "ext"



# Download the best video available but no better than 480p,
# or the worst video if there is no video under 480p
$ yt-dlp -f "bv*[height<=480]+ba/b[height<=480] / wv*+ba/w"

# Download the best video available with the largest height but no better than 480p,
# or the best video with the smallest resolution if there is no video under 480p
$ yt-dlp -S "height:480"

# Download the best video available with the largest resolution but no better than 480p,
# or the best video with the smallest resolution if there is no video under 480p
# Resolution is determined by using the smallest dimension.
# So this works correctly for vertical videos as well
$ yt-dlp -S "res:480"



# Download the best video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
# or the worst video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
$ yt-dlp -f "b[filesize<50M] / w"

# Download largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
# or the smallest video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
$ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize:50M"

# Download best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
$ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize~50M"



# Download best video available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol,
# or the best video available via any protocol if there is no such video
$ yt-dlp -f "(bv*+ba/b)[protocol^=http][protocol!*=dash] / (bv*+ba/b)"

# Download best video available via the best protocol
# (https/ftps > http/ftp > m3u8_native > m3u8 > http_dash_segments ...)
$ yt-dlp -S "proto"



# Download the best video with either h264 or h265 codec,
# or the best video if there is no such video
$ yt-dlp -f "(bv*[vcodec~='^((he|a)vc|h26[45])']+ba) / (bv*+ba/b)"

# Download the best video with best codec no better than h264,
# or the best video with worst codec if there is no such video
$ yt-dlp -S "codec:h264"

# Download the best video with worst codec no worse than h264,
# or the best video with best codec if there is no such video
$ yt-dlp -S "+codec:h264"



# More complex examples

# Download the best video no better than 720p preferring framerate greater than 30,
# or the worst video (still preferring framerate greater than 30) if there is no such video
$ yt-dlp -f "((bv*[fps>30]/bv*)[height<=720]/(wv*[fps>30]/wv*)) + ba / (b[fps>30]/b)[height<=720]/(w[fps>30]/w)"

# Download the video with the largest resolution no better than 720p,
# or the video with the smallest resolution available if there is no such video,
# preferring larger framerate for formats with the same resolution
$ yt-dlp -S "res:720,fps"



# Download the video with smallest resolution no worse than 480p,
# or the video with the largest resolution available if there is no such video,
# preferring better codec and then larger total bitrate for the same resolution
$ yt-dlp -S "+res:480,codec,br"

MODIFYING METADATA

The metadata obtained by the extractors can be modified by using --parse-metadata and --replace-in-metadata

--replace-in-metadata FIELDS REGEX REPLACE is used to replace text in any metadata field using python regular expression. Backreferences can be used in the replace string for advanced use.

The general syntax of --parse-metadata FROM:TO is to give the name of a field or an output template to extract data from, and the format to interpret it as, separated by a colon :. Either a python regular expression with named capture groups or a similar syntax to the output template (only %(field)s formatting is supported) can be used for TO. The option can be used multiple times to parse and modify various fields.

Note that any field created by this can be used in the output template and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using --add-metadata.

This option also has a few special uses:

• You can download an additional URL based on the metadata of the currently downloaded video. To do this, set the field additional_urls to the URL that you want to download. Eg: --parse-metadata "description:(?P<additional_urls>https?://www\.vimeo\.com/\d+) will download the first vimeo video found in the description
• You can use this to change the metadata that is embedded in the media file. To do this, set the value of the corresponding field with a meta_ prefix. For example, any value you set to meta_description field will be added to the description field in the file. For example, you can use this to set a different "description" and "synopsis". To modify the metadata of individual streams, use the meta<n>_ prefix (Eg: meta1_language). Any value set to the meta_ field will overwrite all default values.

Note: Metadata modification happens before format selection, post-extraction and other post-processing operations. Some fields may be added or changed during these steps, overriding your changes.

For reference, these are the fields yt-dlp adds by default to the file metadata:

Metadata fields	From
title	track or title
date	upload_date
description, synopsis	description
purl, comment	webpage_url
track	track_number
artist	artist, creator, uploader or uploader_id
genre	genre
album	album
album_artist	album_artist
disc	disc_number
show	series
season_number	season_number
episode_id	episode or episode_id
episode_sort	episode_number
language of each stream	the format's language

Note: The file format may not support some of these fields

Modifying metadata examples

# Interpret the title as "Artist - Title"
$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "title:%(artist)s - %(title)s"

# Regex example
$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "description:Artist - (?P<artist>.+)"

# Set title as "Series name S01E05"
$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "%(series)s S%(season_number)02dE%(episode_number)02d:%(title)s"

# Prioritize uploader as the "artist" field in video metadata
$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "%(uploader|)s:%(meta_artist)s" --add-metadata

# Set "comment" field in video metadata using description instead of webpage_url,
# handling multiple lines correctly
$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "description:(?s)(?P<meta_comment>.+)" --add-metadata

# Remove "formats" field from the infojson by setting it to an empty string
$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata ":(?P<formats>)" -j

# Replace all spaces and "_" in title and uploader with a `-`
$ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"

EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS

Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using --extractor-args KEY:ARGS. ARGS is a ; (semicolon) separated string of ARG=VAL1,VAL2. Eg: --extractor-args "youtube:player-client=android_embedded,web;include_live_dash" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"

The following extractors use this feature:

youtube

• skip: One or more of hls, dash or translated_subs to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and auto-translated subtitles respectively
• player_client: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are web, android and ios with variants _music, _embedded, _embedscreen, _creator (Eg: web_embedded); and mweb and tv_embedded (agegate bypass) with no variants. By default, android,web is used, but tv_embedded and creator variants are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly the music variants are added for music.youtube.com urls. You can use all to use all the clients, and default for the default clients.
• player_skip: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of configs (skip client configs), webpage (skip initial webpage), js (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See #860 for more details
• include_live_dash: Include live dash formats even without --live-from-start (These formats don't download properly)
• comment_sort: top or new (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
• max_comments: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread. Default is all,all,all,all
  • E.g. all,all,1000,10 will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. 1000,all,100 will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total

youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)

• skip: One or more of webpage (skip initial webpage download), authcheck (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see #1122 for more details)
• approximate_date: Extract approximate upload_date in flat-playlist. This may cause date-based filters to be slightly off

funimation

• language: Languages to extract. Eg: funimation:language=english,japanese
• version: The video version to extract - uncut or simulcast

crunchyroll

• language: Languages to extract. Eg: crunchyroll:language=jaJp
• hardsub: Which hard-sub versions to extract. Eg: crunchyroll:hardsub=None,enUS

crunchyrollbeta

• format: Which stream type(s) to extract. Default is adaptive_hls Eg: crunchyrollbeta:format=vo_adaptive_hls
  • Potentially useful values include adaptive_hls, adaptive_dash, vo_adaptive_hls, vo_adaptive_dash, download_hls, trailer_hls, trailer_dash
• hardsub: Preference order for which hardsub versions to extract. Default is None (no hardsubs). Eg: crunchyrollbeta:hardsub=en-US,None

vikichannel

• video_types: Types of videos to download - one or more of episodes, movies, clips, trailers

niconico

• segment_duration: Segment duration in milliseconds for HLS-DMC formats. Use it at your own risk since this feature may result in your account termination.

youtubewebarchive

• check_all: Try to check more at the cost of more requests. One or more of thumbnails, captures

gamejolt

• comment_sort: hot (default), you (cookies needed), top, new - choose comment sorting mode (on GameJolt's side)

hotstar

• res: resolution to ignore - one or more of sd, hd, fhd
• vcodec: vcodec to ignore - one or more of h264, h265, dvh265
• dr: dynamic range to ignore - one or more of sdr, hdr10, dv

tiktok

• app_version: App version to call mobile APIs with - should be set along with manifest_app_version. (e.g. 20.2.1)
• manifest_app_version: Numeric app version to call mobile APIs with. (e.g. 221)

rokfinchannel

• tab: Which tab to download. One of new, top, videos, podcasts, streams, stacks. (E.g. rokfinchannel:tab=streams)

NOTE: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility

PLUGINS

Plugins are loaded from <root-dir>/ytdlp_plugins/<type>/__init__.py; where <root-dir> is the directory of the binary (<root-dir>/yt-dlp), or the root directory of the module if you are running directly from source-code (<root dir>/yt_dlp/__main__.py). Plugins are currently not supported for the pip version

Plugins can be of <type>s extractor or postprocessor. Extractor plugins do not need to be enabled from the CLI and are automatically invoked when the input URL is suitable for it. Postprocessor plugins can be invoked using --use-postprocessor NAME.

See ytdlp_plugins for example plugins.

Note that all plugins are imported even if not invoked, and that there are no checks performed on plugin code. Use plugins at your own risk and only if you trust the code

If you are a plugin author, add ytdlp-plugins as a topic to your repository for discoverability

EMBEDDING YT-DLP

yt-dlp makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language.

Your program should avoid parsing the normal stdout since they may change in future versions. Instead they should use options such as -J, --print, --progress-template, --exec etc to create console output that you can reliably reproduce and parse.

From a Python program, you can embed yt-dlp in a more powerful fashion, like this:

from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL

ydl_opts = {'format': 'bestaudio'}
with YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
    ydl.download(['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])

Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py.

Here's a more complete example demonstrating various functionality:

import json
import yt_dlp


class MyLogger:
    def debug(self, msg):
        # For compatibility with youtube-dl, both debug and info are passed into debug
        # You can distinguish them by the prefix '[debug] '
        if msg.startswith('[debug] '):
            pass
        else:
            self.info(msg)

    def info(self, msg):
        pass

    def warning(self, msg):
        pass

    def error(self, msg):
        print(msg)


# ℹ️ See the docstring of yt_dlp.postprocessor.common.PostProcessor
class MyCustomPP(yt_dlp.postprocessor.PostProcessor):
    # ℹ️ See docstring of yt_dlp.postprocessor.common.PostProcessor.run
    def run(self, info):
        self.to_screen('Doing stuff')
        return [], info


# ℹ️ See "progress_hooks" in the docstring of yt_dlp.YoutubeDL
def my_hook(d):
    if d['status'] == 'finished':
        print('Done downloading, now converting ...')


def format_selector(ctx):
    """ Select the best video and the best audio that won't result in an mkv.
    This is just an example and does not handle all cases """

    # formats are already sorted worst to best
    formats = ctx.get('formats')[::-1]

    # acodec='none' means there is no audio
    best_video = next(f for f in formats
                      if f['vcodec'] != 'none' and f['acodec'] == 'none')

    # find compatible audio extension
    audio_ext = {'mp4': 'm4a', 'webm': 'webm'}[best_video['ext']]
    # vcodec='none' means there is no video
    best_audio = next(f for f in formats if (
        f['acodec'] != 'none' and f['vcodec'] == 'none' and f['ext'] == audio_ext))

    yield {
        # These are the minimum required fields for a merged format
        'format_id': f'{best_video["format_id"]}+{best_audio["format_id"]}',
        'ext': best_video['ext'],
        'requested_formats': [best_video, best_audio],
        # Must be + separated list of protocols
        'protocol': f'{best_video["protocol"]}+{best_audio["protocol"]}'
    }


# ℹ️ See docstring of yt_dlp.YoutubeDL for a description of the options
ydl_opts = {
    'format': format_selector,
    'postprocessors': [{
        # Embed metadata in video using ffmpeg.
        # ℹ️ See yt_dlp.postprocessor.FFmpegMetadataPP for the arguments it accepts
        'key': 'FFmpegMetadata',
        'add_chapters': True,
        'add_metadata': True,
    }],
    'logger': MyLogger(),
    'progress_hooks': [my_hook],
    # Add custom headers
    'http_headers': {'Referer': 'https://www.google.com'}
}


# ℹ️ See the public functions in yt_dlp.YoutubeDL for for other available functions.
# Eg: "ydl.download", "ydl.download_with_info_file"
with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
    ydl.add_post_processor(MyCustomPP())
    info = ydl.extract_info('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc')

    # ℹ️ ydl.sanitize_info makes the info json-serializable
    print(json.dumps(ydl.sanitize_info(info)))

Tip: If you are porting your code from youtube-dl to yt-dlp, one important point to look out for is that we do not guarantee the return value of YoutubeDL.extract_info to be json serializable, or even be a dictionary. It will be dictionary-like, but if you want to ensure it is a serializable dictionary, pass it through YoutubeDL.sanitize_info as shown in the example above

DEPRECATED OPTIONS

These are all the deprecated options and the current alternative to achieve the same effect

Almost redundant options

While these options are almost the same as their new counterparts, there are some differences that prevents them being redundant

-j, --dump-json                  --print "%()j"
-F, --list-formats               --print formats_table
--list-thumbnails                --print thumbnails_table --print playlist:thumbnails_table
--list-subs                      --print automatic_captions_table --print subtitles_table

Redundant options

While these options are redundant, they are still expected to be used due to their ease of use

--get-description                --print description
--get-duration                   --print duration_string
--get-filename                   --print filename
--get-format                     --print format
--get-id                         --print id
--get-thumbnail                  --print thumbnail
-e, --get-title                  --print title
-g, --get-url                    --print urls
--match-title REGEX              --match-filter "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
--reject-title REGEX             --match-filter "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
--min-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count >=? COUNT"
--max-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count <=? COUNT"
--user-agent UA                  --add-header "User-Agent:UA"
--referer URL                    --add-header "Referer:URL"

Not recommended

While these options still work, their use is not recommended since there are other alternatives to achieve the same

--exec-before-download CMD       --exec "before_dl:CMD"
--no-exec-before-download        --no-exec
--all-formats                    -f all
--all-subs                       --sub-langs all --write-subs
--print-json                     -j --no-simulate
--autonumber-size NUMBER         Use string formatting. Eg: %(autonumber)03d
--autonumber-start NUMBER        Use internal field formatting like %(autonumber+NUMBER)s
--id                             -o "%(id)s.%(ext)s"
--metadata-from-title FORMAT     --parse-metadata "%(title)s:FORMAT"
--hls-prefer-native              --downloader "m3u8:native"
--hls-prefer-ffmpeg              --downloader "m3u8:ffmpeg"
--list-formats-old               --compat-options list-formats (Alias: --no-list-formats-as-table)
--list-formats-as-table          --compat-options -list-formats [Default] (Alias: --no-list-formats-old)
--youtube-skip-dash-manifest     --extractor-args "youtube:skip=dash" (Alias: --no-youtube-include-dash-manifest)
--youtube-skip-hls-manifest      --extractor-args "youtube:skip=hls" (Alias: --no-youtube-include-hls-manifest)
--youtube-include-dash-manifest  Default (Alias: --no-youtube-skip-dash-manifest)
--youtube-include-hls-manifest   Default (Alias: --no-youtube-skip-hls-manifest)

Developer options

These options are not intended to be used by the end-user

--test                           Download only part of video for testing extractors
--youtube-print-sig-code         For testing youtube signatures
--allow-unplayable-formats       List unplayable formats also
--no-allow-unplayable-formats    Default

Old aliases

These are aliases that are no longer documented for various reasons

--avconv-location                --ffmpeg-location
--clean-infojson                 --clean-info-json
--cn-verification-proxy URL      --geo-verification-proxy URL
--dump-headers                   --print-traffic
--dump-intermediate-pages        --dump-pages
--force-write-download-archive   --force-write-archive
--load-info                      --load-info-json
--no-clean-infojson              --no-clean-info-json
--no-split-tracks                --no-split-chapters
--no-write-srt                   --no-write-subs
--prefer-unsecure                --prefer-insecure
--rate-limit RATE                --limit-rate RATE
--split-tracks                   --split-chapters
--srt-lang LANGS                 --sub-langs LANGS
--trim-file-names LENGTH         --trim-filenames LENGTH
--write-srt                      --write-subs
--yes-overwrites                 --force-overwrites

Sponskrub Options

Support for SponSkrub has been deprecated in favor of the --sponsorblock options

--sponskrub                      --sponsorblock-mark all
--no-sponskrub                   --no-sponsorblock
--sponskrub-cut                  --sponsorblock-remove all
--no-sponskrub-cut               --sponsorblock-remove -all
--sponskrub-force                Not applicable
--no-sponskrub-force             Not applicable
--sponskrub-location             Not applicable
--sponskrub-args                 Not applicable

No longer supported

These options may no longer work as intended

--prefer-avconv                  avconv is not officially supported by yt-dlp (Alias: --no-prefer-ffmpeg)
--prefer-ffmpeg                  Default (Alias: --no-prefer-avconv)
-C, --call-home                  Not implemented
--no-call-home                   Default
--include-ads                    No longer supported
--no-include-ads                 Default
--write-annotations              No supported site has annotations now
--no-write-annotations           Default

Removed

These options were deprecated since 2014 and have now been entirely removed

-A, --auto-number                -o "%(autonumber)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"
-t, --title                      -o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"
-l, --literal                    -o accepts literal names

CONTRIBUTING

See CONTRIBUTING.md for instructions on Opening an Issue and Contributing code to the project

MORE

For FAQ see the youtube-dl README