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@ -19,22 +19,22 @@
> >
<!--l. 26--><p class="noindent" > <!--l. 26--><p class="noindent" >
<!--l. 28--><p class="noindent" ><span <!--l. 28--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="phvb7t-x-x-248">Coherent PDF</span> class="cmssbx-10x-x-248">Coherent PDF</span>
<!--l. 31--><p class="noindent" ><span <!--l. 31--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="phvb7t-x-x-248">Command Line Toolkit</span> class="cmssbx-10x-x-248">Command Line Toolkit</span>
<!--l. 35--><p class="noindent" ><span <!--l. 35--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="pplr7t-x-x-248">User Manual</span><br /> class="cmr-17x-x-143">User Manual</span><br />
Version 2.2 (March 2017) Version 2.2 (March 2017)
<!--l. 45--><p class="noindent" ><span <!--l. 45--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="phvb7t-x-x-172">Coherent Graphics Ltd</span> class="cmssbx-10x-x-172">Coherent Graphics Ltd</span>
</div> </div>
<!--l. 52--><p class="noindent" >For bug reports, feature requests and comments, email<br <!--l. 52--><p class="noindent" >For bug reports, feature requests and comments, email<br
class="newline" /><span class="newline" /><span
class="pcrr7t-">contact@coherentgraphics.co.uk</span> class="cmtt-10">contact@coherentgraphics.co.uk</span>
<!--l. 55--><p class="noindent" ><span <!--l. 55--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="cmsy-10">©</span>2017 Coherent Graphics Limited. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0957671140 class="tcrm-1000">©</span>2017 Coherent Graphics Limited. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0957671140
<!--l. 58--><p class="noindent" >Adobe, Acrobat, Adobe PDF, Adobe Reader and PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe <!--l. 58--><p class="noindent" >Adobe, Acrobat, Adobe PDF, Adobe Reader and PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe
Systems Incorporated. Windows, Powerpoint and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Systems Incorporated. Windows, Powerpoint and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. Corporation.
@ -47,6 +47,50 @@ Corporation.
<h2 class="likechapterHead"><a <h2 class="likechapterHead"><a
id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h2> <div class="tableofcontents"> id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h2> <div class="tableofcontents">
<span class="chapterToc" >1 <a
href="#x1-30001" id="QQ2-1-3">Basic Usage</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.1 <a
href="#x1-40001.1" id="QQ2-1-4">Input and Output Files</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.2 <a
href="#x1-50001.2" id="QQ2-1-5">Input Ranges</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.3 <a
href="#x1-60001.3" id="QQ2-1-6">Working with Encrypted Documents</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.4 <a
href="#x1-70001.4" id="QQ2-1-7">Standard Input and Standard Output</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.5 <a
href="#x1-80001.5" id="QQ2-1-8">Doing Several Things at Once with AND</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.6 <a
href="#x1-90001.6" id="QQ2-1-9">Units</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.7 <a
href="#x1-100001.7" id="QQ2-1-10">Setting the Producer and Creator</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.8 <a
href="#x1-110001.8" id="QQ2-1-11">PDF Version Numbers</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.9 <a
href="#x1-120001.9" id="QQ2-1-12">File IDs</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.10 <a
href="#x1-130001.10" id="QQ2-1-13">Linearization</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.11 <a
href="#x1-140001.11" id="QQ2-1-14">Object Streams</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.12 <a
href="#x1-150001.12" id="QQ2-1-15">Malformed Files</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.13 <a
href="#x1-160001.13" id="QQ2-1-16">Error Handling</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.14 <a
href="#x1-170001.14" id="QQ2-1-17">Control Files</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.15 <a
href="#x1-180001.15" id="QQ2-1-18">String Arguments</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.16 <a
href="#x1-190001.16" id="QQ2-1-19">Text Encodings</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >1.17 <a
href="#x1-200001.17" id="QQ2-1-20">Font Embedding</a></span>
<br /> <span class="chapterToc" >2 <a
href="#x1-210002" id="QQ2-1-21">Merging and Splitting</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >2.1 <a
href="#x1-220002.1" id="QQ2-1-22">Merging</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >2.2 <a
href="#x1-230002.2" id="QQ2-1-23">Splitting</a></span>
<br /> &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >2.3 <a
href="#x1-240002.3" id="QQ2-1-24">Splitting on Bookmarks</a></span>
</div> </div>
@ -60,26 +104,620 @@ Corporation.
<h2 class="likechapterHead"><a <h2 class="likechapterHead"><a
id="x1-2000"></a>Typographical Conventions</h2> Command lines to be typed are shown in <span id="x1-2000"></a>Typographical Conventions</h2> Command lines to be typed are shown in <span
class="pcrr7t-">typewriter font </span>in a class="cmtt-10">typewriterfont </span>in a box.
box. For example: For example:
<!--l. 71--><p class="noindent" ><img <!--l. 71--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual0x.png" alt="" class="fbox" > src="cpdfmanual0x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 77--><p class="noindent" >When describing the general form of a command, rather than a particular example, square brackets <!--l. 77--><p class="noindent" >When describing the general form of a command, rather than a particular example, square brackets <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="cmtt-10">[]</span></span></span>
class="pcrr7t-">[]</span></span></span> are used to enclose optional parts, and angled braces <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span are used to enclose optional parts, and angled braces <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="pcrr7t-">&#x003C;&#x003E;</span></span></span> to enclose general descriptions which class="cmtt-10">&#x003C;&#x003E;</span></span></span> to enclose general descriptions which may be
may be substituted for particular instances. For example, substituted for particular instances. For example,
<!--l. 82--><p class="noindent" ><img <!--l. 82--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual1x.png" alt="" class="fbox" > src="cpdfmanual1x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 85--><p class="noindent" >describes a command line which requires an operation and, optionally, a range. An exception is that <!--l. 85--><p class="noindent" >describes a command line which requires an operation and, optionally, a range. An exception is that
we use <span we use <span
class="pcrr7t-">in.pdf </span>and <span class="cmtt-10">in.pdf </span>and <span
class="pcrr7t-">out.pdf </span>instead of <span class="cmtt-10">out.pdf </span>instead of <span
class="pcrr7t-">&#x003C;input file&#x003E; </span>and <span class="cmtt-10">&#x003C;input file&#x003E; </span>and <span
class="pcrr7t-">&#x003C;output file&#x003E; </span>to reduce verbosity. class="cmtt-10">&#x003C;output file&#x003E; </span>to reduce verbosity. Under
Under Microsoft Windows, type <span Microsoft Windows, type <span
class="pcrr7t-">cpdf.exe </span>instead of <span class="cmtt-10">cpdf.exe </span>instead of <span
class="pcrr7t-">cpdf</span>. class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>.
<!--l. 92--><p class="indent" >
<!--l. 93--><p class="indent" >
<!--l. 97--><p class="indent" >
<h2 class="chapterHead"><span class="titlemark">Chapter&#x00A0;1</span><br /><a
id="x1-30001"></a>Basic Usage</h2>
<!--l. 102--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual2x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 111--><p class="indent" > The Coherent PDF tools provide a wide range of facilities for modifying PDF files
created by other means. There is a single command-line program <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>&#x00A0;(<span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf.exe </span>under
Microsoft Windows). The rest of this manual describes the options that may be given to this
program.
<a
id="dx1-3001"></a>
<a
id="dx1-3002"></a>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-40001.1"></a>Input and Output Files</h3>
<!--l. 120--><p class="noindent" >The typical pattern for usage is
<!--l. 122--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual3x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 126--><p class="noindent" >and the simplest concrete example, assuming the existence of a file <span
class="cmtt-10">in.pdf </span>is:
<!--l. 129--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual4x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 133--><p class="noindent" >which copies <span
class="cmtt-10">in.pdf </span>to <span
class="cmtt-10">out.pdf</span>. The input and output may be the same file. Of course, we should like
to do more interesting things to the PDF file than that!
<!--l. 138--><p class="indent" > Files on the command line are distinguished from other input by their containing a period. If an
input file does not contain a period, it should be preceded by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-i</span></span></span>. For example:
<!--l. 142--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual5x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 146--><p class="noindent" >A whole directory of files may be added (where a command supports multiple files) by using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-idir</span></span></span>
option:
<!--l. 148--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual6x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 152--><p class="noindent" >The files in the directory <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">myfiles</span></span></span> are considered in alphabetical order. They must all be PDF files. If
the names of the files are numeric, leading zeroes will be required for the order to be correct (e.g
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">001.pdf</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">002.pdf</span></span></span> etc).
<!--l. 154--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-50001.2"></a>Input Ranges</h3>
<!--l. 155--><p class="noindent" >An <a
id="dx1-5001"></a><a
id="dx1-5002"></a> <span
class="cmti-10">input range </span>may be specified after each input file. This is treated differently by each operation.
For instance
<!--l. 159--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual7x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 163--><p class="noindent" >extracts pages two, three, four and five from <span
class="cmtt-10">in.pdf</span>, writing the result to <span
class="cmtt-10">out.pdf</span>, assuming that
<span
class="cmtt-10">in.pdf </span>contains at least five pages. <a
id="dx1-5003"></a><a
id="dx1-5004"></a> Here are the rules for building input ranges:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">A dash (<span
class="cmtt-10">-</span>) defines ranges, e.g. <span
class="cmtt-10">1-5 </span>or <span
class="cmtt-10">6-3</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">A comma (<span
class="cmtt-10">,</span>) allows one to specify several ranges, e.g. <span
class="cmtt-10">1-2,4-5</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The word <span
class="cmtt-10">end </span>represents the last page number.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The words <span
class="cmtt-10">odd </span>and <span
class="cmtt-10">even </span>can be used in place of or at the end of a page range to restrict
to just the odd or even pages.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The words <span
class="cmtt-10">portrait </span>and <span
class="cmtt-10">landscape </span>can be used in place of or at the end of a page range
to restrict to just those pages which are portrait or landscape. Note that the meaning of
&#8220;portrait&#8221; and &#8220;landscape&#8221; does not take account of any viewing rotation in place (use
<span
class="cmtt-10">-upright </span>first, if required). A page with equal width and height is considered neither
portrait nor landscape.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The word <span
class="cmtt-10">reverse </span>is the same as <span
class="cmtt-10">end-1</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The word <span
class="cmtt-10">all </span>is the same as <span
class="cmtt-10">1-end</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">A range must contain no spaces.
</li>
<li class="itemize">A tilde (<span
class="cmtt-10">~</span>) defines a page number counting from the end of the document rather than the
beginning. Page <span
class="cmtt-10">~1 </span>is the last page, <span
class="cmtt-10">~2 </span>the penultimate page etc.</li></ul>
<!--l. 181--><p class="noindent" >For example:
<!--l. 183--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual8x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<a
id="dx1-5005"></a>
<!--l. 218--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-60001.3"></a>Working with Encrypted Documents</h3>
<a
id="dx1-6001"></a>
<a
id="dx1-6002"></a>
<a
id="dx1-6003"></a>
<!--l. 222--><p class="noindent" >In order to perform many operations, encrypted input PDF files must be decrypted. Some require the
owner password, some either the user or owner passwords. Either password is supplied
by writing <span
class="cmtt-10">user=&#x003C;password&#x003E; </span>or <span
class="cmtt-10">owner=&#x003C;password&#x003E; </span>following each input file requiring it
(before or after any range). The document will <span
class="cmti-10">not </span>be re-encrypted upon writing. For
example:
<!--l. 229--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual9x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 235--><p class="noindent" >To re-encrypt the file with its existing encryption upon writing, which is required if only the user
password was supplied, but allowed in any case, add the <span
class="cmtt-10">-recrypt </span>option:
<!--l. 237--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual10x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 242--><p class="noindent" >The password required (owner or user) depends upon the operation being performed. Separate
facilities are provided to decrypt and encrypt files (See Section <span
class="cmbx-10">??</span>).
<!--l. 246--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4 </span> <a
id="x1-70001.4"></a>Standard Input and Standard Output</h3>
<a
id="dx1-7001"></a>
<a
id="dx1-7002"></a>
<!--l. 248--><p class="noindent" >Thus far, we have assumed that the input PDF will be read from a file on disk, and the output written
similarly. Often it&#8217;s useful to be able to read input from <span
class="cmtt-10">stdin </span>(Standard Input) or write output to
<span
class="cmtt-10">stdout </span>(Standard Output) instead. The typical use is to join several programs together into a <span
class="cmti-10">pipe</span>,
passing data from one to the next without the use of intermediate files. Use <span
class="cmtt-10">-stdin </span>to read from
standard input, and <span
class="cmtt-10">-stdout </span>to write to standard input, either to pipe data between multiple
programs, or multiple invocations of the same program. For example, this sequence of commands (all
typed on one line)
<!--l. 257--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual11x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 265--><p class="noindent" >extracts the last five pages of <span
class="cmtt-10">in.pdf </span>in the correct order, writing them to <span
class="cmtt-10">out.pdf</span>. It does this by
reversing the input, taking the first five pages and then reversing the result.
<!--l. 269--><p class="indent" > To supply passwords for a file from <span
class="cmtt-10">-stdin</span>, use <span
class="cmtt-10">-stdin-owner &#x003C;password&#x003E; </span>and/or <span
class="cmtt-10">-stdin-user</span>
<span
class="cmtt-10">&#x003C;password&#x003E;</span>.
<!--l. 271--><p class="indent" > Using <span
class="cmtt-10">-stdout </span>on the final command in the pipeline to output the PDF to screen is not
recommended, since PDF files often contain compressed sections which are not screen-readable.
<!--l. 275--><p class="indent" > Several <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>&#x00A0;operations write to standard output by default (for example, listing fonts). A useful
feature of the command line (not specific to <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>) is the ability to redirect this output to a file. This is
achieved with the <span
class="cmtt-10">&#x003E; </span>operator:
<!--l. 280--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual12x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 289--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5 </span> <a
id="x1-80001.5"></a>Doing Several Things at Once with AND</h3>
<!--l. 291--><p class="noindent" >The keyword <span
class="cmtt-10">AND </span>can be used to string together several commands in one. The advantage compared
with using pipes is that the file need not be repeatedly parsed and written out, saving
time.
<!--l. 295--><p class="indent" > To use <span
class="cmtt-10">AND</span>, simply leave off the output specifier (e.g <span
class="cmtt-10">-o</span>) of one command, and the input specifier
(e.g filename) of the next. For instance:
<!--l. 298--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual13x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 307--><p class="noindent" >To specify the range for each section, use <span
class="cmtt-10">-range</span>:
<!--l. 309--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual14x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 317--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.6 </span> <a
id="x1-90001.6"></a>Units</h3>
<a
id="dx1-9001"></a>
<!--l. 319--><p class="noindent" >When measurements are given to <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>, they are in points (1 point = 1/72 inch). They
may optionally be followed by some letters to change the measurement. The following are
supported:
<div class="table">
<!--l. 323--><p class="indent" > <hr class="float"><div class="float"
>
<div class="pic-tabular">
<img
src="cpdfmanual15x.png" alt="pt Points (72 points per inch). The default.
cm Centimeters
mm Millimeters
in Inches
" ></div>
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
<!--l. 336--><p class="noindent" >For example, one may write <span
class="cmtt-10">14mm </span>or <span
class="cmtt-10">21.6in</span>. In addition, the following letters stand, in some
operations (<span
class="cmtt-10">-scale-page</span>, <span
class="cmtt-10">-scale-to-fit</span>, <span
class="cmtt-10">-scale-contents</span>, <span
class="cmtt-10">-shift</span>, <span
class="cmtt-10">-mediabox</span>,<br
class="newline" /><span
class="cmtt-10">-crop</span>) for various page dimensions:
<div class="table">
<!--l. 338--><p class="indent" > <hr class="float"><div class="float"
>
<div class="pic-tabular">
<img
src="cpdfmanual16x.png" alt=" PW Page width
PH Page height
PMINX Page minimum x coordinate
PMINY Page minimum y coordinate
PMAXX Page maximum x coordinate
PMAXY Page maximum y coordinate
CW Crop box width
CH Crop box height
CMINX Crop box minimum x coordinate
CMINY Crop box minimum y coordinate
CMAXX Crop box maximum x coordinate
CMAXY Crop box maximum y coordinate
" ></div>
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
<!--l. 356--><p class="noindent" >For example, we may write <span
class="cmtt-10">PMINX PMINY </span>to stand for the coordinate of the lower left corner of the
page.
<!--l. 358--><p class="indent" > Simple arithmetic may be performed using the words <span
class="cmtt-10">add</span>, <span
class="cmtt-10">sub</span>, <span
class="cmtt-10">mul </span>and <span
class="cmtt-10">div </span>to stand for addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. For example, one may write <span
class="cmtt-10">14insub30pt </span>or <span
class="cmtt-10">PMINXmul</span>
<span
class="cmtt-10">2</span>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.7 </span> <a
id="x1-100001.7"></a>Setting the Producer and Creator</h3>
<!--l. 362--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="cmtt-10">-producer </span>and <span
class="cmtt-10">-creator </span>options may be added to any <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf </span>command line to set the
producer and/or creator of the PDF file. If the file was converted from another format, the
<span
class="cmti-10">creator </span>is the program producing the original, the <span
class="cmti-10">producer </span>the program converting it to
PDF.
<!--l. 366--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual17x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 376--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.8 </span> <a
id="x1-110001.8"></a>PDF Version Numbers</h3>
<a
id="dx1-11001"></a>
<!--l. 378--><p class="noindent" >When an operation which uses a part of the PDF standard which was introduced in a later version
than that of the input file, the PDF version in the output file is set to the later version (most PDF
viewers will try to load any PDF file, even if it is marked with a later version number).
However, this automatic version changing may be suppressed with the <span
class="cmtt-10">-keep-version</span>
flag.
<!--l. 384--><p class="indent" > Here is a list of Acrobat versions together with the maximum PDF version they are intended to
support:
<div class="pic-tabular">
<img
src="cpdfmanual18x.png" alt="PDF 1.2 Acrobat 3.0
PDF 1.3 Acrobat 4.0
PDF 1.4 Acrobat 5.0
PDF 1.5 Acrobat 6.0
PDF 1.6 Acrobat 7.0
PDF 1.7 Acrobat 8.0, 9.0, 10.0 " ></div>
<!--l. 398--><p class="noindent" >If you wish to manually alter the PDF version of a file, use the <span
class="cmtt-10">-set-version </span>option described in
Section <span
class="cmbx-10">??</span>.
<!--l. 401--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.9 </span> <a
id="x1-120001.9"></a>File IDs</h3>
<!--l. 402--><p class="noindent" >PDF files contain an ID (consisting of two parts), used by some workflow systems to uniquely identify
a file. To change the ID, behavior, use the <span
class="cmtt-10">-change-id </span>operation. This will create a new ID for the
output file.
<!--l. 406--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual19x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 418--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.10 </span> <a
id="x1-130001.10"></a>Linearization</h3>
<a
id="dx1-13001"></a>
<!--l. 420--><p class="noindent" >Linearized PDF is a version of the PDF format in which the data is held in a special manner to allow
content to be fetched only when needed. This means viewing a multipage PDF over a slow connection
is more responsive. By default, <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>&#x00A0;does not linearize output files. To make it do so, add
the <span
class="cmtt-10">-l </span>option to the command line, in addition to any other command being used. For
example:
<!--l. 426--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual20x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 437--><p class="noindent" >This requires the existence of the external program <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdflin </span>which is provided with commercial
versions of <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>. This must be installed as described in the installation documentation provided with
your copy of <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>. If you are unable to install <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdflin</span>, you must use <span
class="cmtt-10">-cpdflin </span>to let <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf </span>know
where to find it:
<!--l. 439--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual21x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 448--><p class="indent" > In extremis, you may place <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdflin </span>and its resources in the current working directory, though this
is not recommended. For further help, refer to the installation instructions for your copy of
<span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>.
<!--l. 450--><p class="indent" > To keep the existing linearization status of a file (produce linearized output if the input is
linearized and the reverse), use <span
class="cmtt-10">-keep-l </span>instead of <span
class="cmtt-10">-l</span>.
<!--l. 452--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.11 </span> <a
id="x1-140001.11"></a>Object Streams</h3>
<!--l. 453--><p class="noindent" >PDF 1.5 introduced a new mechanism for storing objects to save space: object streams. by default,
<span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf </span>will preserve object streams in input files, creating no more. To prevent the retention of existing
object streams, use <span
class="cmtt-10">-no-preserve-objstm</span>:
<!--l. 455--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual22x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 466--><p class="noindent" >To create new object streams if none exist, or augment the existing ones, use <span
class="cmtt-10">-create-objstm</span>:
<!--l. 468--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual23x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 476--><p class="noindent" >To create wholly new object streams, use both options together:
<!--l. 478--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual24x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 488--><p class="noindent" >Files written with object streams will be set to PDF 1.5 or higher, unless <span
class="cmtt-10">-keep-version </span>is used (see
above).
<!--l. 493--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.12 </span> <a
id="x1-150001.12"></a>Malformed Files</h3>
<!--l. 495--><p class="noindent" >There are many malformed PDF files in existence, including many produced by otherwise-reputable
applications. <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>&#x00A0;attempts to correct these problems silently.
<!--l. 499--><p class="indent" > Grossly malformed files will be reconstructed. The reconstruction progress is shown on <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">stderr</span></span></span>
(Standard Error):
<!--l. 502--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual25x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 510--><p class="noindent" >Sometimes files can be technically well-formed but use inefficient PDF constructs. If you are sure the
input files you are using are impeccably formed, the <span
class="cmtt-10">-fast </span>option added to the command line (or, if
using <span
class="cmtt-10">AND</span>, to each section of the command line). This will use certain shortcuts which speed up
processing, but would fail on badly-produced files.
<!--l. 516--><p class="indent" > The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-fast</span></span></span> option may be used with:
<!--l. 518--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual26x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 530--><p class="noindent" >If problems occur, refrain from using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-fast</span></span></span>.
<!--l. 532--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.13 </span> <a
id="x1-160001.13"></a>Error Handling</h3>
<a
id="dx1-16001"></a>
<!--l. 534--><p class="noindent" >When <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>&#x00A0;encounters an error, it exits with code 2. An error message is displayed on <span
class="cmtt-10">stderr</span>
(Standard Error). In normal usage, this means it&#8217;s displayed on the screen. When a bad or
inappropriate password is given, the exit code is 1.
<!--l. 539--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.14 </span> <a
id="x1-170001.14"></a>Control Files</h3>
<a
id="dx1-17001"></a>
<!--l. 542--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual27x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 551--><p class="indent" > Some operating systems have a limit on the length of a command line. To circumvent this, or
simply for reasons of flexibility, a control file may be specified from which arguments are drawn. This
file does not support the full syntax of the command line. Commands are separated by whitespace,
quotation marks may be used if an argument contains a space, and the sequence <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\"</span></span></span> may be used to
introduce a genuine quotation mark in such an argument.
<!--l. 558--><p class="indent" > Several <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-control</span></span></span> arguments may be specified, and may be mixed in with conventional
command-line arguments. The commands in each control file are considered in the order in which they
are given, after all conventional arguments have been processed. It is recommended to use <span
class="cmtt-10">-args </span>in all
new applications. However, <span
class="cmtt-10">-control </span>will be supported for legacy applications.
<!--l. 563--><p class="indent" > To avoid interference between <span
class="cmtt-10">-control </span>and <span
class="cmtt-10">AND</span>, a new mechanism has been added. Using <span
class="cmtt-10">-args</span>
in place of <span
class="cmtt-10">-control </span>will perform direct textual substitution of the file into the command line, prior to
any other processing.
<!--l. 566--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.15 </span> <a
id="x1-180001.15"></a>String Arguments</h3>
<!--l. 567--><p class="noindent" >Command lines are handled differently on each operating system. Some characters are reserved with
special meanings, even when they occur inside quoted string arguments. To avoid this problem,
<span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>&#x00A0;performs processing on string arguments as they are read.
<!--l. 572--><p class="indent" > A backslash is used to indicate that a character which would otherwise be treated specially by the
command line interpreter is to be treated literally. For example, Unix-like systems attribute a special
meaning to the exclamation mark, so the command line
<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual28x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 582--><p class="noindent" >would fail. We must escape the exclamation mark with a backslash:
<!--l. 584--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual29x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 588--><p class="noindent" >It follows that backslashes intended to be taken literally must themselves be escaped (i.e. written
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\\</span></span></span>).
<!--l. 592--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.16 </span> <a
id="x1-190001.16"></a>Text Encodings</h3>
<a
id="dx1-19001"></a>
<!--l. 595--><p class="noindent" >Some <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf </span>commands write text to standard output, or read text from the command line or
configuration files. These are:
<!--l. 598--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual30x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 605--><p class="noindent" >There are three options to control how the text is interpreted:
<!--l. 607--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual31x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 613--><p class="noindent" >Add <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-utf8</span></span></span> to use Unicode UTF8, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-stripped</span></span></span> to convert to 7 bit ASCII by dropping any high
characters, or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-raw</span></span></span> to perform no processing. The default is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">-stripped</span></span></span>.
<!--l. 618--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.17 </span> <a
id="x1-200001.17"></a>Font Embedding</h3>
<!--l. 619--><p class="noindent" >Use the <span
class="cmtt-10">-no-embed-font </span>to avoid embedding the Standard 14 Font metrics when adding text with
<span
class="cmtt-10">-add-text</span>.
<h2 class="chapterHead"><span class="titlemark">Chapter&#x00A0;2</span><br /><a
id="x1-210002"></a>Merging and Splitting</h2> <img
src="cpdfmanual32x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-220002.1"></a>Merging</h3>
<a
id="dx1-22001"></a>
<!--l. 639--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="cmtt-10">-merge </span>operation allow the merging of several files into one. Ranges can be used to select only a
subset of pages from each input file in the output. The output file consists of the concatenation of all
the input pages in the order specified on the command line. Actually, the <span
class="cmtt-10">-merge </span>can be omitted, since
this is the default operation of <span
class="cmtt-10">cpdf</span>.
<!--l. 645--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual33x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 658--><p class="noindent" >Merge maintains bookmarks, named destinations, and name dictionaries.
<!--l. 660--><p class="indent" > Forms and other objects which cannot be merged are retained if they are from the document which
first exhibits that feature.
<!--l. 663--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="cmtt-10">-retain-numbering </span>option keeps the PDF page numbering labels of each document intact,
rather than renumbering the output pages from 1.
<!--l. 666--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="cmtt-10">-remove-duplicate-fonts </span>ensures that fonts used in more than one of the inputs only
appear once in the output.
<!--l. 669--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2 </span> <a
id="x1-230002.2"></a>Splitting</h3>
<a
id="dx1-23001"></a>
<!--l. 671--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="cmtt-10">-split </span>operation splits a PDF file into a number of parts which are written to file, their names
being generated from a <span
class="cmti-10">format</span>. The optional <span
class="cmtt-10">-chunk </span>option allows the number of pages written to
each output file to be set.
<!--l. 676--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual34x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 693--><p class="noindent" >If the output format does not provide enough numbers for the files generated, the result is unspecified.
The following format operators may be used:
<div class="table">
<!--l. 696--><p class="indent" > <hr class="float"><div class="float"
>
<div class="pic-tabular">
<img
src="cpdfmanual35x.png" alt="%, %%, %%% etc. Sequence number padded to the number of percent signs
@F Original filename without extension
@N Sequence number without padding zeroes
@S Start page of this chunk
@E End page of this chunk
@B Bookmark name at this page
" ></div>
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3 </span> <a
id="x1-240002.3"></a>Splitting on Bookmarks</h3>
<a
id="dx1-24001"></a>
<!--l. 710--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="cmtt-10">-split-bookmarks &#x003C;level&#x003E; </span>operation splits a PDF file into a number of parts, according to the
page ranges implied by the document&#8217;s bookmarks. These parts are then written to file with names
generated from the given format.
<!--l. 714--><p class="indent" > Level 0 denotes the top-level bookmarks, level 1 the next level (sub-bookmarks) and so on. So
<span
class="cmtt-10">-split-bookmarks 1 </span>creates breaks on level 0 and level 1 boundaries.
<!--l. 718--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual36x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 727--><p class="noindent" >Now, there may be many bookmarks on a single page (for instance, if paragraphs are bookmarked or
there are two subsections on one page). The splits calculated by <span
class="cmtt-10">-split-bookmarks </span>ensure that each
page appears in only one of the output files. It is possible to use the <span
class="cmtt-10">@ </span>operators above, including
operator <span
class="cmtt-10">@B </span>which expands to the text of the bookmark:
<!--l. 733--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual37x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
<!--l. 743--><p class="noindent" >The bookmark text used for a name is converted from unicode to 7 bit ASCII, and the
following characters are removed, in addition to any character with ASCII code less than
32:
<!--l. 745--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="cpdfmanual38x.png" alt="" class="fbox" >
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