cef/patch/patches/crashpad_1995.patch

604 lines
23 KiB
Diff

diff --git chrome/chrome_elf/BUILD.gn chrome/chrome_elf/BUILD.gn
index 9b08e23e921b..49182504ae36 100644
--- chrome/chrome_elf/BUILD.gn
+++ chrome/chrome_elf/BUILD.gn
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
import("//build/config/compiler/compiler.gni")
import("//build/config/win/manifest.gni")
+import("//cef/libcef/features/features.gni")
import("//chrome/process_version_rc_template.gni")
import("//testing/test.gni")
@@ -104,9 +105,6 @@ source_set("constants") {
static_library("crash") {
sources = [
- "../app/chrome_crash_reporter_client_win.cc",
- "../app/chrome_crash_reporter_client_win.h",
- "../common/chrome_result_codes.h",
"crash/crash_helper.cc",
"crash/crash_helper.h",
]
@@ -114,6 +112,7 @@ static_library("crash") {
":hook_util",
"//base", # This needs to go. DEP of app, crash_keys, client.
"//base:base_static", # pe_image
+ "//cef/libcef/features",
"//chrome/install_static:install_static_util",
"//components/crash/core/app",
"//components/crash/core/common", # crash_keys
@@ -121,6 +120,17 @@ static_library("crash") {
"//content/public/common:result_codes",
"//third_party/crashpad/crashpad/client", # DumpWithoutCrash
]
+
+ if (enable_cef) {
+ deps += [ "//cef:chrome_elf_set" ]
+ include_dirs = [ "//cef" ]
+ } else {
+ sources += [
+ "//chrome/app/chrome_crash_reporter_client_win.cc",
+ "//chrome/app/chrome_crash_reporter_client_win.h",
+ "//chrome/common/chrome_result_codes.h",
+ ]
+ }
}
source_set("dll_hash") {
diff --git chrome/chrome_elf/crash/crash_helper.cc chrome/chrome_elf/crash/crash_helper.cc
index 42a4bfcdb856..9f674625a155 100644
--- chrome/chrome_elf/crash/crash_helper.cc
+++ chrome/chrome_elf/crash/crash_helper.cc
@@ -11,12 +11,17 @@
#include <string>
#include <vector>
+#include "cef/libcef/features/features.h"
#include "chrome/app/chrome_crash_reporter_client_win.h"
#include "chrome/chrome_elf/hook_util/hook_util.h"
#include "components/crash/core/app/crashpad.h"
#include "components/crash/core/common/crash_keys.h"
#include "third_party/crashpad/crashpad/client/crashpad_client.h"
+#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CEF)
+#include "cef/libcef/common/crash_reporter_client.h"
+#endif
+
namespace {
// Crash handling from elf is only enabled for the chrome.exe process.
@@ -77,7 +82,11 @@ bool InitializeCrashReporting() {
g_crash_reports = new std::vector<crash_reporter::Report>;
g_set_unhandled_exception_filter = new elf_hook::IATHook();
+#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CEF)
+ CefCrashReporterClient::InitializeCrashReportingForProcess();
+#else
ChromeCrashReporterClient::InitializeCrashReportingForProcess();
+#endif
g_crash_helper_enabled = true;
return true;
diff --git chrome/common/crash_keys.cc chrome/common/crash_keys.cc
index f9a6c6b6ae2d..3701b4423899 100644
--- chrome/common/crash_keys.cc
+++ chrome/common/crash_keys.cc
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
#include "chrome/common/crash_keys.h"
+#include <iterator>
+
#include "base/base_switches.h"
#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@
namespace crash_keys {
// Return true if we DON'T want to upload this flag to the crash server.
-static bool IsBoringSwitch(const std::string& flag) {
+bool IsBoringChromeSwitch(const std::string& flag) {
static const char* const kIgnoreSwitches[] = {
switches::kEnableLogging,
switches::kFlagSwitchesBegin,
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ static bool IsBoringSwitch(const std::string& flag) {
}
void SetCrashKeysFromCommandLine(const base::CommandLine& command_line) {
- return SetSwitchesFromCommandLine(command_line, &IsBoringSwitch);
+ return SetSwitchesFromCommandLine(command_line, &IsBoringChromeSwitch);
}
void SetActiveExtensions(const std::set<std::string>& extensions) {
diff --git chrome/common/crash_keys.h chrome/common/crash_keys.h
index bcf172e645a2..f879aa745adf 100644
--- chrome/common/crash_keys.h
+++ chrome/common/crash_keys.h
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ class CommandLine;
namespace crash_keys {
+// Returns true if the specified command-line flag should be excluded from
+// crash reporting.
+bool IsBoringChromeSwitch(const std::string& flag);
+
// Sets the kNumSwitches key and the set of keys named using kSwitchFormat based
// on the given |command_line|.
void SetCrashKeysFromCommandLine(const base::CommandLine& command_line);
diff --git components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.cc components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.cc
index 192b0a7f137f..d53b90173ae2 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.cc
+++ components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.cc
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
#include "base/base_switches.h"
#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/debug/dump_without_crashing.h"
+#include "base/debug/leak_annotations.h"
#include "base/files/file_path.h"
#include "base/lazy_instance.h"
#include "base/linux_util.h"
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ namespace {
uint64_t g_crash_loop_before_time = 0;
#else
const char kUploadURL[] = "https://clients2.google.com/cr/report";
+const char* g_crash_server_url = kUploadURL;
#endif
bool g_is_crash_reporter_enabled = false;
@@ -717,7 +719,7 @@ bool CrashDone(const MinidumpDescriptor& minidump,
info.process_type_length = 7;
info.distro = base::g_linux_distro;
info.distro_length = my_strlen(base::g_linux_distro);
- info.upload = upload;
+ info.upload = upload && g_crash_server_url;
info.process_start_time = g_process_start_time;
info.oom_size = base::g_oom_size;
info.pid = g_pid;
@@ -1404,7 +1406,7 @@ void ExecUploadProcessOrTerminate(const BreakpadInfo& info,
header_content_encoding,
header_content_type,
post_file,
- kUploadURL,
+ g_crash_server_url,
"--timeout=10", // Set a timeout so we don't hang forever.
"--tries=1", // Don't retry if the upload fails.
"-O", // Output reply to the file descriptor path.
@@ -1744,10 +1746,19 @@ void HandleCrashDump(const BreakpadInfo& info) {
GetCrashReporterClient()->GetProductNameAndVersion(&product_name, &version);
writer.AddBoundary();
- writer.AddPairString("prod", product_name);
+ writer.AddPairString("product", product_name);
+ writer.AddBoundary();
+ writer.AddPairString("version", version);
writer.AddBoundary();
- writer.AddPairString("ver", version);
+
+#if defined(ARCH_CPU_32_BITS)
+ const char* platform = "linux32";
+#elif defined(ARCH_CPU_64_BITS)
+ const char* platform = "linux64";
+#endif
+ writer.AddPairString("platform", platform);
writer.AddBoundary();
+
if (info.pid > 0) {
char pid_value_buf[kUint64StringSize];
uint64_t pid_value_len = my_uint64_len(info.pid);
@@ -1864,6 +1875,9 @@ void HandleCrashDump(const BreakpadInfo& info) {
crash_reporter::internal::TransitionalCrashKeyStorage;
CrashKeyStorage::Iterator crash_key_iterator(*info.crash_keys);
const CrashKeyStorage::Entry* entry;
+
+ crash_reporter::CrashReporterClient::ParameterMap parameters;
+
while ((entry = crash_key_iterator.Next())) {
if (g_use_crash_key_white_list && !IsInWhiteList(entry->key))
continue;
@@ -1876,7 +1890,13 @@ void HandleCrashDump(const BreakpadInfo& info) {
? CrashKeyStorage::value_size - 1
: my_strlen(entry->value);
- writer.AddPairData(entry->key, key_size, entry->value, value_size);
+ parameters.insert(std::make_pair(std::string{entry->key, key_size}, std::string{entry->value, value_size}));
+ }
+ if (!parameters.empty())
+ parameters = GetCrashReporterClient()->FilterParameters(parameters);
+
+ for (const auto& param : parameters) {
+ writer.AddPairData(param.first.data(), param.first.size(), param.second.data(), param.second.size());
writer.AddBoundary();
writer.Flush();
}
@@ -2088,6 +2108,17 @@ void SetChannelCrashKey(const std::string& channel) {
channel_key.Set(channel);
}
+void SetCrashServerURL(const std::string& url) {
+ if (url.empty()) {
+ g_crash_server_url = nullptr;
+ } else {
+ char* new_url = new char[url.size() + 1];
+ ANNOTATE_LEAKING_OBJECT_PTR(new_url);
+ strcpy(new_url, url.c_str());
+ g_crash_server_url = new_url;
+ }
+}
+
#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
void InitNonBrowserCrashReporterForAndroid(const std::string& process_type) {
SanitizationInfo sanitization_info;
diff --git components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.h components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.h
index 9ea80370a842..3043f7d32f33 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.h
+++ components/crash/core/app/breakpad_linux.h
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ extern void InitCrashReporter(const std::string& process_type);
// Sets the product/distribution channel crash key.
void SetChannelCrashKey(const std::string& channel);
+// Set the crash server URL.
+void SetCrashServerURL(const std::string& url);
+
#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
extern void InitCrashKeysForTesting();
diff --git components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.cc components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.cc
index e778f68af30f..d2a2a6bf1f67 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.cc
+++ components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.cc
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ int CrashReporterClient::GetResultCodeRespawnFailed() {
}
#endif
-#if defined(OS_POSIX) && !defined(OS_MACOSX) && !defined(OS_IOS)
+#if defined(OS_POSIX) && !defined(OS_IOS)
void CrashReporterClient::GetProductNameAndVersion(const char** product_name,
const char** version) {
}
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ void CrashReporterClient::GetProductNameAndVersion(std::string* product_name,
std::string* version,
std::string* channel) {}
+#if !defined(OS_MACOSX)
base::FilePath CrashReporterClient::GetReporterLogFilename() {
return base::FilePath();
}
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ bool CrashReporterClient::HandleCrashDump(const char* crashdump_filename,
return false;
}
#endif
+#endif
#if defined(OS_WIN)
bool CrashReporterClient::GetCrashDumpLocation(base::string16* crash_dir) {
@@ -148,6 +150,32 @@ bool CrashReporterClient::ReportingIsEnforcedByPolicy(bool* breakpad_enabled) {
return false;
}
+bool CrashReporterClient::EnableBreakpadForProcess(
+ const std::string& process_type) {
+ return false;
+}
+
+std::string CrashReporterClient::GetCrashServerURL() {
+ return std::string();
+}
+
+void CrashReporterClient::GetCrashOptionalArguments(
+ std::vector<std::string>* arguments) {
+}
+
+#if defined(OS_WIN)
+base::string16 CrashReporterClient::GetCrashExternalHandler(
+ const base::string16& exe_dir) {
+ return exe_dir + L"\\crashpad_handler.exe";
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(OS_MACOSX)
+bool CrashReporterClient::EnableBrowserCrashForwarding() {
+ return true;
+}
+#endif
+
#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
unsigned int CrashReporterClient::GetCrashDumpPercentage() {
return 100;
@@ -200,9 +228,11 @@ bool CrashReporterClient::ShouldMonitorCrashHandlerExpensively() {
return false;
}
-bool CrashReporterClient::EnableBreakpadForProcess(
- const std::string& process_type) {
- return false;
+#if defined(OS_POSIX) && !defined(OS_MACOSX)
+CrashReporterClient::ParameterMap
+CrashReporterClient::FilterParameters(const ParameterMap& parameters) {
+ return parameters;
}
+#endif
} // namespace crash_reporter
diff --git components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.h components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.h
index 9cc78fc25840..f54cdbdf2fc4 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.h
+++ components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.h
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
#ifndef COMPONENTS_CRASH_CORE_APP_CRASH_REPORTER_CLIENT_H_
#define COMPONENTS_CRASH_CORE_APP_CRASH_REPORTER_CLIENT_H_
+#include <map>
#include <string>
+#include <vector>
#include "base/strings/string16.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ class CrashReporterClient {
virtual int GetResultCodeRespawnFailed();
#endif
-#if defined(OS_POSIX) && !defined(OS_MACOSX) && !defined(OS_IOS)
+#if defined(OS_POSIX) && !defined(OS_IOS)
// Returns a textual description of the product type and version to include
// in the crash report. Neither out parameter should be set to NULL.
// TODO(jperaza): Remove the 2-parameter overload of this method once all
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ class CrashReporterClient {
std::string* version,
std::string* channel);
+#if !defined(OS_MACOSX)
virtual base::FilePath GetReporterLogFilename();
// Custom crash minidump handler after the minidump is generated.
@@ -111,6 +114,7 @@ class CrashReporterClient {
// libc nor allocate memory normally.
virtual bool HandleCrashDump(const char* crashdump_filename,
uint64_t crash_pid);
+#endif
#endif
// The location where minidump files should be written. Returns true if
@@ -210,6 +214,30 @@ class CrashReporterClient {
// Returns true if breakpad should run in the given process type.
virtual bool EnableBreakpadForProcess(const std::string& process_type);
+
+ // Returns the URL for submitting crash reports.
+ virtual std::string GetCrashServerURL();
+
+ // Populate |arguments| with additional optional arguments.
+ virtual void GetCrashOptionalArguments(std::vector<std::string>* arguments);
+
+#if defined(OS_WIN)
+ // Returns the absolute path to the external crash handler exe.
+ virtual base::string16 GetCrashExternalHandler(const base::string16& exe_dir);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(OS_MACOSX)
+ // Returns true if forwarding of crashes to the system crash reporter is
+ // enabled for the browser process.
+ virtual bool EnableBrowserCrashForwarding();
+#endif
+
+#if defined(OS_POSIX) && !defined(OS_MACOSX)
+ // Provides an oportunity to modify the parameters that will be sent with a
+ // crash upload.
+ using ParameterMap = std::map<std::string, std::string>;
+ virtual ParameterMap FilterParameters(const ParameterMap& parameters);
+#endif
};
} // namespace crash_reporter
diff --git components/crash/core/app/crashpad.cc components/crash/core/app/crashpad.cc
index 290b4692c16f..ef91dbdc369d 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/crashpad.cc
+++ components/crash/core/app/crashpad.cc
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ void InitializeCrashpadImpl(bool initial_client,
// fallback. Forwarding is turned off for debug-mode builds even for the
// browser process, because the system's crash reporter can take a very long
// time to chew on symbols.
- if (!browser_process || is_debug_build) {
+ if (!browser_process || is_debug_build ||
+ !GetCrashReporterClient()->EnableBrowserCrashForwarding()) {
crashpad::CrashpadInfo::GetCrashpadInfo()
->set_system_crash_reporter_forwarding(crashpad::TriState::kDisabled);
}
diff --git components/crash/core/app/crashpad_mac.mm components/crash/core/app/crashpad_mac.mm
index b579521d5586..644756cf710c 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/crashpad_mac.mm
+++ components/crash/core/app/crashpad_mac.mm
@@ -16,12 +16,15 @@
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/mac/bundle_locations.h"
#include "base/mac/foundation_util.h"
+#include "base/path_service.h"
#include "base/strings/string_number_conversions.h"
#include "base/strings/string_piece.h"
#include "base/strings/stringprintf.h"
#include "base/strings/sys_string_conversions.h"
#include "build/branding_buildflags.h"
#include "components/crash/core/app/crash_reporter_client.h"
+#include "components/crash/core/app/crash_switches.h"
+#include "content/public/common/content_paths.h"
#include "third_party/crashpad/crashpad/client/crash_report_database.h"
#include "third_party/crashpad/crashpad/client/crashpad_client.h"
#include "third_party/crashpad/crashpad/client/crashpad_info.h"
@@ -37,12 +40,25 @@ namespace {
std::map<std::string, std::string> GetProcessSimpleAnnotations() {
static std::map<std::string, std::string> annotations = []() -> auto {
std::map<std::string, std::string> process_annotations;
+
@autoreleasepool {
NSBundle* outer_bundle = base::mac::OuterBundle();
- NSString* product = base::mac::ObjCCast<NSString>([outer_bundle
- objectForInfoDictionaryKey:base::mac::CFToNSCast(kCFBundleNameKey)]);
- process_annotations["prod"] =
- base::SysNSStringToUTF8(product).append("_Mac");
+
+ CrashReporterClient* crash_reporter_client = GetCrashReporterClient();
+ const char* product_name = "";
+ const char* product_version = "";
+ crash_reporter_client->GetProductNameAndVersion(&product_name,
+ &product_version);
+
+ if (strlen(product_name) == 0) {
+ NSString* product = base::mac::ObjCCast<NSString>([outer_bundle
+ objectForInfoDictionaryKey:base::mac::CFToNSCast(
+ kCFBundleNameKey)]);
+ process_annotations["product"] =
+ base::SysNSStringToUTF8(product).append("_Mac");
+ } else {
+ process_annotations["product"] = product_name;
+ }
#if BUILDFLAG(GOOGLE_CHROME_BRANDING)
// Empty means stable.
@@ -58,12 +74,16 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> GetProcessSimpleAnnotations() {
process_annotations["channel"] = "";
}
- NSString* version =
- base::mac::ObjCCast<NSString>([base::mac::FrameworkBundle()
- objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleShortVersionString"]);
- process_annotations["ver"] = base::SysNSStringToUTF8(version);
+ if (strlen(product_version) == 0) {
+ NSString* version =
+ base::mac::ObjCCast<NSString>([base::mac::FrameworkBundle()
+ objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleShortVersionString"]);
+ process_annotations["version"] = base::SysNSStringToUTF8(version);
+ } else {
+ process_annotations["version"] = product_version;
+ }
- process_annotations["plat"] = std::string("OS X");
+ process_annotations["platform"] = std::string("macos");
} // @autoreleasepool
return process_annotations;
}();
@@ -123,10 +143,10 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
if (initial_client) {
@autoreleasepool {
- base::FilePath framework_bundle_path = base::mac::FrameworkBundlePath();
- base::FilePath handler_path =
- framework_bundle_path.Append("Helpers").Append(
- "chrome_crashpad_handler");
+ // Use the same subprocess helper exe.
+ base::FilePath handler_path;
+ base::PathService::Get(content::CHILD_PROCESS_EXE, &handler_path);
+ DCHECK(!handler_path.empty());
// Is there a way to recover if this fails?
CrashReporterClient* crash_reporter_client = GetCrashReporterClient();
@@ -138,7 +158,7 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
// crash server won't have symbols for any other build types.
std::string url = "https://clients2.google.com/cr/report";
#else
- std::string url;
+ std::string url = crash_reporter_client->GetCrashServerURL();
#endif
std::vector<std::string> arguments;
@@ -161,6 +181,12 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
"--reset-own-crash-exception-port-to-system-default");
}
+ // Since we're using the same subprocess helper exe we must specify the
+ // process type.
+ arguments.push_back(std::string("--type=") + switches::kCrashpadHandler);
+
+ crash_reporter_client->GetCrashOptionalArguments(&arguments);
+
bool result = GetCrashpadClient().StartHandler(
handler_path, database_path, metrics_path, url,
GetProcessSimpleAnnotations(), arguments, true, false);
diff --git components/crash/core/app/crashpad_win.cc components/crash/core/app/crashpad_win.cc
index 669f5bea844d..734163c0aad1 100644
--- components/crash/core/app/crashpad_win.cc
+++ components/crash/core/app/crashpad_win.cc
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ void GetPlatformCrashpadAnnotations(
base::string16 product_name, version, special_build, channel_name;
crash_reporter_client->GetProductNameAndVersion(
exe_file, &product_name, &version, &special_build, &channel_name);
- (*annotations)["prod"] = base::UTF16ToUTF8(product_name);
- (*annotations)["ver"] = base::UTF16ToUTF8(version);
+ (*annotations)["product"] = base::UTF16ToUTF8(product_name);
+ (*annotations)["version"] = base::UTF16ToUTF8(version);
#if BUILDFLAG(GOOGLE_CHROME_BRANDING)
// Empty means stable.
const bool allow_empty_channel = true;
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ void GetPlatformCrashpadAnnotations(
if (!special_build.empty())
(*annotations)["special"] = base::UTF16ToUTF8(special_build);
#if defined(ARCH_CPU_X86)
- (*annotations)["plat"] = std::string("Win32");
+ (*annotations)["platform"] = std::string("win32");
#elif defined(ARCH_CPU_X86_64)
- (*annotations)["plat"] = std::string("Win64");
+ (*annotations)["platform"] = std::string("win64");
#endif
}
@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
base::FilePath metrics_path; // Only valid in the browser process.
const char kPipeNameVar[] = "CHROME_CRASHPAD_PIPE_NAME";
+#if defined(GOOGLE_CHROME_BUILD)
const char kServerUrlVar[] = "CHROME_CRASHPAD_SERVER_URL";
+#endif
std::unique_ptr<base::Environment> env(base::Environment::Create());
CrashReporterClient* crash_reporter_client = GetCrashReporterClient();
@@ -87,13 +89,13 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
#if BUILDFLAG(GOOGLE_CHROME_BRANDING)
std::string url = "https://clients2.google.com/cr/report";
-#else
- std::string url;
-#endif
// Allow the crash server to be overridden for testing. If the variable
// isn't present in the environment then the default URL will remain.
env->GetVar(kServerUrlVar, &url);
+#else
+ std::string url = crash_reporter_client->GetCrashServerURL();
+#endif
base::FilePath exe_file(exe_path);
if (exe_file.empty()) {
@@ -104,13 +106,14 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
exe_file = base::FilePath(exe_file_path);
}
- // If the handler is embedded in the binary (e.g. chrome, setup), we
- // reinvoke it with --type=crashpad-handler. Otherwise, we use the
- // standalone crashpad_handler.exe (for tests, etc.).
std::vector<std::string> start_arguments(initial_arguments);
+
+ // Always add --type=crashpad-handler because the value is expected by
+ // CefExecuteProcess.
+ start_arguments.push_back(
+ std::string("--type=") + switches::kCrashpadHandler);
+
if (embedded_handler) {
- start_arguments.push_back(std::string("--type=") +
- switches::kCrashpadHandler);
if (!user_data_dir.empty()) {
start_arguments.push_back(std::string("--user-data-dir=") +
user_data_dir);
@@ -121,9 +124,12 @@ base::FilePath PlatformCrashpadInitialization(
start_arguments.push_back("/prefetch:7");
} else {
base::FilePath exe_dir = exe_file.DirName();
- exe_file = exe_dir.Append(FILE_PATH_LITERAL("crashpad_handler.exe"));
+ exe_file = base::FilePath(
+ crash_reporter_client->GetCrashExternalHandler(exe_dir.value()));
}
+ crash_reporter_client->GetCrashOptionalArguments(&start_arguments);
+
std::vector<std::string> arguments(start_arguments);
if (crash_reporter_client->ShouldMonitorCrashHandlerExpensively()) {