diff --git chrome/browser/themes/theme_service.cc chrome/browser/themes/theme_service.cc
index abba09a2eda93..d9e23612dfa0e 100644
--- chrome/browser/themes/theme_service.cc
+++ chrome/browser/themes/theme_service.cc
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "base/task/thread_pool.h"
 #include "base/threading/thread_task_runner_handle.h"
 #include "build/build_config.h"
+#include "cef/libcef/features/runtime.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_service.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/theme_installed_infobar_delegate.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/profiles/profile.h"
@@ -58,6 +59,10 @@
 #include "third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/types/optional.h"
 #include "ui/base/layout.h"
 
+#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CEF)
+#include "cef/libcef/common/extensions/extensions_util.h"
+#endif
+
 #if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_EXTENSIONS)
 #include "base/scoped_observation.h"
 #include "extensions/browser/extension_registry_observer.h"
@@ -280,11 +285,19 @@ void ThemeService::Init() {
   // OnExtensionServiceReady. Otherwise, the ThemeObserver won't be
   // constructed in time to observe the corresponding events.
 #if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_EXTENSIONS)
+#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CEF)
+  const bool extensions_disabled = cef::IsAlloyRuntimeEnabled() &&
+                                   !extensions::ExtensionsEnabled();
+#else
+  const bool extensions_disabled = false;
+#endif
+  if (!extensions_disabled) {
   theme_observer_ = std::make_unique<ThemeObserver>(this);
 
   extensions::ExtensionSystem::Get(profile_)->ready().Post(
       FROM_HERE, base::BindOnce(&ThemeService::OnExtensionServiceReady,
                                 weak_ptr_factory_.GetWeakPtr()));
+  }
 #endif
   theme_syncable_service_ =
       std::make_unique<ThemeSyncableService>(profile_, this);
diff --git chrome/browser/themes/theme_service_factory.cc chrome/browser/themes/theme_service_factory.cc
index dc2350f0b2443..7f4b9283534f3 100644
--- chrome/browser/themes/theme_service_factory.cc
+++ chrome/browser/themes/theme_service_factory.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "base/no_destructor.h"
 #include "build/build_config.h"
 #include "build/chromeos_buildflags.h"
+#include "cef/libcef/features/runtime.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_system_factory.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/profiles/incognito_helpers.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/profiles/profile.h"
@@ -30,6 +31,10 @@
 #include "ui/views/linux_ui/linux_ui.h"
 #endif
 
+#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CEF)
+#include "cef/libcef/common/extensions/extensions_util.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace {
 
 const ThemeHelper& GetThemeHelper() {
@@ -73,7 +78,15 @@ ThemeServiceFactory::ThemeServiceFactory()
           BrowserContextDependencyManager::GetInstance()) {
   DependsOn(extensions::ExtensionRegistryFactory::GetInstance());
   DependsOn(extensions::ExtensionPrefsFactory::GetInstance());
+#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CEF)
+  const bool extensions_disabled = cef::IsAlloyRuntimeEnabled() &&
+                                   !extensions::ExtensionsEnabled();
+#else
+  const bool extensions_disabled = false;
+#endif
+  if (!extensions_disabled) {
   DependsOn(extensions::ExtensionSystemFactory::GetInstance());
+  }
 }
 
 ThemeServiceFactory::~ThemeServiceFactory() {}