diff --git a/store/driver.go b/store/driver.go
index 6cba2187..3d17b362 100644
--- a/store/driver.go
+++ b/store/driver.go
@@ -7,4 +7,9 @@ type Driver interface {
 
 	UpsertSystemSetting(ctx context.Context, upsert *SystemSetting) (*SystemSetting, error)
 	ListSystemSettings(ctx context.Context, find *FindSystemSetting) ([]*SystemSetting, error)
+
+	CreateUser(ctx context.Context, create *User) (*User, error)
+	UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, update *UpdateUser) (*User, error)
+	ListUsers(ctx context.Context, find *FindUser) ([]*User, error)
+	DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, delete *DeleteUser) error
 }
diff --git a/store/sqlite3/user.go b/store/sqlite3/user.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64e101f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/store/sqlite3/user.go
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/usememos/memos/store"
+)
+
+func (d *Driver) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, create *store.User) (*store.User, error) {
+	stmt := `
+		INSERT INTO user (
+			username,
+			role,
+			email,
+			nickname,
+			password_hash
+		)
+		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+		RETURNING id, avatar_url, created_ts, updated_ts, row_status
+	`
+	if err := d.db.QueryRowContext(
+		ctx,
+		stmt,
+		create.Username,
+		create.Role,
+		create.Email,
+		create.Nickname,
+		create.PasswordHash,
+	).Scan(
+		&create.ID,
+		&create.AvatarURL,
+		&create.CreatedTs,
+		&create.UpdatedTs,
+		&create.RowStatus,
+	); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return create, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, update *store.UpdateUser) (*store.User, error) {
+	set, args := []string{}, []any{}
+	if v := update.UpdatedTs; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "updated_ts = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := update.RowStatus; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "row_status = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := update.Username; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "username = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := update.Email; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "email = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := update.Nickname; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "nickname = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := update.AvatarURL; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "avatar_url = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := update.PasswordHash; v != nil {
+		set, args = append(set, "password_hash = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	args = append(args, update.ID)
+
+	query := `
+		UPDATE user
+		SET ` + strings.Join(set, ", ") + `
+		WHERE id = ?
+		RETURNING id, username, role, email, nickname, password_hash, avatar_url, created_ts, updated_ts, row_status
+	`
+	user := &store.User{}
+	if err := d.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, args...).Scan(
+		&user.ID,
+		&user.Username,
+		&user.Role,
+		&user.Email,
+		&user.Nickname,
+		&user.PasswordHash,
+		&user.AvatarURL,
+		&user.CreatedTs,
+		&user.UpdatedTs,
+		&user.RowStatus,
+	); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return user, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, find *store.FindUser) ([]*store.User, error) {
+	where, args := []string{"1 = 1"}, []any{}
+
+	if v := find.ID; v != nil {
+		where, args = append(where, "id = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := find.Username; v != nil {
+		where, args = append(where, "username = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := find.Role; v != nil {
+		where, args = append(where, "role = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := find.Email; v != nil {
+		where, args = append(where, "email = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+	if v := find.Nickname; v != nil {
+		where, args = append(where, "nickname = ?"), append(args, *v)
+	}
+
+	query := `
+		SELECT 
+			id,
+			username,
+			role,
+			email,
+			nickname,
+			password_hash,
+			avatar_url,
+			created_ts,
+			updated_ts,
+			row_status
+		FROM user
+		WHERE ` + strings.Join(where, " AND ") + `
+		ORDER BY created_ts DESC, row_status DESC
+	`
+	rows, err := d.db.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	list := make([]*store.User, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var user store.User
+		if err := rows.Scan(
+			&user.ID,
+			&user.Username,
+			&user.Role,
+			&user.Email,
+			&user.Nickname,
+			&user.PasswordHash,
+			&user.AvatarURL,
+			&user.CreatedTs,
+			&user.UpdatedTs,
+			&user.RowStatus,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		list = append(list, &user)
+	}
+
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return list, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Driver) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, delete *store.DeleteUser) error {
+	result, err := d.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		DELETE FROM user WHERE id = ?
+	`, delete.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := result.RowsAffected(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/store/user.go b/store/user.go
index 6245b0e9..17948fa7 100644
--- a/store/user.go
+++ b/store/user.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package store
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"strings"
 )
 
 // Role is the type of a role.
@@ -74,84 +73,18 @@ type DeleteUser struct {
 }
 
 func (s *Store) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, create *User) (*User, error) {
-	stmt := `
-		INSERT INTO user (
-			username,
-			role,
-			email,
-			nickname,
-			password_hash
-		)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-		RETURNING id, avatar_url, created_ts, updated_ts, row_status
-	`
-	if err := s.db.QueryRowContext(
-		ctx,
-		stmt,
-		create.Username,
-		create.Role,
-		create.Email,
-		create.Nickname,
-		create.PasswordHash,
-	).Scan(
-		&create.ID,
-		&create.AvatarURL,
-		&create.CreatedTs,
-		&create.UpdatedTs,
-		&create.RowStatus,
-	); err != nil {
+	user, err := s.driver.CreateUser(ctx, create)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	user := create
 	s.userCache.Store(user.ID, user)
 	return user, nil
 }
 
 func (s *Store) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, update *UpdateUser) (*User, error) {
-	set, args := []string{}, []any{}
-	if v := update.UpdatedTs; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "updated_ts = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := update.RowStatus; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "row_status = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := update.Username; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "username = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := update.Email; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "email = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := update.Nickname; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "nickname = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := update.AvatarURL; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "avatar_url = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := update.PasswordHash; v != nil {
-		set, args = append(set, "password_hash = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	args = append(args, update.ID)
-
-	query := `
-		UPDATE user
-		SET ` + strings.Join(set, ", ") + `
-		WHERE id = ?
-		RETURNING id, username, role, email, nickname, password_hash, avatar_url, created_ts, updated_ts, row_status
-	`
-	user := &User{}
-	if err := s.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, args...).Scan(
-		&user.ID,
-		&user.Username,
-		&user.Role,
-		&user.Email,
-		&user.Nickname,
-		&user.PasswordHash,
-		&user.AvatarURL,
-		&user.CreatedTs,
-		&user.UpdatedTs,
-		&user.RowStatus,
-	); err != nil {
+	user, err := s.driver.UpdateUser(ctx, update)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -160,69 +93,10 @@ func (s *Store) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, update *UpdateUser) (*User, erro
 }
 
 func (s *Store) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, find *FindUser) ([]*User, error) {
-	where, args := []string{"1 = 1"}, []any{}
-
-	if v := find.ID; v != nil {
-		where, args = append(where, "id = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := find.Username; v != nil {
-		where, args = append(where, "username = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := find.Role; v != nil {
-		where, args = append(where, "role = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := find.Email; v != nil {
-		where, args = append(where, "email = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-	if v := find.Nickname; v != nil {
-		where, args = append(where, "nickname = ?"), append(args, *v)
-	}
-
-	query := `
-		SELECT 
-			id,
-			username,
-			role,
-			email,
-			nickname,
-			password_hash,
-			avatar_url,
-			created_ts,
-			updated_ts,
-			row_status
-		FROM user
-		WHERE ` + strings.Join(where, " AND ") + `
-		ORDER BY created_ts DESC, row_status DESC
-	`
-	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	list, err := s.driver.ListUsers(ctx, find)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	list := make([]*User, 0)
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var user User
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&user.ID,
-			&user.Username,
-			&user.Role,
-			&user.Email,
-			&user.Nickname,
-			&user.PasswordHash,
-			&user.AvatarURL,
-			&user.CreatedTs,
-			&user.UpdatedTs,
-			&user.RowStatus,
-		); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		list = append(list, &user)
-	}
-
-	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 
 	for _, user := range list {
 		s.userCache.Store(user.ID, user)
@@ -251,15 +125,11 @@ func (s *Store) GetUser(ctx context.Context, find *FindUser) (*User, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Store) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, delete *DeleteUser) error {
-	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
-		DELETE FROM user WHERE id = ?
-	`, delete.ID)
+	err := s.driver.DeleteUser(ctx, delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := result.RowsAffected(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+
 	if err := s.Vacuum(ctx); err != nil {
 		// Prevent linter warning.
 		return err