fix networking.md. Add sambashare.md
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piccihud
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@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ Se si va di fretta e è necessario finire la scansione il prima possibile, si pu
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Potrebbe essere necessario eseguire la scansione di più host e nmap offre vari modi per eseguire tale scansione, tra cui usare i caratteri jolly:
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```bash
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map -F 192.168.1.*
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nmap -F 192.168.1.*
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Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-03-12 18:25 CET
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Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.1
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@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
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# Nas con samba
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## Impostare IP statico
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Collegarsi al raspberry via ssh, quindi modificare il seguente file, aggiungendo le righe sottostanti:
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```bash
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nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
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interface wlan0
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static ip_address=192.168.1.107/24
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static routers=192.168.1.1
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static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1 5.2.75.75
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```
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## Identificare e partizionare i dischi
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```bash
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fdisk -l
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Disk /dev/sda: 12.73 TiB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
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Disk model: Generic
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
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Disklabel type: gpt
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Disk identifier: 4AE9456D-B7BA-4011-87ED-A73741BAA769
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Device Start End Sectors Size Type
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/dev/sda1 2048 27344764894 27344762847 12.7T Linux filesystem
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Disk /dev/sdb: 12.73 TiB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
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Disk model: Generic
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
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Disklabel type: gpt
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Disk identifier: 1499002A-74AD-446F-994F-F07DF88B7E16
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```
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È possibile identificare i dischi anche con altri comandi:
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```bash
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lsblk -f
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NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
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sda
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sdb
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mmcblk0
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|-mmcblk0p1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224.3M 12% /boot
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`-mmcblk0p2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 54.4G 3% /
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blkid
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/dev/mmcblk0p1: LABEL_FATBOOT="bootfs" LABEL="bootfs" UUID="37CA-39EC" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="be140fba-01"
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/dev/mmcblk0p2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="be140fba-02"
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/dev/sda: PTUUID="4ae9456d-b7ba-4011-87ed-a73741baa769" PTTYPE="gpt"
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/dev/sdb: PTUUID="1499002a-74ad-446f-994f-f07df88b7e16" PTTYPE="gpt"
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```
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### Partizionare i dischi
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```bash
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fdisk /dev/sda
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Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
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Command (m for help): m
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Help:
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GPT
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M enter protective/hybrid MBR
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Generic
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d delete a partition
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F list free unpartitioned space
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l list known partition types
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n add a new partition
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p print the partition table
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t change a partition type
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v verify the partition table
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i print information about a partition
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Misc
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m print this menu
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x extra functionality (experts only)
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Script
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I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
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O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
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Save & Exit
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w write table to disk and exit
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q quit without saving changes
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Create a new label
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g create a new empty GPT partition table
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G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
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o create a new empty DOS partition table
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s create a new empty Sun partition table
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Command (m for help): g
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Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 4D12D92A-E17B-114E-8805-762CC6E5A690).
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Command (m for help): n
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Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
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First sector (2048-27344764894, default 2048):
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Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-27344764894, default 27344764894):
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Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 12.7 TiB.
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Command (m for help): w
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The partition table has been altered.
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Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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Syncing disks.
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```
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Dopo aver partizionato anche `/dev/sdb`:
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```bash
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lsblk -f
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NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
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sda
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`-sda1
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sdb
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`-sdb1
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mmcblk0
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|-mmcblk0p1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224.3M 12% /boot
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`-mmcblk0p2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 54.4G 3% /
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```
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## Formattare il disco
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Assicurarsi che entrambi i dispositivi siano smontati:
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```bash
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umount /dev/sda
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umount: /dev/sda: not mounted.
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umount /dev/sdb
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umount: /dev/sdb: not mounted.
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```
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Quindi formattarli in `ext4`:
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```bash
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mkfs.ext4 -L "NAS1" /dev/sda1 -v
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mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
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fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4', 'big'
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Filesystem label=NAS1
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OS type: Linux
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Block size=4096 (log=2)
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Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
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Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
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427261952 inodes, 3418095355 blocks
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170904767 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
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First data block=0
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Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
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104312 block groups
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32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
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4096 inodes per group
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Filesystem UUID: 95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
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32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
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4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
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102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632,
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2560000000
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Allocating group tables: done
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Writing inode tables: done
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Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
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```
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### Verificare la formattazione
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```bash
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file -sL /dev/sda1
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/dev/sda1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260, volume name "NAS1" (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files)
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file -sL /dev/sdb1
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/dev/sdb1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=c2ccecd7-5ce2-4441-a134-f8d293831aea, volume name "NAS2" (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files)
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```
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## fstab
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Creare i punti di mount nella cartella `/srv/`:
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```bash
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root@iron:/# cd /srv/
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root@iron:/srv# mkdir private/
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root@iron:/srv# mkdir public/
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```
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Procedere quindi a modificare il file fstab:
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```bash
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root@iron:/media# cat /etc/fstab
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proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
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PARTUUID=be140fba-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
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PARTUUID=be140fba-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
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# I due dischi
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UUID=95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260 /srv/private/ ext4 defaults 0 2
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UUID=c2ccecd7-5ce2-4441-a134-f8d293831aea /srv/public/ ext4 defaults 0 2
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```
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Se, provando a montare i dischi non vengono restituiti errori, la procedura è avvenuta correttamente e i dischi verranno montati automaticamente all'avvio:
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```bash
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root@iron:/media# mount /srv/private/
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root@iron:/media# mount /srv/public/
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root@iron:/media# lsblk -f
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NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
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sda
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`-sda1 ext4 1.0 NAS1 95db731d-5687-4681-bdac-b0d57dea0260 12T 0% /srv/private
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sdb
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`-sdb1 ext4 1.0 NAS2 c2ccecd7-5ce2-4441-a134-f8d293831aea 12T 0% /srv/public
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mmcblk0
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|-mmcblk0p1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224.3M 12% /boot
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`-mmcblk0p2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 54.4G 3% /
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root@iron:/media# mount -t ext4
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/dev/mmcblk0p2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime)
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/dev/sda1 on /srv/private type ext4 (rw,relatime)
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/dev/sdb1 on /srv/public type ext4 (rw,relatime)
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```
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## Configurazione di samba
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Installare i seguenti paccchetti:
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```bash
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root@iron:/media# apt install samba samba-common-bin cifs-utils
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree... Done
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Reading state information... Done
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cifs-utils is already the newest version (2:6.11-3.1+deb11u1).
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The following additional packages will be installed:
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attr ibverbs-providers libavahi-client3 libboost-iostreams1.74.0 libboost-thread1.74.0 libcephfs2 libcups2
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libgfapi0 libgfrpc0 libgfxdr0 libglusterfs0 libibverbs1 libldb2 librados2 librdmacm1 libtdb1 liburing1
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python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dnspython python3-gpg python3-ldb python3-markdown
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python3-pygments python3-requests-toolbelt python3-samba python3-talloc python3-tdb python3-yaml samba-common
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samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs samba-vfs-modules tdb-tools
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Suggested packages:
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cups-common python-cryptography-doc python3-cryptography-vectors python3-sniffio python3-trio python-markdown-doc
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python-pygments-doc ttf-bitstream-vera bind9 bind9utils ctdb ldb-tools ntp | chrony smbldap-tools ufw winbind
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heimdal-clients
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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attr ibverbs-providers libavahi-client3 libboost-iostreams1.74.0 libboost-thread1.74.0 libcephfs2 libcups2
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libgfapi0 libgfrpc0 libgfxdr0 libglusterfs0 libibverbs1 libldb2 librados2 librdmacm1 libtdb1 liburing1
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python3-cffi-backend python3-cryptography python3-dnspython python3-gpg python3-ldb python3-markdown
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python3-pygments python3-requests-toolbelt python3-samba python3-talloc python3-tdb python3-yaml samba
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samba-common samba-common-bin samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs samba-vfs-modules tdb-tools
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0 upgraded, 36 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Need to get 29.6 MB of archives.
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After this operation, 113 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
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```
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### Global section
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In `/etc/samba/smb.conf` aggiungere:
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```bash
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[global]
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#allow hosts = 192.168.1.0/24
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workgroup = WORKGROUP
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security = USER
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server string = FILE SERVER
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create mask = 0755
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browsable = no
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```
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### Share section
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```bash
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[private]
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comment = Cartella condivisa
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path = /srv/private
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browsable = no
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read only = no
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writable = yes
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guest ok = no
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create mask = 0775
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valid users = @samba
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```
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Verificare che la configurazione sia corretta col comando:
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```bash
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testparm
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```
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Quindi riavviare i servizi:
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```bash
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systemctl restart smbd.service
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systemctl restart nmbd.service
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# oppure
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systemctl restart smbd nmbd
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```
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### Aggiunta utente
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```bash
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adduser davide --home=/home/public --shell=/bin/false --disabled-password
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Adding user `davide' ...
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Adding new group `davide' (1001) ...
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Adding new user `davide' (1001) with group `davide' ...
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Creating home directory `/home/public' ...
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Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
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Changing the user information for davide
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Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
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Full Name []:
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Room Number []:
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Work Phone []:
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Home Phone []:
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Other []:
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Is the information correct? [Y/n]
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```
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#### Assegnare una password all'utente
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```bash
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smbpasswd -a davide
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New SMB password:
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Retype new SMB password:
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Added user davide.
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```
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### Aggiungere l'utente al gruppo samba
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```bash
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usermod -aG samba utente
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```
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#### Assegnare la cartella condivisa all'utente
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```bash
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chown davide:samba /srv/private/
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chmod -R 770 /srv/private/
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ls -lh1 /srv/private/
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total 20K
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drwxrwx--- 2 davide davide 4.0K Mar 26 17:46 files
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```
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## Montare automaticamente la cartella condivisa
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Installare sul client i seguenti pacchetti:
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install cifs-utils smb4k
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```
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Creare nella propria home un file `.smbcredentials` coi seguenti dati:
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```bash
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username=shareuser
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password=sharepassword
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domain=workgroupname
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```
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Quindi `chmod 0600 ~/.smbcredentials`.
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Modificare il file `/etc/fstab` nel seguente modo:
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```bash
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cat /etc/fstab
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#
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# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
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//192.168.1.107/private/ /media/davide/samba cifs credentials=/home/davide/.smbcredentials,uid=davide,gid=davide 0 0
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```
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Infine dare il comando `sudo mount -a`. La cartella dovrebbe essere correttamente montata.
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```bash
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sudo mount -a
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mount: (hint) your fstab has been modified, but systemd still uses
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the old version; use 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload.
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```
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### Connettersi tramite file manager
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Inserire nel path:
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```bash
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smb://server/share_folder/
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smb://192.168.1.107/private/
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```
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## Collegamenti
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- [https://linuxhint.com/raspberry_pi_static_ip_setup/](https://linuxhint.com/raspberry_pi_static_ip_setup/)
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- [https://askubuntu.com/questions/157128/proper-fstab-entry-to-mount-a-samba-share-on-boot](https://askubuntu.com/questions/157128/proper-fstab-entry-to-mount-a-samba-share-on-boot)
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- [https://noviello.it/come-installare-e-configurare-samba-server-su-ubuntu-18-04-lts/](https://noviello.it/come-installare-e-configurare-samba-server-su-ubuntu-18-04-lts/)
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- [https://www.howtogeek.com/50787/add-a-user-to-a-group-or-second-group-on-linux/](https://www.howtogeek.com/50787/add-a-user-to-a-group-or-second-group-on-linux/)
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