160 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
160 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
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# Configurazione Raspberry Pi da riga di comando
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Scaricare la ISO da [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/)
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```bash
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cd ~/Scaricati
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wget -c https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2023-02-22/2023-02-21-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img.xz
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```
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Quindi decomprimere l'archivio:
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```bash
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xz -d 2023-02-21-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img.xz
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```
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## Flashare il SO sulla microSD
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Tramite il comando `lsblk -f` individuare il device corretto.
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Quindi smontare il device. Una volta smontato procedere a:
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- creare una nuova tabella gpt;
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- creare una nuova partizione;
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- formattare la partizione nel file-system `ext4`;
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- flashare la iso tramite `dd`:
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```bash
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sudo lsblk -f
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NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
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sda
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├─sda1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC
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└─sda2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 344,9M 73% /media/davide/rootfs
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umount /dev/sda1
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umount /dev/sda2
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sudo fdisk /dev/sda
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Comando (m per richiamare la guida): g
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Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: CE1B9100-FFF7-0041-9C6F-34080C8A08C6).
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Comando (m per richiamare la guida): n
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Numero della partizione (1-128, default 1):
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First sector (2048-124805086, default 2048):
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Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-124805086, default 124803071):
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Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 59,5 GiB.
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Comando (m per richiamare la guida): w
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The partition table has been altered.
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Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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Syncing disks.
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sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
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mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
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Creating filesystem with 15600128 4k blocks and 3907584 inodes
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Filesystem UUID: ab33b6d8-fdf0-44b5-977d-3511ee17c9ed
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
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32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
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4096000, 7962624, 11239424
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Allocating group tables: done
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Writing inode tables: done
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Creating journal (65536 blocks): done
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
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umount /dev/sda1
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dd if=2023-02-21-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img of=/dev/sda status=progress
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sudo lsblk
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
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sda 8:0 1 59,5G 0 disk
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├─sda1 8:1 1 256M 0 part /media/davide/bootfs
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└─sda2 8:2 1 1,7G 0 part /media/davide/rootfs
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```
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In questo modo si otterranno le due partizioni seguenti:
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```bash
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sudo lsblk -f
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NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
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sda
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├─sda1 vfat FAT32 bootfs 37CA-39EC 224,4M 12% /media/davide/bootfs
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└─sda2 ext4 1.0 rootfs a4af13c6-d165-4cbd-a9f6-c961fef8255d 344,9M 73% /media/davide/rootfs
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```
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## Configurazione della rete wireless
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```bash
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cd /media/davide/bootfs/
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cat wpa_supplicant.conf
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ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
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country=IT
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update_config=1
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network={
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ssid="<name>"
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psk="***********"
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}
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```
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## Configurazione utente
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```bash
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cat userconf.txt
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davide:$6$Nf4LCWz7u2fcO4Vs$Z2S/T6IjgLXWTAWZfmWUbnraE0haKD0O7tt43ytGC3O7sN14UDOOGeZ7RDHOUxUZlqOOq54Ry2eAVcNfnRbiX.
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```
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Per generare la password crittografata dare il comando:
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```bash
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openssl passwd -6
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```
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## Configurazione ssh
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Creare in `bootfs` il file `.sh` e appendere `net.ifnames=0` nel file `cmdline.txt`
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```bash
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cat cmdline.txt
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console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=e088fd39-02 rootfstype=ext4 fsck.repair=yes rootwait quiet init=/usr/lib/raspberrypi-sys-mods/firstboot net.ifnames=0
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```
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## Impostare indirizzo IP statico
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```bash
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cd /media/davide/rootfs/
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cd etc/
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tail -n 5 dhcpcd.conf
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interface wlan0
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static ip_address=192.168.1.100/24
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static routers=192.168.1.1
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static domain_name_servers=5.2.75.75
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```
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## Cambiare hostname
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Nella medesima directory, modificare il nome host nei due seguenti file:
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```bash
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cat hostname
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pi
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cat hosts
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
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ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
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ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
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127.0.1.1 pi
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```
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## Collegamenti
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- [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/j](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/j)
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- [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#setting-up-a-headless-raspberry-pi](https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#setting-up-a-headless-raspberry-pi)
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- [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/headless-raspberry-pi-setup/ethernet-with-static-ip-address](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/headless-raspberry-pi-setup/ethernet-with-static-ip-address)
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- [https://thepihut.com/blogs/raspberry-pi-tutorials/19668676-renaming-your-raspberry-pi-the-hostname](https://thepihut.com/blogs/raspberry-pi-tutorials/19668676-renaming-your-raspberry-pi-the-hostname)
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