newlib/winsup/cygwin/fork.cc

/* fork.cc

   Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005
   Red Hat, Inc.

This file is part of Cygwin.

This software is a copyrighted work licensed under the terms of the
Cygwin license.  Please consult the file "CYGWIN_LICENSE" for
details. */

#include "winsup.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "cygerrno.h"
#include "security.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "fhandler.h"
#include "dtable.h"
#include "sigproc.h"
#include "pinfo.h"
#include "cygheap.h"
#include "child_info.h"
#include "cygtls.h"
#include "perprocess.h"
#include "dll_init.h"
#include "sync.h"
#include "shared_info.h"
#include "cygmalloc.h"
#include "cygthread.h"

#define NPIDS_HELD 4

/* Timeout to wait for child to start, parent to init child, etc.  */
/* FIXME: Once things stabilize, bump up to a few minutes.  */
#define FORK_WAIT_TIMEOUT (300 * 1000)     /* 300 seconds */

#define dll_data_start &_data_start__
#define dll_data_end &_data_end__
#define dll_bss_start &_bss_start__
#define dll_bss_end &_bss_end__

static void
stack_base (child_info_fork &ch)
{
  MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION m;
  memset (&m, 0, sizeof m);
  if (!VirtualQuery ((LPCVOID) &m, &m, sizeof m))
    system_printf ("couldn't get memory info, %E");

  ch.stacktop = m.AllocationBase;
  ch.stackbottom = (LPBYTE) m.BaseAddress + m.RegionSize;
  ch.stacksize = (DWORD) ch.stackbottom - (DWORD) &m;
  debug_printf ("bottom %p, top %p, stack %p, size %d, reserve %d",
		ch.stackbottom, ch.stacktop, &m, ch.stacksize,
		(DWORD) ch.stackbottom - (DWORD) ch.stacktop);
}

/* Copy memory from parent to child.
   The result is a boolean indicating success.  */

static int
fork_copy (PROCESS_INFORMATION &pi, const char *what, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  char *low;
  int pass = 0;

  va_start (args, what);

  while ((low = va_arg (args, char *)))
    {
      char *high = va_arg (args, char *);
      DWORD todo = wincap.chunksize () ?: high - low;
      char *here;

      for (here = low; here < high; here += todo)
	{
	  DWORD done = 0;
	  if (here + todo > high)
	    todo = high - here;
	  int res = WriteProcessMemory (pi.hProcess, here, here, todo, &done);
	  debug_printf ("child handle %p, low %p, high %p, res %d", pi.hProcess,
			low, high, res);
	  if (!res || todo != done)
	    {
	      if (!res)
		__seterrno ();
	      /* If this happens then there is a bug in our fork
		 implementation somewhere. */
	      system_printf ("%s pass %d failed, %p..%p, done %d, windows pid %u, %E",
			    what, pass, low, high, done, pi.dwProcessId);
	      goto err;
	    }
	}

      pass++;
    }

  debug_printf ("done");
  return 1;

 err:
  TerminateProcess (pi.hProcess, 1);
  set_errno (EAGAIN);
  return 0;
}

static int
resume_child (HANDLE forker_finished)
{
  SetEvent (forker_finished);
  debug_printf ("signalled child");
  return 1;
}

/* Notify parent that it is time for the next step.
   Note that this has to be a macro since the parent may be messing with
   our stack. */
static void __stdcall
sync_with_parent (const char *s, bool hang_self)
{
  debug_printf ("signalling parent: %s", s);
  fork_info->ready (false);
  if (hang_self)
    {
      HANDLE h = fork_info->forker_finished;
      /* Wait for the parent to fill in our stack and heap.
	 Don't wait forever here.  If our parent dies we don't want to clog
	 the system.  If the wait fails, we really can't continue so exit.  */
      DWORD psync_rc = WaitForSingleObject (h, FORK_WAIT_TIMEOUT);
      debug_printf ("awake");
      switch (psync_rc)
	{
	case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
	  api_fatal ("WFSO timed out %s", s);
	  break;
	case WAIT_FAILED:
	  if (GetLastError () == ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE &&
	      WaitForSingleObject (fork_info->forker_finished, 1) != WAIT_FAILED)
	    break;
	  api_fatal ("WFSO failed %s, fork_finished %p, %E", s,
		     fork_info->forker_finished);
	  break;
	default:
	  debug_printf ("no problems");
	  break;
	}
    }
}

static int __stdcall
fork_child (HANDLE& hParent, dll *&first_dll, bool& load_dlls)
{
  extern void fixup_hooks_after_fork ();
  extern void fixup_timers_after_fork ();
  extern void __stdcall create_signal_arrived ();
  debug_printf ("child is running.  pid %d, ppid %d, stack here %p",
		myself->pid, myself->ppid, __builtin_frame_address (0));

  /* Restore the inheritance state as in parent
     Don't call setuid here! The flags are already set. */
  cygheap->user.reimpersonate ();

  sync_with_parent ("after longjmp", true);
  sigproc_printf ("hParent %p, child 1 first_dll %p, load_dlls %d", hParent,
		  first_dll, load_dlls);

  /* If we've played with the stack, stacksize != 0.  That means that
     fork() was invoked from other than the main thread.  Make sure that
     the threadinfo information is properly set up.  */
  if (fork_info->stacksize)
    {
      _main_tls = &_my_tls;
      _main_tls->init_thread (NULL, NULL);
      _main_tls->local_clib = *_impure_ptr;
      _impure_ptr = &_main_tls->local_clib;
    }

#ifdef DEBUGGING
  char c;
  if (GetEnvironmentVariable ("FORKDEBUG", &c, 1))
    try_to_debug ();
  char buf[80];
  /* This is useful for debugging fork problems.  Use gdb to attach to
     the pid reported here. */
  if (GetEnvironmentVariable ("CYGWIN_FORK_SLEEP", buf, sizeof (buf)))
    {
      small_printf ("Sleeping %d after fork, pid %u\n", atoi (buf), GetCurrentProcessId ());
      Sleep (atoi (buf));
    }
#endif

  set_file_api_mode (current_codepage);

  MALLOC_CHECK;

  if (fixup_mmaps_after_fork (hParent))
    api_fatal ("recreate_mmaps_after_fork_failed");

  create_signal_arrived ();

#ifdef USE_SERVER
  /* Incredible but true:  If we use sockets and SYSV IPC shared memory,
     there's a good chance that a duplicated socket in the child occupies
     memory which is needed to duplicate shared memory from the parent
     process, if the shared memory hasn't been duplicated already.
     The same goes very likely for "normal" mmap shared memory, too, but
     with SYSV IPC it was the first time observed.  So, *never* fixup
     fdtab before fixing up shared memory. */
  if (fixup_shms_after_fork ())
    api_fatal ("recreate_shm areas after fork failed");
#endif

  MALLOC_CHECK;

  /* If we haven't dynamically loaded any dlls, just signal
     the parent.  Otherwise, load all the dlls, tell the parent
      that we're done, and wait for the parent to fill in the.
      loaded dlls' data/bss. */
  if (!load_dlls)
    {
      cygheap->fdtab.fixup_after_fork (hParent);
      ProtectHandleINH (hParent);
      sync_with_parent ("performed fork fixup", false);
    }
  else
    {
      dlls.load_after_fork (hParent, first_dll);
      cygheap->fdtab.fixup_after_fork (hParent);
      ProtectHandleINH (hParent);
      sync_with_parent ("loaded dlls", true);
    }

  ForceCloseHandle (hParent);
  (void) ForceCloseHandle1 (fork_info->forker_finished, forker_finished);

  _my_tls.fixup_after_fork ();
  sigproc_init ();

  pthread::atforkchild ();
  fixup_timers_after_fork ();
  fixup_hooks_after_fork ();
  cygbench ("fork-child");
  cygwin_finished_initializing = true;
  return 0;
}

#ifndef NO_SLOW_PID_REUSE
static void
slow_pid_reuse (HANDLE h)
{
  static NO_COPY HANDLE last_fork_procs[NPIDS_HELD] = {0};
  static NO_COPY unsigned nfork_procs = 0;

  if (nfork_procs >= (sizeof (last_fork_procs) / sizeof (last_fork_procs [0])))
    nfork_procs = 0;
  /* Keep a list of handles to child processes sitting around to prevent
     Windows from reusing the same pid n times in a row.  Having the same pids
     close in succesion confuses bash.  Keeping a handle open will stop
     windows from reusing the same pid.  */
  if (last_fork_procs[nfork_procs])
    ForceCloseHandle1 (last_fork_procs[nfork_procs], fork_stupidity);
  if (DuplicateHandle (hMainProc, h, hMainProc, &last_fork_procs[nfork_procs],
			0, FALSE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
    ProtectHandle1 (last_fork_procs[nfork_procs], fork_stupidity);
  else
    {
      last_fork_procs[nfork_procs] = NULL;
      system_printf ("couldn't create last_fork_proc, %E");
    }
  nfork_procs++;
}
#endif

static int __stdcall
fork_parent (HANDLE& hParent, dll *&first_dll,
	     bool& load_dlls, void *stack_here, child_info_fork &ch)
{
  HANDLE forker_finished;
  DWORD rc;
  PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = {0, NULL, 0, 0};

  pthread::atforkprepare ();

  int c_flags = GetPriorityClass (hMainProc) /*|
		CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP*/;
  STARTUPINFO si = {0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};

  /* If we don't have a console, then don't create a console for the
     child either.  */
  HANDLE console_handle = CreateFile ("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
				      FILE_SHARE_WRITE, &sec_none_nih,
				      OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
				      NULL);

  if (console_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    CloseHandle (console_handle);
  else
    c_flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;

  /* Some file types (currently only sockets) need extra effort in the
     parent after CreateProcess and before copying the datastructures
     to the child. So we have to start the child in suspend state,
     unfortunately, to avoid a race condition. */
  if (cygheap->fdtab.need_fixup_before ())
    c_flags |= CREATE_SUSPENDED;

  /* Create an inheritable handle to pass to the child process.  This will
     allow the child to duplicate handles from the parent to itself. */
  hParent = NULL;
  if (!DuplicateHandle (hMainProc, hMainProc, hMainProc, &hParent, 0, TRUE,
			DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
    {
      system_printf ("couldn't create handle to myself for child, %E");
      return -1;
    }

  /* Remember the address of the first loaded dll and decide
     if we need to load dlls.  We do this here so that this
     information will be available in the parent and, when
     the stack is copied, in the child. */
  first_dll = dlls.start.next;
  load_dlls = dlls.reload_on_fork && dlls.loaded_dlls;

  /* This will help some of the confusion.  */
  fflush (stdout);

  forker_finished = CreateEvent (&sec_all, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
  if (forker_finished == NULL)
    {
      CloseHandle (hParent);
      system_printf ("unable to allocate forker_finished event, %E");
      return -1;
    }

  ProtectHandleINH (forker_finished);

  ch.forker_finished = forker_finished;

  stack_base (ch);

  si.cb = sizeof (STARTUPINFO);
  si.lpReserved2 = (LPBYTE) &ch;
  si.cbReserved2 = sizeof (ch);

  /* Remove impersonation */
  cygheap->user.deimpersonate ();

  ch.parent = hParent;

  syscall_printf ("CreateProcess (%s, %s, 0, 0, 1, %x, 0, 0, %p, %p)",
		  myself->progname, myself->progname, c_flags, &si, &pi);
  bool locked = __malloc_lock ();
  void *newheap;
  newheap = cygheap_setup_for_child (&ch, cygheap->fdtab.need_fixup_before ());
  rc = CreateProcess (myself->progname, /* image to run */
		      myself->progname, /* what we send in arg0 */
		      &sec_none_nih,
		      &sec_none_nih,
		      TRUE,	  /* inherit handles from parent */
		      c_flags,
		      NULL,	  /* environment filled in later */
		      0,	  /* use current drive/directory */
		      &si,
		      &pi);

  CloseHandle (hParent);

  if (!rc)
    {
      __seterrno ();
      syscall_printf ("CreateProcessA failed, %E");
      ForceCloseHandle (forker_finished);
      /* Restore impersonation */
      cygheap->user.reimpersonate ();
      cygheap_setup_for_child_cleanup (newheap, &ch, 0);
      __malloc_unlock ();
      return -1;
    }

  /* Fixup the parent datastructure if needed and resume the child's
     main thread. */
  if (!cygheap->fdtab.need_fixup_before ())
    cygheap_setup_for_child_cleanup (newheap, &ch, 0);
  else
    {
      cygheap->fdtab.fixup_before_fork (pi.dwProcessId);
      cygheap_setup_for_child_cleanup (newheap, &ch, 1);
      ResumeThread (pi.hThread);
    }

  int child_pid = cygwin_pid (pi.dwProcessId);
  pinfo child (child_pid, 1);
  child->start_time = time (NULL); /* Register child's starting time. */
  child->nice = myself->nice;

  if (!child)
    {
      syscall_printf ("pinfo failed");
      if (get_errno () != ENOMEM)
	set_errno (EAGAIN);
      goto cleanup;
    }

  /* Initialize things that are done later in dll_crt0_1 that aren't done
     for the forkee.  */
  strcpy (child->progname, myself->progname);

  /* Restore impersonation */
  cygheap->user.reimpersonate ();

  ProtectHandle (pi.hThread);
  /* Protect the handle but name it similarly to the way it will
     be called in subproc handling. */
  ProtectHandle1 (pi.hProcess, childhProc);

  /* Fill in fields in the child's process table entry.  */
  child->dwProcessId = pi.dwProcessId;
  child.hProcess = pi.hProcess;

  /* Hopefully, this will succeed.  The alternative to doing things this
     way is to reserve space prior to calling CreateProcess and then fill
     it in afterwards.  This requires more bookkeeping than I like, though,
     so we'll just do it the easy way.  So, terminate any child process if
     we can't actually record the pid in the internal table. */
  if (!child.remember (false))
    {
      TerminateProcess (pi.hProcess, 1);
      set_errno (EAGAIN);
      goto cleanup;
    }

#ifndef NO_SLOW_PID_REUSE
  slow_pid_reuse (pi.hProcess);
#endif

  /* Wait for subproc to initialize itself. */
  if (!ch.sync (child, FORK_WAIT_TIMEOUT))
    {
      system_printf ("child %d died waiting for longjmp before initialization", child_pid);
      goto cleanup;
    }

  /* CHILD IS STOPPED */
  debug_printf ("child is alive (but stopped)");

  /* Initialize, in order: data, bss, heap, stack, dll data, dll bss
     Note: variables marked as NO_COPY will not be copied
     since they are placed in a protected segment. */


  MALLOC_CHECK;
  void *impure_beg;
  void *impure_end;
  if (&_my_tls == _main_tls)
    impure_beg = impure_end = NULL;
  else
    {
      impure_beg = _impure_ptr;
      impure_end = _impure_ptr + 1;
    }
  rc = fork_copy (pi, "user/cygwin data",
		  user_data->data_start, user_data->data_end,
		  user_data->bss_start, user_data->bss_end,
		  cygheap->user_heap.base, cygheap->user_heap.ptr,
		  stack_here, ch.stackbottom,
		  dll_data_start, dll_data_end,
		  dll_bss_start, dll_bss_end, impure_beg, impure_end, NULL);

  __malloc_unlock ();
  locked = false;
  MALLOC_CHECK;
  if (!rc)
    goto cleanup;

  /* Now fill data/bss of any DLLs that were linked into the program. */
  for (dll *d = dlls.istart (DLL_LINK); d; d = dlls.inext ())
    {
      debug_printf ("copying data/bss of a linked dll");
      if (!fork_copy (pi, "linked dll data/bss", d->p.data_start, d->p.data_end,
						 d->p.bss_start, d->p.bss_end,
						 NULL))
	goto cleanup;
    }

  /* Start thread, and wait for it to reload dlls.  */
  if (!resume_child (forker_finished))
    goto cleanup;
  else if (!ch.sync (child, FORK_WAIT_TIMEOUT))
    {
      system_printf ("child %d died waiting for dll loading", child_pid);
      goto cleanup;
    }

  /* If DLLs were loaded in the parent, then the child has reloaded all
     of them and is now waiting to have all of the individual data and
     bss sections filled in. */
  if (load_dlls)
    {
      /* CHILD IS STOPPED */
      /* write memory of reloaded dlls */
      for (dll *d = dlls.istart (DLL_LOAD); d; d = dlls.inext ())
	{
	  debug_printf ("copying data/bss for a loaded dll");
	  if (!fork_copy (pi, "loaded dll data/bss", d->p.data_start, d->p.data_end,
						     d->p.bss_start, d->p.bss_end,
						     NULL))
	    goto cleanup;
	}
      /* Start the child up again. */
      (void) resume_child (forker_finished);
    }

  ForceCloseHandle (pi.hThread);
  ForceCloseHandle (forker_finished);
  forker_finished = NULL;
  pi.hThread = NULL;
  pthread::atforkparent ();

  return child_pid;

/* Common cleanup code for failure cases */
 cleanup:
  if (locked)
    __malloc_unlock ();

  /* Remember to de-allocate the fd table. */
  if (pi.hProcess)
    ForceCloseHandle1 (pi.hProcess, childhProc);
  if (pi.hThread)
    ForceCloseHandle (pi.hThread);
  if (forker_finished)
    ForceCloseHandle (forker_finished);
  return -1;
}

extern "C" int
fork ()
{
  struct
  {
    HANDLE hParent;
    dll *first_dll;
    bool load_dlls;
  } grouped;

  MALLOC_CHECK;

  debug_printf ("entering");
  grouped.hParent = grouped.first_dll = NULL;
  grouped.load_dlls = 0;

  void *esp;
  __asm__ volatile ("movl %%esp,%0": "=r" (esp));

  myself->set_has_pgid_children ();

  child_info_fork ch;
  if (ch.subproc_ready == NULL)
    {
      system_printf ("unable to allocate subproc_ready event, %E");
      return -1;
    }

  sig_send (NULL, __SIGHOLD);
  int res = setjmp (ch.jmp);
  if (res)
    res = fork_child (grouped.hParent, grouped.first_dll, grouped.load_dlls);
  else
    res = fork_parent (grouped.hParent, grouped.first_dll, grouped.load_dlls, esp, ch);
  sig_send (NULL, __SIGNOHOLD);

  MALLOC_CHECK;
  syscall_printf ("%d = fork()", res);
  return res;
}
#ifdef DEBUGGING
void
fork_init ()
{
}
#endif /*DEBUGGING*/

#ifdef NEWVFORK
/* Dummy function to force second assignment below to actually be
   carried out */
static vfork_save *
get_vfork_val ()
{
  return vfork_storage.val ();
}
#endif

extern "C" int
vfork ()
{
#ifndef NEWVFORK
  debug_printf ("stub called");
  return fork ();
#else
  vfork_save *vf = get_vfork_val ();
  char **esp, **pp;

  if (vf == NULL)
    vf = vfork_storage.create ();
  else if (vf->pid)
    return fork ();

  // FIXME the tls stuff could introduce a signal race if a child process
  // exits quickly.
  if (!setjmp (vf->j))
    {
      vf->pid = -1;
      __asm__ volatile ("movl %%esp,%0": "=r" (vf->vfork_esp):);
      __asm__ volatile ("movl %%ebp,%0": "=r" (vf->vfork_ebp):);
      for (pp = (char **) vf->frame, esp = vf->vfork_esp;
	   esp <= vf->vfork_ebp + 2; pp++, esp++)
	*pp = *esp;
      vf->ctty = myself->ctty;
      vf->sid = myself->sid;
      vf->pgid = myself->pgid;
      cygheap->ctty_on_hold = cygheap->ctty;
      vf->open_fhs = cygheap->open_fhs;
      debug_printf ("cygheap->ctty_on_hold %p, cygheap->open_fhs %d", cygheap->ctty_on_hold, cygheap->open_fhs);
      int res = cygheap->fdtab.vfork_child_dup () ? 0 : -1;
      debug_printf ("%d = vfork()", res);
      _my_tls.call_signal_handler ();	// FIXME: racy
      vf->tls = _my_tls;
      return res;
    }

  vf = get_vfork_val ();

  for (pp = (char **) vf->frame, esp = vf->vfork_esp;
       esp <= vf->vfork_ebp + 2; pp++, esp++)
    *esp = *pp;

  cygheap->fdtab.vfork_parent_restore ();

  myself->ctty = vf->ctty;
  myself->sid = vf->sid;
  myself->pgid = vf->pgid;
  termios_printf ("cygheap->ctty %p, cygheap->ctty_on_hold %p", cygheap->ctty, cygheap->ctty_on_hold);
  cygheap->open_fhs = vf->open_fhs;

  if (vf->pid < 0)
    {
      int exitval = vf->exitval;
      vf->pid = 0;
      if ((vf->pid = fork ()) == 0)
	exit (exitval);
    }

  int pid = vf->pid;
  vf->pid = 0;
  debug_printf ("exiting vfork, pid %d", pid);
  sig_dispatch_pending ();

  _my_tls.call_signal_handler ();	// FIXME: racy
  _my_tls = vf->tls;
  return pid;
#endif
}