mksh/main.c

/**	$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/main.c,v 1.10 2005/06/05 16:38:20 tg Exp $ */
/*	$OpenBSD: main.c,v 1.38 2005/03/30 17:16:37 deraadt Exp $	*/
/*	$OpenBSD: tty.c,v 1.8 2005/03/30 17:16:37 deraadt Exp $	*/
/*	$OpenBSD: io.c,v 1.21 2005/03/30 17:16:37 deraadt Exp $	*/
/*	$OpenBSD: table.c,v 1.11 2005/03/30 17:16:37 deraadt Exp $	*/

#define	EXTERN				/* define EXTERNs in sh.h */
#include "sh.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#if !HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
#include <time.h>
#endif

__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/main.c,v 1.10 2005/06/05 16:38:20 tg Exp $");

const char ksh_version[] = "@(#)MIRBSD KSH R22 2005/06/05";

extern char **environ;

static void	reclaim(void);
static void	remove_temps(struct temp *tp);
static int	is_restricted(char *name);

static const char initifs[] = "IFS= \t\n";

static const char initsubs[] = "${PS2=> } ${PS3=#? } ${PS4=+ }";

static const char *initcoms [] = {
	"typeset", "-r", "KSH_VERSION", NULL,
	"typeset", "-x", "SHELL", "PATH", "HOME", NULL,
	"typeset", "-i", "PGRP=0", "PPID", NULL,
	"typeset", "-i", "OPTIND=1", NULL,
	"eval", "typeset -i RANDOM SECONDS=\"${SECONDS-0}\" TMOUT=\"${TMOUT-0}\"", NULL,
	"alias",
	 /* Standard ksh aliases */
	  "hash=alias -t",	/* not "alias -t --": hash -r needs to work */
	  "type=whence -v",
	  "stop=kill -STOP",
	  "suspend=kill -STOP $$",
	  "autoload=typeset -fu",
	  "functions=typeset -f",
	  "history=fc -l",
	  "integer=typeset -i",
	  "nohup=nohup ",
	  "local=typeset",
	  "r=fc -e -",
	 /* Aliases that are builtin commands in at&t */
	  "login=exec login",
	  NULL,
	 /* this is what at&t ksh seems to track, with the addition of emacs */
	"alias", "-tU",
	  "cat", "cc", "chmod", "cp", "date", "ed", "emacs", "grep", "ls",
	  "make", "mv", "pr", "rm", "sed", "sh", "vi", "who", NULL,
	NULL
};

static int initio_done;

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i;
	int argi;
	Source *s;
	struct block *l;
	int restricted, errexit;
	char **wp;
	struct env env;
	pid_t ppid;

	/* make sure argv[] is sane */
	if (!*argv) {
		static const char *empty_argv[] = {
			"mksh", NULL
		};

		argv = (char **) empty_argv;
		argc = 1;
	}
	kshname = *argv;

	ainit(&aperm);		/* initialize permanent Area */

	/* set up base environment */
	memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
	env.type = E_NONE;
	ainit(&env.area);
	e = &env;
	newblock();		/* set up global l->vars and l->funs */

	/* Do this first so output routines (eg, errorf, shellf) can work */
	initio();

	argi = parse_args(argv, OF_FIRSTTIME, NULL);
	if (argi < 0)
		exit(1);

	initvar();

	initctypes();

	inittraps();

	coproc_init();

	/* set up variable and command dictionaries */
	tinit(&taliases, APERM, 0);
	tinit(&aliases, APERM, 0);
	tinit(&homedirs, APERM, 0);

	/* define shell keywords */
	initkeywords();

	/* define built-in commands */
	tinit(&builtins, APERM, 64); /* must be 2^n (currently 40 builtins) */
	for (i = 0; shbuiltins[i].name != NULL; i++)
		builtin(shbuiltins[i].name, shbuiltins[i].func);
	for (i = 0; kshbuiltins[i].name != NULL; i++)
		builtin(kshbuiltins[i].name, kshbuiltins[i].func);

	init_histvec();

	def_path = _PATH_DEFPATH;
	{
		size_t len;
		char *new;

		if ((len = confstr(_CS_PATH, NULL, 0)) > 0) {
			confstr(_CS_PATH, new = alloc(len + 1, APERM), len + 1);
			def_path = new;
		}
	}

	/* Set PATH to def_path (will set the path global variable).
	 * (import of environment below will probably change this setting).
	 */
	{
		struct tbl *vp = global("PATH");
		/* setstr can't fail here */
		setstr(vp, def_path, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
	}


	/* Turn on nohup by default for now - will change to off
	 * by default once people are aware of its existence
	 * (at&t ksh does not have a nohup option - it always sends
	 * the hup).
	 */
	Flag(FNOHUP) = 1;

	/* Turn on brace expansion by default.  At&t kshs that have
	 * alternation always have it on.  BUT, posix doesn't have
	 * brace expansion, so set this before setting up FPOSIX
	 * (change_flag() clears FBRACEEXPAND when FPOSIX is set).
	 */
	Flag(FBRACEEXPAND) = 1;

	/* Check to see if we're /bin/sh. */
	if (!strcmp(&kshname[strlen(kshname) - 3], "/sh") ||
	    !strcmp(kshname, "sh") || !strcmp(kshname, "-sh"))
		Flag(FSH) = 1;

	/* Set edit mode to emacs by default, may be overridden
	 * by the environment or the user.  Also, we want tab completion
	 * on in vi by default. */
	change_flag(FEMACS, OF_SPECIAL, 1);
	Flag(FVITABCOMPLETE) = 1;

	/* import environment */
	if (environ != NULL)
		for (wp = environ; *wp != NULL; wp++)
			typeset(*wp, IMPORT|EXPORT, 0, 0, 0);

	kshpid = procpid = getpid();
	typeset(initifs, 0, 0, 0, 0);	/* for security */

	/* assign default shell variable values */
	substitute(initsubs, 0);

	/* Figure out the current working directory and set $PWD */
	{
		struct stat s_pwd, s_dot;
		struct tbl *pwd_v = global("PWD");
		char *pwd = str_val(pwd_v);
		char *pwdx = pwd;

		/* Try to use existing $PWD if it is valid */
		if (pwd[0] != '/' ||
		    stat(pwd, &s_pwd) < 0 || stat(".", &s_dot) < 0 ||
		    s_pwd.st_dev != s_dot.st_dev ||
		    s_pwd.st_ino != s_dot.st_ino)
			pwdx = NULL;
		set_current_wd(pwdx);
		if (current_wd[0])
			simplify_path(current_wd);
		/* Only set pwd if we know where we are or if it had a
		 * bogus value
		 */
		if (current_wd[0] || pwd != null)
			/* setstr can't fail here */
			setstr(pwd_v, current_wd, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
	}
	ppid = getppid();
#if !HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
	srand((*((long *)kshname)) ^ ((long)time(NULL) * kshpid * ppid));
#endif
	setint(global("PPID"), (long) ppid);
	/* setstr can't fail here */
	if (!Flag(FSH))
		setstr(global("KSH_VERSION"), ksh_version, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);

	/* execute initialisation statements */
	for (wp = (char**) initcoms; *wp != NULL; wp++) {
		shcomexec(wp);
		for (; *wp != NULL; wp++)
			;
	}

	ksheuid = geteuid();
	kshuid = getuid();
	kshegid = getegid();
	kshgid = getgid();

	safe_prompt = ksheuid ? "$ " : "# ";
	{
		struct tbl *vp = global("PS1");

		/* Set PS1 if it isn't set, or we are root and prompt doesn't
		 * contain a #.
		 */
		if (!(vp->flag & ISSET) ||
		    (!ksheuid && !strchr(str_val(vp), '#')))
			/* setstr can't fail here */
			setstr(vp, safe_prompt, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
	}

	/* Set this before parsing arguments */
	Flag(FPRIVILEGED) = kshuid != ksheuid || kshgid != kshegid;

	/* this to note if monitor is set on command line (see below) */
	Flag(FMONITOR) = 127;
	argi = parse_args(argv, OF_CMDLINE, NULL);
	if (argi < 0)
		exit(1);

	if (Flag(FCOMMAND)) {
		s = pushs(SSTRING, ATEMP);
		if (!(s->start = s->str = argv[argi++]))
			errorf("-c requires an argument");
		if (argv[argi])
			kshname = argv[argi++];
	} else if (argi < argc && !Flag(FSTDIN)) {
		s = pushs(SFILE, ATEMP);
		s->file = kshname = argv[argi++];
		s->u.shf = shf_open(s->file, O_RDONLY, 0, SHF_MAPHI|SHF_CLEXEC);
		if (s->u.shf == NULL) {
			exstat = 127; /* POSIX */
			errorf("%s: %s", s->file, strerror(errno));
		}
	} else {
		Flag(FSTDIN) = 1;
		s = pushs(SSTDIN, ATEMP);
		s->file = "<stdin>";
		s->u.shf = shf_fdopen(0, SHF_RD | can_seek(0),
		    NULL);
		if (isatty(0) && isatty(2)) {
			Flag(FTALKING) = Flag(FTALKING_I) = 1;
			/* The following only if isatty(0) */
			s->flags |= SF_TTY;
			s->u.shf->flags |= SHF_INTERRUPT;
			s->file = NULL;
		}
	}

	/* This bizarreness is mandated by POSIX */
	{
		struct stat s_stdin;

		if (fstat(0, &s_stdin) >= 0 && S_ISCHR(s_stdin.st_mode) &&
		    Flag(FTALKING))
			reset_nonblock(0);
	}

	/* initialize job control */
	i = Flag(FMONITOR) != 127;
	Flag(FMONITOR) = 0;
	j_init(i);
	/* Do this after j_init(), as tty_fd is not initialized 'til then */
	if (Flag(FTALKING))
		x_init();

	l = e->loc;
	l->argv = &argv[argi - 1];
	l->argc = argc - argi;
	l->argv[0] = (char *) kshname;
	getopts_reset(1);

	/* Disable during .profile/ENV reading */
	restricted = Flag(FRESTRICTED);
	Flag(FRESTRICTED) = 0;
	errexit = Flag(FERREXIT);
	Flag(FERREXIT) = 0;

	/* Do this before profile/$ENV so that if it causes problems in them,
	 * user will know why things broke.
	 */
	if (!current_wd[0] && Flag(FTALKING))
		warningf(false, "Cannot determine current working directory");

	if (Flag(FLOGIN)) {
		include(KSH_SYSTEM_PROFILE, 0, NULL, 1);
		if (!Flag(FPRIVILEGED))
			include(substitute("$HOME/.profile", 0), 0,
			    NULL, 1);
	}

	if (Flag(FPRIVILEGED))
		include("/etc/suid_profile", 0, NULL, 1);
	else {
		char *env_file;

		/* include $ENV */
		env_file = substitute(str_val(global("ENV")), DOTILDE);
		if (*env_file != '\0')
			include(env_file, 0, NULL, 1);
	}

	if (is_restricted(argv[0]) || is_restricted(str_val(global("SHELL"))))
		restricted = 1;
	if (restricted) {
		static const char *const restr_com[] = {
			"typeset", "-r", "PATH",
			"ENV", "SHELL",
			NULL
		};
		shcomexec((char **) restr_com);
		/* After typeset command... */
		Flag(FRESTRICTED) = 1;
	}
	if (errexit)
		Flag(FERREXIT) = 1;

	if (Flag(FTALKING)) {
		hist_init(s);
		alarm_init();
	} else
		Flag(FTRACKALL) = 1;	/* set after ENV */

	shell(s, true);	/* doesn't return */
	return 0;
}

int
include(const char *name, int argc, char **argv, int intr_ok)
{
	Source *volatile s = NULL;
	struct shf *shf;
	char **volatile old_argv;
	volatile int old_argc;
	int i;

	shf = shf_open(name, O_RDONLY, 0, SHF_MAPHI|SHF_CLEXEC);
	if (shf == NULL)
		return -1;

	if (argv) {
		old_argv = e->loc->argv;
		old_argc = e->loc->argc;
	} else {
		old_argv = NULL;
		old_argc = 0;
	}
	newenv(E_INCL);
	i = sigsetjmp(e->jbuf, 0);
	if (i) {
		quitenv(s ? s->u.shf : NULL);
		if (old_argv) {
			e->loc->argv = old_argv;
			e->loc->argc = old_argc;
		}
		switch (i) {
		case LRETURN:
		case LERROR:
			return exstat & 0xff; /* see below */
		case LINTR:
			/* intr_ok is set if we are including .profile or $ENV.
			 * If user ^Cs out, we don't want to kill the shell...
			 */
			if (intr_ok && (exstat - 128) != SIGTERM)
				return 1;
			/* fall through... */
		case LEXIT:
		case LLEAVE:
		case LSHELL:
			unwind(i);
			/*NOREACHED*/
		default:
			internal_errorf(1, "include: %d", i);
			/*NOREACHED*/
		}
	}
	if (argv) {
		e->loc->argv = argv;
		e->loc->argc = argc;
	}
	s = pushs(SFILE, ATEMP);
	s->u.shf = shf;
	s->file = str_save(name, ATEMP);
	i = shell(s, false);
	quitenv(s->u.shf);
	if (old_argv) {
		e->loc->argv = old_argv;
		e->loc->argc = old_argc;
	}
	return i & 0xff;	/* & 0xff to ensure value not -1 */
}

int
command(const char *comm)
{
	Source *s;

	s = pushs(SSTRING, ATEMP);
	s->start = s->str = comm;
	return shell(s, false);
}

/*
 * run the commands from the input source, returning status.
 */
int
shell(Source *volatile s, volatile int toplevel)
{
	struct op *t;
	volatile int wastty = s->flags & SF_TTY;
	volatile int attempts = 13;
	volatile int interactive = Flag(FTALKING) && toplevel;
	Source *volatile old_source = source;
	int i;

	newenv(E_PARSE);
	if (interactive)
		really_exit = 0;
	i = sigsetjmp(e->jbuf, 0);
	if (i) {
		switch (i) {
		case LINTR: /* we get here if SIGINT not caught or ignored */
		case LERROR:
		case LSHELL:
			if (interactive) {
				if (i == LINTR)
					shellf(newline);
				/* Reset any eof that was read as part of a
				 * multiline command.
				 */
				if (Flag(FIGNOREEOF) && s->type == SEOF &&
				    wastty)
					s->type = SSTDIN;
				/* Used by exit command to get back to
				 * top level shell.  Kind of strange since
				 * interactive is set if we are reading from
				 * a tty, but to have stopped jobs, one only
				 * needs FMONITOR set (not FTALKING/SF_TTY)...
				 */
				/* toss any input we have so far */
				s->start = s->str = null;
				break;
			}
			/* fall through... */
		case LEXIT:
		case LLEAVE:
		case LRETURN:
			source = old_source;
			quitenv(NULL);
			unwind(i);	/* keep on going */
			/*NOREACHED*/
		default:
			source = old_source;
			quitenv(NULL);
			internal_errorf(1, "shell: %d", i);
			/*NOREACHED*/
		}
	}

	while (1) {
		if (trap)
			runtraps(0);

		if (s->next == NULL) {
			if (Flag(FVERBOSE))
				s->flags |= SF_ECHO;
			else
				s->flags &= ~SF_ECHO;
		}

		if (interactive) {
			j_notify();
			set_prompt(PS1, s);
		}

		t = compile(s);
		if (t != NULL && t->type == TEOF) {
			if (wastty && Flag(FIGNOREEOF) && --attempts > 0) {
				shellf("Use 'exit' to leave ksh\n");
				s->type = SSTDIN;
			} else if (wastty && !really_exit &&
			    j_stopped_running()) {
				really_exit = 1;
				s->type = SSTDIN;
			} else {
				/* this for POSIX, which says EXIT traps
				 * shall be taken in the environment
				 * immediately after the last command
				 * executed.
				 */
				if (toplevel)
					unwind(LEXIT);
				break;
			}
		}

		if (t && (!Flag(FNOEXEC) || (s->flags & SF_TTY)))
			exstat = execute(t, 0);

		if (t != NULL && t->type != TEOF && interactive && really_exit)
			really_exit = 0;

		reclaim();
	}
	quitenv(NULL);
	source = old_source;
	return exstat;
}

/* return to closest error handler or shell(), exit if none found */
void
unwind(int i)
{
	/* ordering for EXIT vs ERR is a bit odd (this is what at&t ksh does) */
	if (i == LEXIT || (Flag(FERREXIT) && (i == LERROR || i == LINTR) &&
	    sigtraps[SIGEXIT_].trap)) {
		runtrap(&sigtraps[SIGEXIT_]);
		i = LLEAVE;
	} else if (Flag(FERREXIT) && (i == LERROR || i == LINTR)) {
		runtrap(&sigtraps[SIGERR_]);
		i = LLEAVE;
	}
	while (1) {
		switch (e->type) {
		case E_PARSE:
		case E_FUNC:
		case E_INCL:
		case E_LOOP:
		case E_ERRH:
			siglongjmp(e->jbuf, i);
			/*NOTREACHED*/

		case E_NONE:
			if (i == LINTR)
				e->flags |= EF_FAKE_SIGDIE;
			/* Fall through... */

		default:
			quitenv(NULL);
		}
	}
}

void
newenv(int type)
{
	struct env *ep;

	ep = (struct env *) alloc(sizeof(*ep), ATEMP);
	ep->type = type;
	ep->flags = 0;
	ainit(&ep->area);
	ep->loc = e->loc;
	ep->savefd = NULL;
	ep->oenv = e;
	ep->temps = NULL;
	e = ep;
}

void
quitenv(struct shf *shf)
{
	struct env *ep = e;
	int fd;

	if (ep->oenv && ep->oenv->loc != ep->loc)
		popblock();
	if (ep->savefd != NULL) {
		for (fd = 0; fd < NUFILE; fd++)
			/* if ep->savefd[fd] < 0, means fd was closed */
			if (ep->savefd[fd])
				restfd(fd, ep->savefd[fd]);
		if (ep->savefd[2]) /* Clear any write errors */
			shf_reopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_out);
	}

	/* Bottom of the stack.
	 * Either main shell is exiting or cleanup_parents_env() was called.
	 */
	if (ep->oenv == NULL) {
		if (ep->type == E_NONE) {	/* Main shell exiting? */
			if (Flag(FTALKING))
				hist_finish();
			j_exit();
			if (ep->flags & EF_FAKE_SIGDIE) {
				int sig = exstat - 128;

				/* ham up our death a bit (at&t ksh
				 * only seems to do this for SIGTERM)
				 * Don't do it for SIGQUIT, since we'd
				 * dump a core..
				 */
				if ((sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM) &&
				    getpgrp() == kshpid) {
					setsig(&sigtraps[sig], SIG_DFL,
					    SS_RESTORE_CURR|SS_FORCE);
					kill(0, sig);
				}
			}
		}
		if (shf)
			shf_close(shf);
		reclaim();
		exit(exstat);
	}
	if (shf)
		shf_close(shf);
	reclaim();

	e = e->oenv;
	afree(ep, ATEMP);
}

/* Called after a fork to cleanup stuff left over from parents environment */
void
cleanup_parents_env(void)
{
	struct env *ep;
	int fd;

	/* Don't clean up temporary files - parent will probably need them.
	 * Also, can't easily reclaim memory since variables, etc. could be
	 * anywhere.
	 */

	/* close all file descriptors hiding in savefd */
	for (ep = e; ep; ep = ep->oenv) {
		if (ep->savefd) {
			for (fd = 0; fd < NUFILE; fd++)
				if (ep->savefd[fd] > 0)
					close(ep->savefd[fd]);
			afree(ep->savefd, &ep->area);
			ep->savefd = NULL;
		}
	}
	e->oenv = NULL;
}

/* Called just before an execve cleanup stuff temporary files */
void
cleanup_proc_env(void)
{
	struct env *ep;

	for (ep = e; ep; ep = ep->oenv)
		remove_temps(ep->temps);
}

/* remove temp files and free ATEMP Area */
static void
reclaim(void)
{
	remove_temps(e->temps);
	e->temps = NULL;
	afreeall(&e->area);
}

static void
remove_temps(struct temp *tp)
{

	for (; tp != NULL; tp = tp->next)
		if (tp->pid == procpid) {
			unlink(tp->name);
		}
}

/* Returns true if name refers to a restricted shell */
static int
is_restricted(char *name)
{
	char *p;

	if ((p = strrchr(name, '/')))
		name = p;
	/* accepts rsh, rksh, rmksh, rpdksh, pdrksh, etc. */
	return (p = strchr(name, 'r')) && strstr(p, "sh") &&
	    !strstr(p-2, "mirbsdksh") && !strstr(p-2, "mirosksh");
}

void
aerror(Area *ap __attribute__((unused)), const char *msg)
{
	internal_errorf(1, "alloc: %s", msg);
	errorf(null); /* this is never executed - keeps gcc quiet */
	/*NOTREACHED*/
}

/* Initialize tty_fd.  Used for saving/reseting tty modes upon
 * foreground job completion and for setting up tty process group.
 */
void
tty_init(int init_ttystate)
{
	int	do_close = 1;
	int	tfd;

	if (tty_fd >= 0) {
		close(tty_fd);
		tty_fd = -1;
	}
	tty_devtty = 1;

	if ((tfd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR, 0)) < 0) {
		if (tfd < 0) {
			tty_devtty = 0;
			warningf(false,
			    "No controlling tty (open /dev/tty: %s)",
			    strerror(errno));
		}
	}

	if (tfd < 0) {
		do_close = 0;
		if (isatty(0))
			tfd = 0;
		else if (isatty(2))
			tfd = 2;
		else {
			warningf(false, "Can't find tty file descriptor");
			return;
		}
	}
	if ((tty_fd = fcntl(tfd, F_DUPFD, FDBASE)) < 0) {
		warningf(false, "j_ttyinit: dup of tty fd failed: %s",
		    strerror(errno));
	} else if (fcntl(tty_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
		warningf(false, "j_ttyinit: can't set close-on-exec flag: %s",
		    strerror(errno));
		close(tty_fd);
		tty_fd = -1;
	} else if (init_ttystate)
		tcgetattr(tty_fd, &tty_state);
	if (do_close)
		close(tfd);
}

void
tty_close(void)
{
	if (tty_fd >= 0) {
		close(tty_fd);
		tty_fd = -1;
	}
}

/* A shell error occurred (eg, syntax error, etc.) */
void
errorf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list va;

	shl_stdout_ok = 0;	/* debugging: note that stdout not valid */
	exstat = 1;
	if (*fmt) {
		error_prefix(true);
		va_start(va, fmt);
		shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
		va_end(va);
		shf_putchar('\n', shl_out);
	}
	shf_flush(shl_out);
	unwind(LERROR);
}

/* like errorf(), but no unwind is done */
void
warningf(int fileline, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list va;

	error_prefix(fileline);
	va_start(va, fmt);
	shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
	va_end(va);
	shf_putchar('\n', shl_out);
	shf_flush(shl_out);
}

/* Used by built-in utilities to prefix shell and utility name to message
 * (also unwinds environments for special builtins).
 */
void
bi_errorf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list va;

	shl_stdout_ok = 0;	/* debugging: note that stdout not valid */
	exstat = 1;
	if (*fmt) {
		error_prefix(true);
		/* not set when main() calls parse_args() */
		if (builtin_argv0)
			shf_fprintf(shl_out, "%s: ", builtin_argv0);
		va_start(va, fmt);
		shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
		va_end(va);
		shf_putchar('\n', shl_out);
	}
	shf_flush(shl_out);
	/* POSIX special builtins and ksh special builtins cause
	 * non-interactive shells to exit.
	 * XXX odd use of KEEPASN; also may not want LERROR here
	 */
	if ((builtin_flag & SPEC_BI) ||
	    (Flag(FPOSIX) && (builtin_flag & KEEPASN))) {
		builtin_argv0 = NULL;
		unwind(LERROR);
	}
}

/* Called when something that shouldn't happen does */
void
internal_errorf(int jump, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list va;

	error_prefix(true);
	shf_fprintf(shl_out, "internal error: ");
	va_start(va, fmt);
	shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
	va_end(va);
	shf_putchar('\n', shl_out);
	shf_flush(shl_out);
	if (jump)
		unwind(LERROR);
}

/* used by error reporting functions to print "ksh: .kshrc[25]: " */
void
error_prefix(int fileline)
{
	/* Avoid foo: foo[2]: ... */
	if (!fileline || !source || !source->file ||
	    strcmp(source->file, kshname) != 0)
		shf_fprintf(shl_out, "%s: ", kshname + (*kshname == '-'));
	if (fileline && source && source->file != NULL) {
		shf_fprintf(shl_out, "%s[%d]: ", source->file,
		    source->errline > 0 ? source->errline : source->line);
		source->errline = 0;
	}
}

/* printf to shl_out (stderr) with flush */
void
shellf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list va;

	if (!initio_done) /* shl_out may not be set up yet... */
		return;
	va_start(va, fmt);
	shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
	va_end(va);
	shf_flush(shl_out);
}

/* printf to shl_stdout (stdout) */
void
shprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list va;

	if (!shl_stdout_ok)
		internal_errorf(1, "shl_stdout not valid");
	va_start(va, fmt);
	shf_vfprintf(shl_stdout, fmt, va);
	va_end(va);
}

/* test if we can seek backwards fd (returns 0 or SHF_UNBUF) */
int
can_seek(int fd)
{
	struct stat statb;

	return fstat(fd, &statb) == 0 && !S_ISREG(statb.st_mode) ?
	    SHF_UNBUF : 0;
}

struct shf	shf_iob[3];

void
initio(void)
{
	shf_fdopen(1, SHF_WR, shl_stdout);	/* force buffer allocation */
	shf_fdopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_out);
	shf_fdopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_spare);	/* force buffer allocation */
	initio_done = 1;
}

/* A dup2() with error checking */
int
ksh_dup2(int ofd, int nfd, int errok)
{
	int ret = dup2(ofd, nfd);

	if (ret < 0 && errno != EBADF && !errok)
		errorf("too many files open in shell");

	return ret;
}

/*
 * move fd from user space (0<=fd<10) to shell space (fd>=10),
 * set close-on-exec flag.
 */
int
savefd(int fd, int noclose)
{
	int nfd;

	if (fd < FDBASE) {
		nfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, FDBASE);
		if (nfd < 0) {
			if (errno == EBADF)
				return -1;
			else
				errorf("too many files open in shell");
		}
		if (!noclose)
			close(fd);
	} else
		nfd = fd;
	fcntl(nfd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
	return nfd;
}

void
restfd(int fd, int ofd)
{
	if (fd == 2)
		shf_flush(&shf_iob[fd]);
	if (ofd < 0)		/* original fd closed */
		close(fd);
	else if (fd != ofd) {
		ksh_dup2(ofd, fd, true); /* XXX: what to do if this fails? */
		close(ofd);
	}
}

void
openpipe(int *pv)
{
	if (pipe(pv) < 0)
		errorf("can't create pipe - try again");
	pv[0] = savefd(pv[0], 0);
	pv[1] = savefd(pv[1], 0);
}

void
closepipe(int *pv)
{
	close(pv[0]);
	close(pv[1]);
}

/* Called by iosetup() (deals with 2>&4, etc.), c_read, c_print to turn
 * a string (the X in 2>&X, read -uX, print -uX) into a file descriptor.
 */
int
check_fd(char *name, int mode, const char **emsgp)
{
	int fd, fl;

	if (isdigit(name[0]) && !name[1]) {
		fd = name[0] - '0';
		if ((fl = fcntl(fd = name[0] - '0', F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) {
			if (emsgp)
				*emsgp = "bad file descriptor";
			return -1;
		}
		fl &= O_ACCMODE;
		/* X_OK is a kludge to disable this check for dups (x<&1):
		 * historical shells never did this check (XXX don't know what
		 * posix has to say).
		 */
		if (!(mode & X_OK) && fl != O_RDWR &&
		    (((mode & R_OK) && fl != O_RDONLY) ||
		    ((mode & W_OK) && fl != O_WRONLY))) {
			if (emsgp)
				*emsgp = (fl == O_WRONLY) ?
				    "fd not open for reading" :
				    "fd not open for writing";
			return -1;
		}
		return fd;
	} else if (name[0] == 'p' && !name[1])
		return coproc_getfd(mode, emsgp);
	if (emsgp)
		*emsgp = "illegal file descriptor name";
	return -1;
}

/* Called once from main */
void
coproc_init(void)
{
	coproc.read = coproc.readw = coproc.write = -1;
	coproc.njobs = 0;
	coproc.id = 0;
}

/* Called by c_read() when eof is read - close fd if it is the co-process fd */
void
coproc_read_close(int fd)
{
	if (coproc.read >= 0 && fd == coproc.read) {
		coproc_readw_close(fd);
		close(coproc.read);
		coproc.read = -1;
	}
}

/* Called by c_read() and by iosetup() to close the other side of the
 * read pipe, so reads will actually terminate.
 */
void
coproc_readw_close(int fd)
{
	if (coproc.readw >= 0 && coproc.read >= 0 && fd == coproc.read) {
		close(coproc.readw);
		coproc.readw = -1;
	}
}

/* Called by c_print when a write to a fd fails with EPIPE and by iosetup
 * when co-process input is dup'd
 */
void
coproc_write_close(int fd)
{
	if (coproc.write >= 0 && fd == coproc.write) {
		close(coproc.write);
		coproc.write = -1;
	}
}

/* Called to check for existence of/value of the co-process file descriptor.
 * (Used by check_fd() and by c_read/c_print to deal with -p option).
 */
int
coproc_getfd(int mode, const char **emsgp)
{
	int fd = (mode & R_OK) ? coproc.read : coproc.write;

	if (fd >= 0)
		return fd;
	if (emsgp)
		*emsgp = "no coprocess";
	return -1;
}

/* called to close file descriptors related to the coprocess (if any)
 * Should be called with SIGCHLD blocked.
 */
void
coproc_cleanup(int reuse)
{
	/* This to allow co-processes to share output pipe */
	if (!reuse || coproc.readw < 0 || coproc.read < 0) {
		if (coproc.read >= 0) {
			close(coproc.read);
			coproc.read = -1;
		}
		if (coproc.readw >= 0) {
			close(coproc.readw);
			coproc.readw = -1;
		}
	}
	if (coproc.write >= 0) {
		close(coproc.write);
		coproc.write = -1;
	}
}

struct temp *
maketemp(Area *ap, Temp_type type, struct temp **tlist)
{
	struct temp *tp;
	int len;
	int fd;
	char *pathname;
	const char *dir;

	dir = tmpdir ? tmpdir : "/tmp";
	len = strlen(dir) + 6 + 10 + 1;
	tp = (struct temp *) alloc(sizeof(struct temp) + len, ap);
	tp->name = pathname = (char *) &tp[1];
	tp->shf = NULL;
	tp->type = type;
	shf_snprintf(pathname, len, "%s/mksh.XXXXXXXXXX", dir);
	if ((fd = mkstemp(pathname)) >= 0)
		tp->shf = shf_fdopen(fd, SHF_WR, NULL);
	tp->pid = procpid;

	tp->next = *tlist;
	*tlist = tp;
	return tp;
}

#define	INIT_TBLS	8	/* initial table size (power of 2) */

static void	texpand(struct table *, int);
static int	tnamecmp(void *, void *);

unsigned int
hash(const char *n)
{
	unsigned int h = 0;

	while (*n != '\0')
		h = 2*h + *n++;
	return h * 32821;	/* scatter bits */
}

void
tinit(struct table *tp, Area *ap, int tsize)
{
	tp->areap = ap;
	tp->tbls = NULL;
	tp->size = tp->nfree = 0;
	if (tsize)
		texpand(tp, tsize);
}

static void
texpand(struct table *tp, int nsize)
{
	int i;
	struct tbl *tblp, **p;
	struct tbl **ntblp, **otblp = tp->tbls;
	int osize = tp->size;

	ntblp = (struct tbl**) alloc(sizeofN(struct tbl *, nsize), tp->areap);
	for (i = 0; i < nsize; i++)
		ntblp[i] = NULL;
	tp->size = nsize;
	tp->nfree = 8*nsize/10;	/* table can get 80% full */
	tp->tbls = ntblp;
	if (otblp == NULL)
		return;
	for (i = 0; i < osize; i++)
		if ((tblp = otblp[i]) != NULL) {
			if ((tblp->flag&DEFINED)) {
				for (p = &ntblp[hash(tblp->name) &
				    (tp->size-1)]; *p != NULL; p--)
					if (p == ntblp) /* wrap */
						p += tp->size;
				*p = tblp;
				tp->nfree--;
			} else if (!(tblp->flag & FINUSE)) {
				afree((void*)tblp, tp->areap);
			}
		}
	afree((void*)otblp, tp->areap);
}

/* table */
/* name to enter */
/* hash(n) */
struct tbl *
tsearch(struct table *tp, const char *n, unsigned int h)
{
	struct tbl **pp, *p;

	if (tp->size == 0)
		return NULL;

	/* search for name in hashed table */
	for (pp = &tp->tbls[h & (tp->size-1)]; (p = *pp) != NULL; pp--) {
		if (*p->name == *n && strcmp(p->name, n) == 0 &&
		    (p->flag&DEFINED))
			return p;
		if (pp == tp->tbls) /* wrap */
			pp += tp->size;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* table */
/* name to enter */
/* hash(n) */
struct tbl *
tenter(struct table *tp, const char *n, unsigned int h)
{
	struct tbl **pp, *p;
	int len;

	if (tp->size == 0)
		texpand(tp, INIT_TBLS);
  Search:
	/* search for name in hashed table */
	for (pp = &tp->tbls[h & (tp->size-1)]; (p = *pp) != NULL; pp--) {
		if (*p->name == *n && strcmp(p->name, n) == 0)
			return p;	/* found */
		if (pp == tp->tbls) /* wrap */
			pp += tp->size;
	}

	if (tp->nfree <= 0) {	/* too full */
		texpand(tp, 2*tp->size);
		goto Search;
	}

	/* create new tbl entry */
	len = strlen(n) + 1;
	p = (struct tbl *) alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + len,
				 tp->areap);
	p->flag = 0;
	p->type = 0;
	p->areap = tp->areap;
	p->u2.field = 0;
	p->u.array = NULL;
	memcpy(p->name, n, len);

	/* enter in tp->tbls */
	tp->nfree--;
	*pp = p;
	return p;
}

void
tdelete(struct tbl *p)
{
	p->flag = 0;
}

void
twalk(struct tstate *ts, struct table *tp)
{
	ts->left = tp->size;
	ts->next = tp->tbls;
}

struct tbl *
tnext(struct tstate *ts)
{
	while (--ts->left >= 0) {
		struct tbl *p = *ts->next++;
		if (p != NULL && (p->flag&DEFINED))
			return p;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static int
tnamecmp(void *p1, void *p2)
{
	return strcmp(((struct tbl *)p1)->name, ((struct tbl *)p2)->name);
}

struct tbl **
tsort(struct table *tp)
{
	int i;
	struct tbl **p, **sp, **dp;

	p = (struct tbl **)alloc(sizeofN(struct tbl *, tp->size+1), ATEMP);
	sp = tp->tbls;		/* source */
	dp = p;			/* dest */
	for (i = 0; i < tp->size; i++)
		if ((*dp = *sp++) != NULL && (((*dp)->flag&DEFINED) ||
		    ((*dp)->flag&ARRAY)))
			dp++;
	i = dp - p;
	qsortp((void**)p, (size_t)i, tnamecmp);
	p[i] = NULL;
	return p;
}