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• finally, the code and manual page text to deprecate, and code to not handle any more, octal 010 style constants, as promised • overhaul the manpage re. arithmetic expressions, make the guarantees mksh code has explicitly, precisely, clear • to reduce burden of the compiler, getint() now operates on mksh_uari_t internally; it already applied the sign after operation, anyway (C99 guarantees wraparound on unsigned types, but for signed types we need specific compiler support; apparently, this comes from hardware limits) • use const and shuffle order of locals around while here
2011-12-10 14:34:19 +01:00
.\" $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/mksh.1,v 1.281 2011/12/10 13:34:16 tg Exp $
remaining sync with oksh (pointless rcsid, no code diff)
2011-10-07 21:51:29 +02:00
.\" $OpenBSD: ksh.1,v 1.141 2011/09/03 22:59:08 jmc Exp $
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.\"-
New functionality: assign here document to string variable directly, without cat and temp files. Hacked in Lëtzebuerg ☺ This was the third try. Where to put this was not palpable… same for =(…)
2011-01-09 22:57:29 +01:00
.\" Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
.\" 2010, 2011
• sync distrib/special/mksh/Makefile with bin/mksh/Build.sh and fix the regression test’s results while here, which have been broken since cid 10049D9BE5254CE65B8 • get rid of separate copyright file which was intended for De- bian; track down commits in all files of oksh-mirbsd and mksh to get correct copyright years per-file, as is BSD custom
2009-05-16 18:59:42 +02:00
.\" Thorsten Glaser <tg@mirbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
.\" are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
.\" is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
.\" limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
.\" merge, give away, or sublicence.
.\"
.\" This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
.\" the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
.\" implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
.\" may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
.\" direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
.\" of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
.\" damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
.\" of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
.\"-
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.\" Try to make GNU groff and AT&T nroff more compatible
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.\" * ` generates ‘ in gnroff, so use \`
.\" * ' generates ’ in gnroff, \' generates ´, so use \*(aq
.\" * - generates ‐ in gnroff, \- generates −, so .tr it to -
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.\" thus use - for hyphens and \- for minus signs and option dashes
.\" * ~ is size-reduced and placed atop in groff, so use \*(TI
.\" * ^ is size-reduced and placed atop in groff, so use \*(ha
.\" * \(en does not work in nroff, so use \*(en
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.\" The section after the "doc" macropackage has been loaded contains
.\" additional code to convene between the UCB mdoc macropackage (and
.\" its variant as BSD mdoc in groff) and the GNU mdoc macropackage.
.\"
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.ie \n(.g \{\
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
. if \*[.T]ascii .tr \-\N'45'
. if \*[.T]latin1 .tr \-\N'45'
. if \*[.T]utf8 .tr \-\N'45'
. ds <= \[<=]
. ds >= \[>=]
. ds Rq \[rq]
. ds Lq \[lq]
. ds sL \(aq
. ds sR \(aq
. if \*[.T]utf8 .ds sL `
. if \*[.T]ps .ds sL `
. if \*[.T]utf8 .ds sR '
. if \*[.T]ps .ds sR '
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
. ds aq \(aq
. ds TI \(ti
. ds ha \(ha
. ds en \(en
.\}
.el \{\
. ds aq '
. ds TI ~
. ds ha ^
. ds en \(em
.\}
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.\"
use $Mdocdate here, too (extend .Dd of GNU groff first)
2008-02-29 12:03:55 +01:00
.\" Implement .Dd with the Mdocdate RCS keyword
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.\"
use $Mdocdate here, too (extend .Dd of GNU groff first)
2008-02-29 12:03:55 +01:00
.rn Dd xD
.de Dd
two small fixes: ① cvs doesn’t like me; ② .Nm only takes one word argument
2008-02-29 19:20:16 +01:00
.ie \\$1$Mdocdate: \{\
. xD \\$2 \\$3, \\$4
.\}
use $Mdocdate here, too (extend .Dd of GNU groff first)
2008-02-29 12:03:55 +01:00
.el .xD \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8
..
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.\"
.\" .Dd must come before definition of .Mx, because when called
.\" with -mandoc, it might implement .Mx itself, but we want to
.\" use our own definition. And .Dd must come *first*, always.
.\"
• finally, the code and manual page text to deprecate, and code to not handle any more, octal 010 style constants, as promised • overhaul the manpage re. arithmetic expressions, make the guarantees mksh code has explicitly, precisely, clear • to reduce burden of the compiler, getint() now operates on mksh_uari_t internally; it already applied the sign after operation, anyway (C99 guarantees wraparound on unsigned types, but for signed types we need specific compiler support; apparently, this comes from hardware limits) • use const and shuffle order of locals around while here
2011-12-10 14:34:19 +01:00
.Dd $Mdocdate: December 10 2011 $
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.\"
.\" Check which macro package we use
.\"
.ie \n(.g \{\
. ie d volume-ds-1 .ds tT gnu
. el .ds tT bsd
.\}
.el .ds tT ucb
.\"
.\" Implement .Mx (MirBSD)
.\"
.ie "\*(tT"gnu" \{\
. eo
. de Mx
. nr curr-font \n[.f]
. nr curr-size \n[.ps]
. ds str-Mx \f[\n[curr-font]]\s[\n[curr-size]u]
. ds str-Mx1 \*[Tn-font-size]\%MirOS\*[str-Mx]
. if !\n[arg-limit] \
. if \n[.$] \{\
. ds macro-name Mx
. parse-args \$@
. \}
. if (\n[arg-limit] > \n[arg-ptr]) \{\
. nr arg-ptr +1
. ie (\n[type\n[arg-ptr]] == 2) \
. as str-Mx1 \~\*[arg\n[arg-ptr]]
. el \
. nr arg-ptr -1
. \}
. ds arg\n[arg-ptr] "\*[str-Mx1]
. nr type\n[arg-ptr] 2
. ds space\n[arg-ptr] "\*[space]
. nr num-args (\n[arg-limit] - \n[arg-ptr])
. nr arg-limit \n[arg-ptr]
. if \n[num-args] \
. parse-space-vector
. print-recursive
..
. ec
. ds sP \s0
. ds tN \*[Tn-font-size]
.\}
.el \{\
. de Mx
. nr cF \\n(.f
. nr cZ \\n(.s
. ds aa \&\f\\n(cF\s\\n(cZ
. if \\n(aC==0 \{\
. ie \\n(.$==0 \&MirOS\\*(aa
. el .aV \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
. \}
. if \\n(aC>\\n(aP \{\
. nr aP \\n(aP+1
. ie \\n(C\\n(aP==2 \{\
. as b1 \&MirOS\ #\&\\*(A\\n(aP\\*(aa
. ie \\n(aC>\\n(aP \{\
. nr aP \\n(aP+1
. nR
. \}
. el .aZ
. \}
. el \{\
. as b1 \&MirOS\\*(aa
. nR
. \}
. \}
..
.\}
use $Mdocdate here, too (extend .Dd of GNU groff first)
2008-02-29 12:03:55 +01:00
.\"-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Dt MKSH 1
mirbsd
2006-01-27 11:59:30 +01:00
.Os MirBSD
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sh NAME
while mksh isn't designed to run as sh(1) it _can_ do it, and in fact, Han Boetes even uses it as /bin/sh on CRUX GNU/Linux
2006-07-21 23:47:43 +02:00
.Nm mksh ,
.Nm sh
get rid of $PGRP get rid of special bourne-shell emulating mode
2005-07-04 14:34:24 +02:00
.Nd MirBSD Korn shell
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Bk -words
make this R29(beta), mksh -U turn on (or setlocale), and document.
2006-11-05 18:01:47 +01:00
.Op Fl +abCefhiklmnprUuvXx
support dæmonisation in mksh, for example | csh -cf '/command/svscanboot &' and | /usr/mpkg/bin/pgrphack /usr/mpkg/bin/svscanboot & can now be replaced with | /bin/mksh -T- /usr/mpkg/bin/svscanboot
2008-03-23 23:09:59 +01:00
.Op Fl T Ar /dev/ttyCn | \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Fl +o Ar option
partial obsd sync: - remove some old groff workarounds in SYNOPSIS - avoid "Op ... Oc" constructions except where the latter doesn’t work with nroff
2010-09-24 22:21:43 +02:00
.Oo
.Fl c Ar string \*(Ba
.Fl s \*(Ba
.Ar file
.Op Ar argument ...
.Oc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ek
• more comment and int→bool cleanup, add and improve some comments • in interactive mode, always look up {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables if setlocale/nl_langinfo(CODESET) doesn’t suffice • add the ability to call any builtin (some don't make sense or wouldn't work) directly by analysing argv[0] • for direct builtin calls, the {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables determine utf8-mode, even if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 was set • when called as builtin, echo behaves POSIXish • add domainname as alias for true on MirBSD only, to be able to link it • sync mksh Makefiles with Build.sh output • adjust manpage wrt release plans • link some things to mksh now that we have callable builtins: bin/echo bin/kill bin/pwd bin/sleep (exact matches) bin/test bin/[ (were scripts before) bin/domainname=usr/bin/true usr/bin/false (move to /bin/ now) • drop linked utilities and, except for echo and kill, their manpages • adjust instbin and link a few more there as well
2011-02-11 02:18:23 +01:00
.Nm builtin-name
.Op Ar argument ...
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a command interpreter intended for both interactive and shell
script use.
Its command language is a superset of the
.Xr sh C
shell language and largely compatible to the original Korn shell.
.Pp
• more comment and int→bool cleanup, add and improve some comments • in interactive mode, always look up {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables if setlocale/nl_langinfo(CODESET) doesn’t suffice • add the ability to call any builtin (some don't make sense or wouldn't work) directly by analysing argv[0] • for direct builtin calls, the {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables determine utf8-mode, even if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 was set • when called as builtin, echo behaves POSIXish • add domainname as alias for true on MirBSD only, to be able to link it • sync mksh Makefiles with Build.sh output • adjust manpage wrt release plans • link some things to mksh now that we have callable builtins: bin/echo bin/kill bin/pwd bin/sleep (exact matches) bin/test bin/[ (were scripts before) bin/domainname=usr/bin/true usr/bin/false (move to /bin/ now) • drop linked utilities and, except for echo and kill, their manpages • adjust instbin and link a few more there as well
2011-02-11 02:18:23 +01:00
Most builtins can be called directly, for example if a link points from its
name to the shell; not all make sense, have been tested or work at all though.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The options are as follows:
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width XcXstring
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl c Ar string
.Nm
will execute the command(s) contained in
.Ar string .
.It Fl i
Interactive shell.
A shell is
.Dq interactive
if this
option is used or if both standard input and standard error are attached
to a
.Xr tty 4 .
An interactive shell has job control enabled, ignores the
.Dv SIGINT ,
.Dv SIGQUIT ,
and
.Dv SIGTERM
signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see the
.Ev PS1
and
.Ev PS2
parameters).
mention interactive shells processing ~/.mkshrc
2007-10-14 15:43:17 +02:00
It also processes the
.Ev ENV
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
parameter or the
.Pa mkshrc
file (see below).
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
For non-interactive shells, the
.Ic trackall
option is on by default (see the
.Ic set
command below).
.It Fl l
Login shell.
If the basename the shell is called with (i.e. argv[0])
starts with
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or if this option is used,
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
the shell is assumed to be a login shell; see
.Sx Startup files
below.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl p
Privileged shell.
A shell is
.Dq privileged
if this option is used
or if the real user ID or group ID does not match the
effective user ID or group ID (see
.Xr getuid 2
and
.Xr getgid 2 ) .
Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set
its effective user ID (group ID) to its real user ID (group ID).
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
For further implications, see
.Sx Startup files .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl r
Restricted shell.
A shell is
.Dq restricted
if this
mksh no longer looks at its own called name or $SHELL to determine if it should be a restricted shell
2005-07-04 13:57:55 +02:00
option is used.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes any
profile and
.Ev ENV
files:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
The
.Ic cd
add the chdir builtin from mircvs://contrib/hosted/tg/deb/mksh/ for better dash compatibility (mksh is now a dash superset if printf is compiled in)
2009-08-30 23:02:01 +02:00
.Po and Ic chdir Pc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
command is disabled.
.It
The
.Ev SHELL ,
.Ev ENV ,
and
.Ev PATH
parameters cannot be changed.
.It
Command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths.
.It
The
.Fl p
option of the built-in command
.Ic command
can't be used.
.It
Redirections that create files can't be used (i.e.\&
.Ql \*(Gt ,
.Ql \*(Gt\*(Ba ,
.Ql \*(Gt\*(Gt ,
.Ql \*(Lt\*(Gt ) .
.El
.It Fl s
The shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
are positional parameters.
.It Fl T Ar tty
Spawn
.Nm
on the
.Xr tty 4
device given.
Superuser only.
support dæmonisation in mksh, for example | csh -cf '/command/svscanboot &' and | /usr/mpkg/bin/pgrphack /usr/mpkg/bin/svscanboot & can now be replaced with | /bin/mksh -T- /usr/mpkg/bin/svscanboot
2008-03-23 23:09:59 +01:00
If
.Ar tty
is a dash, detach from controlling terminal (daemonise) instead.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
In addition to the above, the options described in the
.Ic set
built-in command can also be used on the command line:
both
.Op Fl +abCefhkmnuvXx
and
.Op Fl +o Ar option
can be used for single letter or long options, respectively.
.Pp
If neither the
.Fl c
nor the
.Fl s
option is specified, the first non-option argument specifies the name
of a file the shell reads commands from.
If there are no non-option
arguments, the shell reads commands from the standard input.
The name of the shell (i.e. the contents of $0)
is determined as follows: if the
.Fl c
option is used and there is a non-option argument, it is used as the name;
if commands are being read from a file, the file is used as the name;
otherwise, the basename the shell was called with (i.e. argv[0]) is used.
.Pp
The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
occurred during the execution of a script.
In the absence of fatal errors,
the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
command is executed.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
.Ss Startup files
For the actual location of these files, see
.Sx FILES .
A login shell processes the system profile first.
A privileged shell then processes the suid profile.
A non-privileged login shell processes the user profile next.
A non-privileged interactive shell checks the value of the
.Ev ENV
parameter after subjecting it to parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde
.Pq Sq \*(TI
substitution; if unset or empty, the user mkshrc profile is processed;
otherwise, if a file whose name is the substitution result exists,
it is processed; non-existence is silently ignored.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ss Command syntax
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
The shell begins parsing its input by removing any backslash-newline
combinations, then breaking it into
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Em words .
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
Words (which are sequences of characters) are delimited by unquoted whitespace
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
.Po
.Ql \*(Lt ,
.Ql \*(Gt ,
.Ql \*(Ba ,
.Ql \&; ,
work around a bug in the GNU implementation of the Berkeley mdoc macros cought by crib in IRC, thanks (our textproc/groff port is unaffected since it uses the MirOS implementation, a BSD derived one with fixes, by default instead but can reproduce the defect with -mgdoc instead of -mdoc as parametre)
2006-11-16 14:05:39 +01:00
.Ql \&( ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql \&) ,
and
.Ql &
.Pc .
Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while newlines
usually delimit commands.
The meta-characters are used in building the following
.Em tokens :
.Ql \*(Lt ,
.Ql \*(Lt& ,
.Ql \*(Lt\*(Lt ,
implement “here strings”
2008-02-26 21:43:11 +01:00
.Ql \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql \*(Gt ,
.Ql \*(Gt& ,
.Ql \*(Gt\*(Gt ,
• add code to support GNU bash’s “&> file” I/O redirection extension, and make it fit into mksh’s model (also gives us a couple of things GNU bash doesn’t have • add regression tests for all of these Lukas “smultron” Upton from MidnightBSD spotted a script with /bin/sh shebang invalidly using “&>” in some Apple backup toolkit, 10x XXX why fds are limited to one digit?
2008-06-29 00:51:56 +02:00
.Ql &\*(Gt ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
etc. are used to specify redirections (see
.Sx Input/output redirection
below);
.Ql \*(Ba
is used to create pipelines;
.Ql \*(Ba&
is used to create co-processes (see
.Sx Co-processes
below);
.Ql \&;
is used to separate commands;
.Ql &
is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
.Ql &&
and
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
are used to specify conditional execution;
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Ql ;; ,
.Ql ;&\&
and
.Ql ;\*(Ba\&
are used in
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic case
statements;
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Ql \&(( .. ))
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is used in arithmetic expressions;
and lastly,
.Ql \&( .. )\&
is used to create subshells.
.Pp
Whitespace and meta-characters can be quoted individually using a backslash
.Pq Sq \e ,
or in groups using double
.Pq Sq \&"
or single
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Pq Sq \*(aq
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
quotes.
Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the
shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
.Ql \e ,
.Ql \&" ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \*(aq ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql # ,
.Ql $ ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \` ,
.Ql \*(TI ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql { ,
.Ql } ,
.Ql * ,
.Ql \&? ,
and
work around a bug in the GNU implementation of the Berkeley mdoc macros cought by crib in IRC, thanks (our textproc/groff port is unaffected since it uses the MirOS implementation, a BSD derived one with fixes, by default instead but can reproduce the defect with -mgdoc instead of -mdoc as parametre)
2006-11-16 14:05:39 +01:00
.Ql \&[ .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
.Sx Quoting
below);
.Ql # ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment \*(en everything after
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the
.Ql #
up to the nearest newline is ignored;
.Ql $
is used to introduce parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions (see
.Sx Substitution
below);
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \`
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
introduces an old-style command substitution (see
.Sx Substitution
below);
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \*(TI
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
begins a directory expansion (see
.Sx Tilde expansion
below);
.Ql {
and
.Ql }
delimit
.Xr csh 1 Ns -style
alterations (see
.Sx Brace expansion
below);
and finally,
.Ql * ,
.Ql \&? ,
and
work around a bug in the GNU implementation of the Berkeley mdoc macros cought by crib in IRC, thanks (our textproc/groff port is unaffected since it uses the MirOS implementation, a BSD derived one with fixes, by default instead but can reproduce the defect with -mgdoc instead of -mdoc as parametre)
2006-11-16 14:05:39 +01:00
.Ql \&[
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
are used in file name generation (see
.Sx File name patterns
below).
.Pp
As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which there
are two basic types:
.Em simple-commands ,
typically programmes that are executed, and
.Em compound-commands ,
such as
.Ic for
and
.Ic if
statements, grouping constructs, and function definitions.
.Pp
A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
(see
.Sx Parameters
below),
input/output redirections (see
.Sx Input/output redirections
below),
and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
before any command words.
The command words, if any, define the command
that is to be executed and its arguments.
The command may be a shell built-in command, a function,
or an external command
(i.e. a separate executable file that is located using the
.Ev PATH
parameter; see
.Sx Command execution
below).
Note that all command constructs have an exit status: for external commands,
this is related to the status returned by
.Xr wait 2
(if the command could not be found, the exit status is 127; if it could not
be executed, the exit status is 126); the exit status of other command
constructs (built-in commands, functions, compound-commands, pipelines, lists,
etc.) are all well-defined and are described where the construct is
described.
The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter
assignments is that of the last command substitution performed during the
parameter assignment or 0 if there were no command substitutions.
.Pp
Commands can be chained together using the
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
token to form pipelines, in which the standard output of each command but the
last is piped (see
.Xr pipe 2 )
to the standard input of the following command.
The exit status of a pipeline is that of its last command.
• more on pipelines vs subshells • remove some superfluous spaces
2009-09-06 20:17:51 +02:00
All commands of a pipeline are executed in separate subshells;
this is allowed by POSIX but differs from both variants of
.At
.Nm ksh ,
where all but the last command were executed in subshells; see the
.Ic read
builtin's description for implications and workarounds.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
A pipeline may be prefixed by the
.Ql \&!
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
reserved word which causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
complemented: if the original status was 0, the complemented status will be 1;
if the original status was not 0, the complemented status will be 0.
.Pp
.Em Lists
of commands can be created by separating pipelines by any of the following
tokens:
.Ql && ,
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql & ,
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba& ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
.Ql \&; .
The first two are for conditional execution:
.Dq Ar cmd1 No && Ar cmd2
executes
.Ar cmd2
only if the exit status of
.Ar cmd1
is zero;
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
is the opposite \*(en
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ar cmd2
is executed only if the exit status of
.Ar cmd1
is non-zero.
.Ql &&
and
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
have equal precedence which is higher than that of
.Ql & ,
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba& ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
.Ql \&; ,
which also have equal precedence.
Note that the
.Ql &&
and
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
operators are
.Qq left-associative .
For example, both of these commands will print only
.Qq bar :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
$ false && echo foo \*(Ba\*(Ba echo bar
$ true \*(Ba\*(Ba echo foo && echo bar
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Ql &
token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously; that is,
the shell starts the command but does not wait for it to complete (the shell
does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands; see
.Sx Job control
below).
When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
(i.e. in most scripts), the command is started with signals
.Dv SIGINT
and
.Dv SIGQUIT
ignored and with input redirected from
.Pa /dev/null
(however, redirections specified in the asynchronous command have precedence).
The
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba&
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
operator starts a co-process which is a special kind of asynchronous process
(see
.Sx Co-processes
below).
Note that a command must follow the
.Ql &&
and
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
operators, while it need not follow
.Ql & ,
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba& ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
.Ql \&; .
The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
exception of asynchronous lists, for which the exit status is 0.
.Pp
Compound commands are created using the following reserved words.
These words
are only recognised if they are unquoted and if they are used as the first
word of a command (i.e. they can't be preceded by parameter assignments or
redirections):
.Bd -literal -offset indent
partial oksh sync (RCSID and do add some parenthesēs to the list of reserved words, but really only these which are only recognised at the beginning of a line as the context says, not blindly all of them)
2010-07-13 15:12:32 +02:00
case else function then ! (
do esac if time [[ ((
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
done fi in until {
elif for select while }
.Ed
.Pp
In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
.Em list )
that are followed by reserved words must end with a semicolon, a newline, or
a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
For example, the following are all valid:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
$ { echo foo; echo bar; }
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
$ { echo foo; echo bar\*(Ltnewline\*(Gt}
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
$ { { echo foo; echo bar; } }
.Ed
.Pp
This is not valid:
.Pp
.Dl $ { echo foo; echo bar }
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width 4n
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Pq Ar list
Execute
.Ar list
in a subshell.
There is no implicit way to pass environment changes from a
subshell back to its parent.
.It { Ar list ; No }
Compound construct;
.Ar list
is executed, but not in a subshell.
Note that
.Ql {
and
.Ql }
are reserved words, not meta-characters.
.It Xo case Ar word No in
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Oo Op \&(
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Ar pattern
.Op \*(Ba Ar pat
.No ... Ns )
.Ar list
.Op ;; \*(Ba ;&\& \*(Ba ;\*(Ba\ \&
.Oc ... esac
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
The
.Ic case
statement attempts to match
.Ar word
against a specified
.Ar pattern ;
the
.Ar list
associated with the first successfully matched pattern is executed.
Patterns used in
.Ic case
statements are the same as those used for file name patterns except that the
restrictions regarding
.Ql \&.
and
.Ql /
are dropped.
Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
stripped; any space within a pattern must be quoted.
Both the word and the
patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic substitution, as
well as tilde substitution.
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
.Ic in
and
.Ic esac
e.g.\&
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Ic case $foo { *) echo bar;; } .
.Pp
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
The list terminators are:
.Bl -tag -width 4n
.It Ql ;;
Terminate after the list.
.It Ql ;&\&
Fall through into the next list.
.It Ql ;\*(Ba\&
Evaluate the remaining pattern-list tuples.
.El
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The exit status of a
.Ic case
statement is that of the executed
.Ar list ;
if no
.Ar list
is executed, the exit status is zero.
.It Xo for Ar name
.Oo in Ar word No ... Oc ;
.No do Ar list ; No done
.Xc
For each
.Ar word
in the specified word list, the parameter
.Ar name
is set to the word and
.Ar list
is executed.
If
.Ic in
is not used to specify a word list, the positional parameters
($1, $2, etc.)\&
are used instead.
For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
.Ic do
and
.Ic done
e.g.\&
.Ic for i; { echo $i; } .
The exit status of a
.Ic for
statement is the last exit status of
.Ar list ;
if
.Ar list
is never executed, the exit status is zero.
.It Xo if Ar list ;
.No then Ar list ;
.Oo elif Ar list ;
.No then Ar list ; Oc
.No ...
.Oo else Ar list ; Oc
.No fi
.Xc
If the exit status of the first
.Ar list
is zero, the second
.Ar list
is executed; otherwise, the
.Ar list
following the
.Ic elif ,
if any, is executed with similar consequences.
If all the lists following the
.Ic if
and
.Ic elif Ns s
fail (i.e. exit with non-zero status), the
.Ar list
following the
.Ic else
is executed.
The exit status of an
.Ic if
statement is that of non-conditional
.Ar list
that is executed; if no non-conditional
.Ar list
is executed, the exit status is zero.
.It Xo select Ar name
.Oo in Ar word No ... Oc ;
.No do Ar list ; No done
.Xc
The
.Ic select
statement provides an automatic method of presenting the user with a menu and
selecting from it.
An enumerated list of the specified
.Ar word Ns (s)
is printed on standard error, followed by a prompt
.Po
.Ev PS3: normally
.Sq #?\ \&
.Pc .
A number corresponding to one of the enumerated words is then read from
standard input,
.Ar name
is set to the selected word (or unset if the selection is not valid),
.Ev REPLY
is set to what was read (leading/trailing space is stripped), and
.Ar list
is executed.
If a blank line (i.e. zero or more
.Ev IFS
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
octets) is entered, the menu is reprinted without executing
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ar list .
.Pp
When
.Ar list
completes, the enumerated list is printed if
.Ev REPLY
is
.Dv NULL ,
the prompt is printed, and so on.
This process continues until an end-of-file
is read, an interrupt is received, or a
.Ic break
statement is executed inside the loop.
If
.Dq in word ...
is omitted, the positional parameters are used
(i.e. $1, $2, etc.).
For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
.Ic do
and
.Ic done
e.g.\&
.Ic select i; { echo $i; } .
The exit status of a
.Ic select
statement is zero if a
.Ic break
statement is used to exit the loop, non-zero otherwise.
.It Xo until Ar list ;
.No do Ar list ;
.No done
.Xc
This works like
.Ic while ,
except that the body is executed only while the exit status of the first
.Ar list
is non-zero.
.It Xo while Ar list ;
.No do Ar list ;
.No done
.Xc
A
.Ic while
is a pre-checked loop.
Its body is executed as often as the exit status of the first
.Ar list
is zero.
The exit status of a
.Ic while
statement is the last exit status of the
.Ar list
in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed, the exit status is zero.
.It Xo function Ar name
.No { Ar list ; No }
.Xc
Defines the function
.Ar name
(see
.Sx Functions
below).
Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function definition
is executed.
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It Ar name Ns \&() Ar command
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Mostly the same as
.Ic function
(see
.Sx Functions
below).
be more robust against things like Debian #535970 reverts and rewrites the code from cid 10047C1EBA57E4F4AF0 XXX find out if this is done right
2009-07-06 17:06:25 +02:00
Whitespace (space or tab) after
.Ar name
will be ignored most of the time.
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It Xo function Ar name Ns \&()
allow “function stop () {” (bashism, an evil one)
2009-09-19 20:36:59 +02:00
.No { Ar list ; No }
.Xc
The same as
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Ar name Ns \&()
allow “function stop () {” (bashism, an evil one)
2009-09-19 20:36:59 +02:00
.Pq Nm bash Ns ism .
The
.Ic function
keyword is ignored.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Xo Ic time Op Fl p
.Op Ar pipeline
.Xc
The
.Sx Command execution
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
section describes the
.Ic time
reserved word.
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It \&(( Ar expression No ))
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The arithmetic expression
.Ar expression
is evaluated; equivalent to
.Dq let expression
(see
.Sx Arithmetic expressions
and the
.Ic let
command, below).
.It Bq Bq Ar \ \&expression\ \&
Similar to the
.Ic test
and
.Ic \&[ ... \&]
commands (described later), with the following exceptions:
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.Bl -bullet
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It
Field splitting and file name generation are not performed on arguments.
.It
The
.Fl a
.Pq AND
and
.Fl o
.Pq OR
operators are replaced with
.Ql &&
and
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
respectively.
.It
Operators (e.g.\&
.Sq Fl f ,
.Sq = ,
.Sq \&! )
must be unquoted.
.It
Parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed as expressions
are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for the
.Ql &&
and
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
operators.
This means that in the following statement,
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
.Ic $(\*(Ltfoo)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is evaluated if and only if the file
.Pa foo
exists and is readable:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
$ [[ \-r foo && $(\*(Ltfoo) = b*r ]]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ed
document the [[ $foo = "$bar" ]] thing expressly
2010-08-14 22:13:10 +02:00
.It
The second operand of the
.Sq !=
and
.Sq =
expressions are patterns (e.g. the comparison
.Ic \&[[ foobar = f*r ]]
succeeds).
This even works indirectly:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
$ bar=foobar; baz=\*(aqf*r\*(aq
$ [[ $bar = $baz ]]; echo $?
fix: "foo" in nroff is quoted, \&"foo" contains literal gänsebeinchen
2011-11-11 23:10:52 +01:00
$ [[ $bar = \&"$baz" ]]; echo $?
document the [[ $foo = "$bar" ]] thing expressly
2010-08-14 22:13:10 +02:00
.Ed
.Pp
dict.leo.org says this is correct
2011-08-14 00:19:41 +02:00
Perhaps surprisingly, the first comparison succeeds,
document the [[ $foo = "$bar" ]] thing expressly
2010-08-14 22:13:10 +02:00
whereas the second doesn't.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.El
.Ss Quoting
Quoting is used to prevent the shell from treating characters or words
specially.
There are three methods of quoting.
First,
.Ql \e
quotes the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
case both the
.Ql \e
and the newline are stripped.
Second, a single quote
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Pq Sq \*(aq
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
quotes everything up to the next single quote (this may span lines).
Third, a double quote
.Pq Sq \&"
quotes all characters, except
.Ql $ ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \`
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
.Ql \e ,
up to the next unquoted double quote.
.Ql $
and
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \`
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e. parameter, command, or
arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
results of double-quoted substitutions.
If a
.Ql \e
inside a double-quoted string is followed by
.Ql \e ,
.Ql $ ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \` ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
.Ql \&" ,
it is replaced by the second character; if it is followed by a newline, both
the
.Ql \e
and the newline are stripped; otherwise, both the
.Ql \e
and the character following are unchanged.
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
.Pp
If a single-quoted string is preceded by an unquoted
.Ql $ ,
C style backslash expansion (see below) is applied (even single quote
characters inside can be escaped and do not terminate the string then);
the expanded result is treated as any other single-quoted string.
this is a bashism but might be from ksh93 IIRC… still dead ugly as hell!
2010-12-19 21:00:56 +01:00
If a double-quoted string is preceded by an unquoted
.Ql $ ,
the latter is ignored.
new function unbksl doing "backslash expansion" independent of c_print(); also make a separate subsection about it in the manpage
2009-09-19 17:16:05 +02:00
.Ss Backslash expansion
In places where backslashes are expanded, certain C and
.At
.Nm ksh
or GNU
.Nm bash
style escapes are translated.
These include
.Ql \ea ,
.Ql \eb ,
.Ql \ef ,
.Ql \en ,
.Ql \er ,
.Ql \et ,
.Ql \eU######## ,
.Ql \eu#### ,
and
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
.Ql \ev .
For
.Ql \eU########
and
.Ql \eu#### ,
.Dq #
means a hexadecimal digit, of thich there may be none up to four or eight;
these escapes translate a Unicode codepoint to UTF-8.
Furthermore,
.Ql \eE
and
.Ql \ee
expand to the escape character.
.Pp
In the
.Ic print
builtin mode,
.Ql \e" ,
.Ql \e\*(aq ,
and
.Ql \e?
are explicitly excluded;
octal sequences must have the none up to three octal digits
.Dq #
prefixed with the digit zero
.Pq Ql \e0### ;
hexadecimal sequences
.Ql \ex##
are limited to none up to two hexadecimal digits
.Dq # ;
both octal and hexadecimal sequences convert to raw octets;
.Ql \e# ,
where # is none of the above, translates to \e# (backslashes are retained).
.Pp
Backslash expansion in the C style mode slightly differs: octal sequences
.Ql \e###
must have no digit zero prefixing the one up to three octal digits
.Dq #
and yield raw octets; hexadecimal sequences
.Ql \ex#*
greedily eat up as many hexadecimal digits
.Dq #
as they can and terminate with the first non-hexadecimal digit;
these translate a Unicode codepoint to UTF-8.
The sequence
.Ql \ec# ,
where
.Dq #
is any octet, translates to Ctrl-# (which basically means,
ouch! \c? is DEL, not \c~
2010-10-08 19:30:05 +02:00
.Ql \ec?
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
becomes DEL, everything else is bitwise ANDed with 0x1F).
Finally,
.Ql \e# ,
where # is none of the above, translates to # (has the backslash trimmed),
even if it is a newline.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ss Aliases
There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked aliases.
Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long or often used
command.
The shell expands command aliases (i.e. substitutes the alias name
for its value) when it reads the first word of a command.
An expanded alias is re-processed to check for more aliases.
If a command alias ends in a
space or tab, the following word is also checked for alias expansion.
The alias expansion process stops when a word that is not an alias is found,
when a quoted word is found, or when an alias word that is currently being
expanded is found.
.Pp
now we don’t need more special FPOSIX behaviour any more
2008-02-25 01:58:26 +01:00
The following command aliases are defined automatically by the shell:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Bd -literal -offset indent
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
autoload=\*(aqtypeset \-fu\*(aq
functions=\*(aqtypeset \-f\*(aq
hash=\*(aqalias \-t\*(aq
history=\*(aqfc \-l\*(aq
integer=\*(aqtypeset \-i\*(aq
local=\*(aqtypeset\*(aq
login=\*(aqexec login\*(aq
lintian: hyphen-used-as-minus-sign
2009-11-23 13:49:55 +01:00
nameref=\*(aqtypeset \-n\*(aq
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
nohup=\*(aqnohup \*(aq
r=\*(aqfc \-e \-\*(aq
stop=\*(aqkill \-STOP\*(aq
suspend=\*(aqkill \-STOP $$\*(aq
type=\*(aqwhence \-v\*(aq
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ed
.Pp
Tracked aliases allow the shell to remember where it found a particular
command.
The first time the shell does a path search for a command that is
marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command.
The next
time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path to see that it
is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path search.
Tracked aliases can be listed and created using
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic alias \-t .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Note that changing the
.Ev PATH
parameter clears the saved paths for all tracked aliases.
If the
.Ic trackall
option is set (i.e.\&
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-o Ic trackall
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-h ) ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the shell tracks all commands.
This option is set automatically for non-interactive shells.
For interactive shells, only the following commands are
sync with reality
2008-09-17 21:27:16 +02:00
automatically tracked:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xr cat 1 ,
.Xr cc 1 ,
.Xr chmod 1 ,
.Xr cp 1 ,
.Xr date 1 ,
.Xr ed 1 ,
.Xr emacs 1 ,
.Xr grep 1 ,
.Xr ls 1 ,
.Xr make 1 ,
.Xr mv 1 ,
.Xr pr 1 ,
.Xr rm 1 ,
.Xr sed 1 ,
.Xr sh 1 ,
.Xr vi 1 ,
and
.Xr who 1 .
.Ss Substitution
The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
substitutions on the words of the command.
There are three kinds of
substitution: parameter, command, and arithmetic.
Parameter substitutions,
which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
.Pf $ Ns Ar name
or
.Pf ${ Ns Ar ... Ns } ;
command substitutions take the form
.Pf $( Ns Ar command Ns \&)
or (deprecated)
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Pf \` Ns Ar command Ns \` ;
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and arithmetic substitutions take the form
.Pf $(( Ns Ar expression Ns )) .
.Pp
If a substitution appears outside of double quotes, the results of the
substitution are generally subject to word or field splitting according to
the current value of the
.Ev IFS
parameter.
The
.Ev IFS
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
parameter specifies a list of octets which are used to break a string up
into several words; any octets from the set space, tab, and newline that
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
appear in the
.Ev IFS
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
octets are called
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Dq IFS whitespace .
Sequences of one or more
.Ev IFS
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
whitespace octets, in combination with zero or one
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pf non- Ev IFS
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
whitespace octets, delimit a field.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
As a special case, leading and trailing
.Ev IFS
whitespace and trailing
.Ev IFS
non-whitespace are stripped (i.e. no leading or trailing empty field
is created by it); leading
.Pf non- Ev IFS
whitespace does create an empty field.
.Pp
Example: If
.Ev IFS
is set to
.Dq \*(Ltspace\*(Gt: ,
and VAR is set to
.Dq \*(Ltspace\*(GtA\*(Ltspace\*(Gt:\*(Ltspace\*(Gt\*(Ltspace\*(GtB::D ,
the substitution for $VAR results in four fields:
.Sq A ,
.Sq B ,
.Sq
(an empty field),
and
.Sq D .
Note that if the
.Ev IFS
parameter is set to the
.Dv NULL
string, no field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default
value of space, tab, and newline is used.
.Pp
Also, note that the field splitting applies only to the immediate result of
the substitution.
Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
results in the fields:
.Sq A ,
.Sq B ,
.Sq ,
and
.Sq D:E ,
not
.Sq A ,
.Sq B ,
.Sq ,
add missing detail from IFS example From PR4220/TAKAHASHI Tamotsu <[15]ttakah@lapis.plala.or.jp> via OpenBSD
2005-06-08 12:59:41 +02:00
.Sq D ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
.Sq E .
This behavior is POSIX compliant, but incompatible with some other shell
implementations which do field splitting on the word which contained the
substitution or use
.Dv IFS
as a general whitespace delimiter.
.Pp
The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject to
brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections below).
.Pp
A command substitution is replaced by the output generated by the specified
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
command which is run in a subshell.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
For
.Pf $( Ns Ar command Ns \&)
substitutions, normal quoting rules are used when
.Ar command
is parsed; however, for the deprecated
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Pf \` Ns Ar command Ns \`
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
form, a
.Ql \e
followed by any of
.Ql $ ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \` ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
.Ql \e
is stripped (a
.Ql \e
followed by any other character is unchanged).
As a special case in command substitutions, a command of the form
.Pf \*(Lt Ar file
is interpreted to mean substitute the contents of
.Ar file .
Note that
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
.Ic $(\*(Ltfoo)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
has the same effect as
more on the cat
2010-08-28 23:22:24 +02:00
.Ic $(cat foo) .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
I thought of making COMSUB pass a pointer to the struct op *t->left around instead, but the parser for the so-called “backticks” (U+0060) still emits plaintext COMSUB wdstrings, and the evaluation code emits plaintext if the code is not run (‘-n’ option), so it’s not worth the effort and memory ma- nagement issues, even though it _would_ optimise the most common case… Bump version numbers, sync regression tests; add one testcase from the old webpages too. Sync manpage, this now works, but keep the workaround in, as “portability issue” with slightly changed wording. Also, /bin/sleep must be used in one manpage example if sleep is built in.
2011-03-06 02:50:11 +01:00
Note that some shells do not use a recursive parser for command substitutions,
leading to failure for certain constructs; to be portable, use as workaround
.Ql x=$(cat) \*(Lt\*(Lt"EOF"
(or the newline-keeping
.Ql x=\*(Lt\*(Lt"EOF"
extension) instead to merely slurp the string.
.St -p1003.1
recommends to use case statements of the form
.Ql "x=$(case $foo in (bar) echo $bar ;; (*) echo $baz ;; esac)"
instead, which would work but not serve as example for this portability issue.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
x=$(case $foo in bar) echo $bar ;; *) echo $baz ;; esac)
# above fails to parse on old shells; below is the workaround
x=$(eval $(cat)) \*(Lt\*(Lt"EOF"
case $foo in bar) echo $bar ;; *) echo $baz ;; esac
EOF
.Ed
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified expression.
For example, the command
.Ic print $((2+3*4))
displays 14.
See
.Sx Arithmetic expressions
for a description of an expression.
.Ss Parameters
Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and their values
can be accessed using a parameter substitution.
A parameter name is either one
of the special single punctuation or digit character parameters described
below, or a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits
.Po
.Ql _
counts as a letter
.Pc .
The latter form can be treated as arrays by appending an array index of the
form
.Op Ar expr
where
.Ar expr
is an arithmetic expression.
elaborate on 「${arrname[*]}」 and 「"${arrname[@]}"」 for wbx@
2011-04-23 12:40:27 +02:00
Array indices in
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Nm
elaborate on 「${arrname[*]}」 and 「"${arrname[@]}"」 for wbx@
2011-04-23 12:40:27 +02:00
are limited to the range 0 through 4294967295, inclusive.
replaced (TNF: ahoka) insists on me mentioning that we specify integer silent wrapping (gcc -fwrapv) as expected behaviour
2008-10-24 23:27:20 +02:00
That is, they are a 32-bit unsigned integer.
elaborate on 「${arrname[*]}」 and 「"${arrname[@]}"」 for wbx@
2011-04-23 12:40:27 +02:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Parameter substitutions take the form
.Pf $ Ns Ar name ,
.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns } ,
or
.Sm off
.Pf ${ Ar name Oo Ar expr Oc }
.Sm on
where
.Ar name
is a parameter name.
elaborate on 「${arrname[*]}」 and 「"${arrname[@]}"」 for wbx@
2011-04-23 12:40:27 +02:00
Substitution of all array elements with
.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns \&[*]}
and
.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns \&[@]}
works equivalent to $* and $@ for positional parameters.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If substitution is performed on a parameter
(or an array parameter element)
that is not set, a null string is substituted unless the
.Ic nounset
option
.Po
.Ic set Fl o Ic nounset
or
.Ic set Fl u
.Pc
is set, in which case an error occurs.
.Pp
Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like
.Ql # ,
.Ql PWD ,
and
.Ql $ ;
this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup.
Third, parameters can be assigned values on the command line: for example,
.Ic FOO=bar
sets the parameter
.Dq FOO
to
.Dq bar ;
multiple parameter assignments can be given on a single command line and they
can be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are in
effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are also
exported; see below for the implications of this).
Note that both the parameter name and the
.Ql =
must be unquoted for the shell to recognise a parameter assignment.
+= support for variables and arrays
2011-05-05 01:16:05 +02:00
The construct
.Ic FOO+=baz
is also recognised; the old and new values are immediately concatenated.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the
.Ic export ,
replace typeset with local, as style(9) now mandates (keep globals for a while, until it’s widespread, though) since we don’t export PS1 any longer, no need to stay AT&T ksh compatible
2011-07-05 22:19:18 +02:00
.Ic global ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic readonly ,
and
.Ic typeset
commands; see their descriptions in the
.Sx Command execution
section.
Fifth,
.Ic for
and
.Ic select
loops set parameters as well as the
.Ic getopts ,
.Ic read ,
and
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-A
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
commands.
Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
inside arithmetic expressions (see
.Sx Arithmetic expressions
below) or using the
.Sm off
.Pf ${ Ar name No = Ar value No }
.Sm on
form of the parameter substitution (see below).
.Pp
Parameters with the export attribute (set using the
.Ic export
or
.Ic typeset Fl x
commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple commands) are put in
the environment (see
.Xr environ 7 )
of commands run by the shell as
.Ar name Ns = Ns Ar value
pairs.
The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command is
unspecified.
When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values
from its environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those
parameters.
.Pp
Modifiers can be applied to the
.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns }
form of parameter substitution:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.Sm off
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It ${ Ar name No :\- Ar word No }
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sm on
If
.Ar name
is set and not
.Dv NULL ,
it is substituted; otherwise,
.Ar word
is substituted.
.Sm off
.It ${ Ar name No :+ Ar word No }
.Sm on
If
.Ar name
is set and not
.Dv NULL ,
.Ar word
is substituted; otherwise, nothing is substituted.
.Sm off
.It ${ Ar name No := Ar word No }
.Sm on
If
.Ar name
is set and not
.Dv NULL ,
it is substituted; otherwise, it is assigned
.Ar word
and the resulting value of
.Ar name
is substituted.
.Sm off
.It ${ Ar name No :? Ar word No }
.Sm on
If
.Ar name
is set and not
.Dv NULL ,
it is substituted; otherwise,
.Ar word
is printed on standard error (preceded by
.Ar name : )
and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function,
or script sourced using the
.Sq \&.
built-in).
If
.Ar word
is omitted, the string
.Dq parameter null or not set
is used instead.
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
Currently a bug, if
.Ar word
is a variable which expands to the null string, the
error message is also printed.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
(hopefully) fix the substitution thing for good
2010-02-25 21:18:19 +01:00
Note that, for all of the above,
.Ar word
is actually considered quoted, and special parsing rules apply.
Fix two more POSIX conformance bugs and minor documentation/comment issues
2010-04-08 15:21:08 +02:00
The parsing rules also differ on whether the expression is double-quoted:
.Ar word
then uses double-quoting rules, except for the double quote itself
.Pq Sq \&"
and the closing brace, which, if backslash escaped, gets quote removal applied.
(hopefully) fix the substitution thing for good
2010-02-25 21:18:19 +01:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
In the above modifiers, the
.Ql \&:
can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depend on
.Ar name
being set (as opposed to set and not
.Dv NULL ) .
If
.Ar word
is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
on it; if
.Ar word
is not needed, it is not evaluated.
.Pp
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
The following forms of parameter substitution can also be used (if
.Ar name
is an array, its element #0 will be substituted in a scalar context):
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.It Pf ${# Ns Ar name Ns \&}
The number of positional parameters if
.Ar name
is
.Ql * ,
.Ql @ ,
this began as a one-word change to the spec (manpage): that ${foo:1:2} operates on characters ipv bytes – which means: ‣ set +U: octets ‣ set -U: MirOS OPTU-8 characters for consistency I also adapted ${#stringname} to deliver the length in characters ipv bytes; more may follow; for example I’d like a way to expose the string width. you can already get the MirOS OPTU-16 of a character in the WTF-8 (「set -U」) mode with something like │ typeset -Uui16 -Z7 x=1#${stringname:position:1} which will correctly use the PUA EF80‥EFFF mapping for octets. due to this being an incompatible change, bump to R38 also change the unicode-hexdump sample regression test and add two news for ${x:1:2} and ${#x} checks in A/W mode ☺
2009-05-16 17:53:02 +02:00
or not specified; otherwise the length
.Pq in characters
of the string value of parameter
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ar name .
.Pp
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It Pf ${# Ns Ar name Ns \&[*]}
.It Pf ${# Ns Ar name Ns \&[@]}
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The number of elements in the array
.Ar name .
.Pp
since we have wcwidth anyway, expose it as ${%strvar} to the user, iff utf8-mode is enabled (otherwise it'll be a synonym for ${#strvar} aka the number of octets in it)
2009-11-22 00:23:20 +01:00
.It Pf ${% Ns Ar name Ns \&}
The width
.Pq in screen columns
of the string value of parameter
• re-implement wcswidth-like behaviour for ${%foo} even in !UTFMODE • merge the rest of branch tg-wcswidth-behaviour • enhance test cases for wcswidth-like behaviour • switch hash table collision resolution algorithm to Python’s as announced • bump vsn
2010-01-01 18:44:10 +01:00
.Ar name ,
I: mksh: hyphen-used-as-minus-sign usr/share/man/man1/mksh.1.gz:1463
2010-02-28 15:06:56 +01:00
or \-1 if
• re-implement wcswidth-like behaviour for ${%foo} even in !UTFMODE • merge the rest of branch tg-wcswidth-behaviour • enhance test cases for wcswidth-like behaviour • switch hash table collision resolution algorithm to Python’s as announced • bump vsn
2010-01-01 18:44:10 +01:00
.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns }
contains a control character.
since we have wcwidth anyway, expose it as ${%strvar} to the user, iff utf8-mode is enabled (otherwise it'll be a synonym for ${#strvar} aka the number of octets in it)
2009-11-22 00:23:20 +01:00
.Pp
merge the nameref code, using mksh standard scoping as discussed
2009-09-06 19:42:15 +02:00
.It Pf ${! Ns Ar name Ns }
The name of the variable referred to by
.Ar name .
This will be
.Ar name
except when
.Ar name
is a name reference (bound variable), created by the
.Ic nameref
command (which is an alias for
.Ic typeset Fl n ) .
.Pp
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It Pf ${! Ns Ar name Ns \&[*]}
.It Pf ${! Ns Ar name Ns \&[@]}
documentation and test suite for tonight’s new features, ☾ gn8
2009-08-29 00:46:21 +02:00
The names of indices (keys) in the array
.Ar name .
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sm off
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name
.Pf # Ar pattern No }
.Xc
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name
.Pf ## Ar pattern No }
.Xc
.Sm on
If
.Ar pattern
matches the beginning of the value of parameter
.Ar name ,
the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution.
A single
.Ql #
results in the shortest match, and two
of them result in the longest match.
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
Cannot be applied to a vector
.Pq ${*} or ${@} or ${array[*]} or ${array[@]} .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.Sm off
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name
.Pf % Ar pattern No }
.Xc
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name
.Pf %% Ar pattern No }
.Xc
.Sm on
Like ${..#..} substitution, but it deletes from the end of the value.
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
Cannot be applied to a vector.
almost hack ${foo//bar/baz} support for real, now still one corner case left ☹ → 11:09⎜«Han:#UnixNL» Ik _haat_ bash ⇒ kann ich mich nur anschließen…
2008-02-27 12:24:12 +01:00
.Pp
.Sm off
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name
.Pf / Ar pattern / Ar string No }
.Xc
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name
.Pf // Ar pattern / Ar string No }
.Xc
.Sm on
Like ${..#..} substitution, but it replaces the longest match of
.Ar pattern ,
anchored anywhere in the value, with
.Ar string .
If
.Ar pattern
begins with
.Ql # ,
it is anchored at the beginning of the value; if it begins with
.Ql % ,
it is anchored at the end.
A single
.Ql /
replaces the first occurence of the search
.Ar pattern ,
and two of them replace all occurences.
If
.Pf / Ar string
is omitted, the
.Ar pattern
is replaced by the empty string, i.e. deleted.
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
Cannot be applied to a vector.
Inefficiently implemented.
almost hack ${foo//bar/baz} support for real, now still one corner case left ☹ → 11:09⎜«Han:#UnixNL» Ik _haat_ bash ⇒ kann ich mich nur anschließen…
2008-02-27 12:24:12 +01:00
.Pp
.Sm off
this is bash compatibility week, and by suggestion of actual users, namely Dr. Robert “Pfeffer” Arnold (in this case, in FreeWRT), make a half-completed attempt at implementing ${foo:2:3} substring evals (of course, negatives can't work right now and that the numbers are in face expressions is something I only read later too – this is to be revisited later, but it's already late) don't depend on this behaviour yet though if someone wants to add more regression tests, feel free to…
2007-06-28 01:12:59 +02:00
.It Xo
.Pf ${ Ar name : Ns Ar pos
.Pf : Ns Ar len Ns }
.Xc
if we set the S̲pacing m̲ode to off, we must set it back to on too
2008-12-17 20:25:54 +01:00
.Sm on
this is bash compatibility week, and by suggestion of actual users, namely Dr. Robert “Pfeffer” Arnold (in this case, in FreeWRT), make a half-completed attempt at implementing ${foo:2:3} substring evals (of course, negatives can't work right now and that the numbers are in face expressions is something I only read later too – this is to be revisited later, but it's already late) don't depend on this behaviour yet though if someone wants to add more regression tests, feel free to…
2007-06-28 01:12:59 +02:00
The first
.Ar len
this began as a one-word change to the spec (manpage): that ${foo:1:2} operates on characters ipv bytes – which means: ‣ set +U: octets ‣ set -U: MirOS OPTU-8 characters for consistency I also adapted ${#stringname} to deliver the length in characters ipv bytes; more may follow; for example I’d like a way to expose the string width. you can already get the MirOS OPTU-16 of a character in the WTF-8 (「set -U」) mode with something like │ typeset -Uui16 -Z7 x=1#${stringname:position:1} which will correctly use the PUA EF80‥EFFF mapping for octets. due to this being an incompatible change, bump to R38 also change the unicode-hexdump sample regression test and add two news for ${x:1:2} and ${#x} checks in A/W mode ☺
2009-05-16 17:53:02 +02:00
characters of
this is bash compatibility week, and by suggestion of actual users, namely Dr. Robert “Pfeffer” Arnold (in this case, in FreeWRT), make a half-completed attempt at implementing ${foo:2:3} substring evals (of course, negatives can't work right now and that the numbers are in face expressions is something I only read later too – this is to be revisited later, but it's already late) don't depend on this behaviour yet though if someone wants to add more regression tests, feel free to…
2007-06-28 01:12:59 +02:00
.Ar name ,
starting at position
.Ar pos ,
are substituted.
Both
.Ar pos
and
.Pf : Ns Ar len
are optional.
If
.Ar pos
fix the rest of it
2007-07-06 04:22:57 +02:00
is negative, counting starts at the end of the string; if it
this is bash compatibility week, and by suggestion of actual users, namely Dr. Robert “Pfeffer” Arnold (in this case, in FreeWRT), make a half-completed attempt at implementing ${foo:2:3} substring evals (of course, negatives can't work right now and that the numbers are in face expressions is something I only read later too – this is to be revisited later, but it's already late) don't depend on this behaviour yet though if someone wants to add more regression tests, feel free to…
2007-06-28 01:12:59 +02:00
is omitted, it defaults to 0.
If
.Ar len
is omitted or greater than the length of the remaining string,
all of it is substituted.
fix the rest of it
2007-07-06 04:22:57 +02:00
Both
.Ar pos
and
.Ar len
are evaluated as arithmetic expressions.
mention ${foo:2:3} limitations
2007-07-26 15:32:16 +02:00
Currently,
.Ar pos
must start with a space, opening parenthesis or digit to be recognised.
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
Cannot be applied to a vector.
.Pp
${foo@x} is now special-expansion for values of x, defined for now: ‘#’ = hash of $foo
2011-01-21 23:25:34 +01:00
.It Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns @#}
The internal hash of the expansion of
.Ar name .
replace uses of OAAT hash in all its variants by NZAT (mksh internal) or NZAAT (all others)
2011-07-07 00:22:02 +02:00
At the moment, this is NZAT (a never-zero 32-bit hash based on
Bob Jenkins' one-at-a-time hash), but this is not set.
${foo@x} is now special-expansion for values of x, defined for now: ‘#’ = hash of $foo
2011-01-21 23:25:34 +01:00
This is the hash the shell uses internally for its associative arrays.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
note that ${foo//bar/baz} may need the pattern escaped; discovered by me for # and %, and by Matt Lewandowsky («lewellyn:#ksh») for & as pattern.
2009-07-06 11:37:03 +02:00
Note that
.Ar pattern
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
may need extended globbing pattern
note that ${foo//bar/baz} may need the pattern escaped; discovered by me for # and %, and by Matt Lewandowsky («lewellyn:#ksh») for & as pattern.
2009-07-06 11:37:03 +02:00
.Pq @(...) ,
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
single
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
.Pq \&\*(aq...\&\*(aq
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
or double
.Pq \&"...\&"
quote escaping unless
.Fl o Ic sh
is set.
note that ${foo//bar/baz} may need the pattern escaped; discovered by me for # and %, and by Matt Lewandowsky («lewellyn:#ksh») for & as pattern.
2009-07-06 11:37:03 +02:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The following special parameters are implicitly set by the shell and cannot be
set directly using assignments:
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width "1 .. 9"
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev \&!
Process ID of the last background process started.
If no background processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
.It Ev \&#
The number of positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.).
.It Ev \&$
The PID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a subshell.
Do
.Em NOT
use this mechanism for generating temporary file names; see
.Xr mktemp 1
instead.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Ev \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The concatenation of the current single letter options (see the
.Ic set
command below for a list of options).
.It Ev \&?
The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed.
If the last command was killed by a signal,
.Ic $?\&
is set to 128 plus the signal number.
.It Ev 0
The name of the shell, determined as follows:
the first argument to
.Nm
if it was invoked with the
.Fl c
option and arguments were given; otherwise the
.Ar file
argument, if it was supplied;
or else the basename the shell was invoked with (i.e.\&
.Li argv[0] ) .
.Ev $0
is also set to the name of the current script or
the name of the current function, if it was defined with the
.Ic function
keyword (i.e. a Korn shell style function).
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Ev 1 No .. Ev 9
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell, function,
or script sourced using the
.Sq \&.
built-in.
Further positional parameters may be accessed using
.Pf ${ Ar number Ns } .
.It Ev *
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
All positional parameters (except 0), i.e. $1, $2, $3, ...
.br
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If used
outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words (which are subjected
to word splitting); if used within double quotes, parameters are separated
by the first character of the
.Ev IFS
parameter (or the empty string if
.Ev IFS
is
.Dv NULL ) .
.It Ev @
Same as
.Ic $* ,
unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case a separate word is
generated for each positional parameter.
If there are no positional parameters, no word is generated.
.Ic $@
can be used to access arguments, verbatim, without losing
.Dv NULL
arguments or splitting arguments with spaces.
.El
.Pp
The following parameters are set and/or used by the shell:
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width "KSH_VERSION"
.It Ev _
.Pq underscore
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
When an external command is executed by the shell, this parameter is set in the
environment of the new process to the path of the executed command.
In interactive use, this parameter is also set in the parent shell to the last
word of the previous command.
.It Ev CDPATH
Search path for the
.Ic cd
built-in command.
It works the same way as
.Ev PATH
for those directories not beginning with
.Ql /
in
.Ic cd
commands.
Note that if
.Ev CDPATH
is set and does not contain
.Sq \&.
or contains an empty path, the current directory is not searched.
Also, the
.Ic cd
built-in command will display the resulting directory when a match is found
in any search path other than the empty path.
.It Ev COLUMNS
Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window.
always set COLUMNS and LINES; make use of the fact in dot.mkshrc
2008-12-29 22:34:22 +01:00
Always set, defaults to 80, unless the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
value as reported by
.Xr stty 1
always set COLUMNS and LINES; make use of the fact in dot.mkshrc
2008-12-29 22:34:22 +01:00
is non-zero and sane enough; similar for
.Ev LINES .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by the
.Ic select ,
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-o ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic kill \-l
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
commands to format information columns.
.It Ev ENV
If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are executed, the
expanded value is used as a shell startup file.
It typically contains function and alias definitions.
.It Ev ERRNO
Integer value of the shell's
.Va errno
variable.
It indicates the reason the last system call failed.
Not yet implemented.
.It Ev EXECSHELL
If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be used to
execute commands that
.Xr execve 2
fails to execute and which do not start with a
.Dq #! Ns Ar shell
sequence.
.It Ev FCEDIT
The editor used by the
.Ic fc
command (see below).
.It Ev FPATH
Like
.Ev PATH ,
but used when an undefined function is executed to locate the file defining the
function.
It is also searched when a command can't be found using
.Ev PATH .
See
.Sx Functions
below for more information.
.It Ev HISTFILE
The name of the file used to store command history.
When assigned to, history is loaded from the specified file.
when using persistent history (and not MKSH_SMALL), let the shells concurrently accessing the same $HISTFILE be more synchronised with each other: empty lines (just pressing Return) and duplicates (that are split and written twice by the lines loaded from $HISTFILE in the meantime); requested by Maximilian “mxey” Gaß in #!/bin/mksh
2010-01-25 17:12:57 +01:00
Also, several invocations of the shell will share history if their
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ev HISTFILE
parameters all point to the same file.
.Pp
.Sy Note :
If
.Ev HISTFILE
isn't set, no history file is used.
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
This is different from
.At
.Nm ksh .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev HISTSIZE
The number of commands normally stored for history.
The default is 500.
.It Ev HOME
The default directory for the
.Ic cd
command and the value substituted for an unqualified
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ic \*(TI
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
(see
.Sx Tilde expansion
below).
.It Ev IFS
Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
.Ic read
command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab,
and newline.
See
.Sx Substitution
above for details.
.Pp
.Sy Note :
This parameter is not imported from the environment when the shell is
started.
• implement KSHEGID, KSHGID, KSHUID variables by suggestion of Richard K. (KSHEUID aka USER_ID already exists) • simplify, speed up LCG and $RANDOM handling again
2011-01-21 22:04:48 +01:00
.It Ev KSHEGID
The effective group id of the shell.
.It Ev KSHGID
The real group id of the shell.
.It Ev KSHUID
The real user id of the shell.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev KSH_VERSION
The name and version of the shell (read-only).
bring back the 'version' editing command at "ESC ^V" like AT&T ksh93+r
2006-08-01 14:44:17 +02:00
See also the version commands in
.Sx Emacs editing mode
and
.Sx Vi editing mode
sections, below.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev LINENO
The line number of the function or shell script that is currently being
executed.
.It Ev LINES
Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window.
always set COLUMNS and LINES; make use of the fact in dot.mkshrc
2008-12-29 22:34:22 +01:00
Always set, defaults to 24.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev OLDPWD
The previous working directory.
Unset if
.Ic cd
has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
shell doesn't know where it is.
.It Ev OPTARG
When using
.Ic getopts ,
it contains the argument for a parsed option, if it requires one.
.It Ev OPTIND
some more manual page improvements
2008-10-20 21:52:07 +02:00
The index of the next argument to be processed when using
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic getopts .
Assigning 1 to this parameter causes
.Ic getopts
to process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
.It Ev PATH
A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking for
commands and files sourced using the
.Sq \&.
command (see below).
An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing
colon, or two adjacent colons, is treated as a
.Sq \&.
(the current directory).
mksh: * initialise the integers PPID, OPTIND, RANDOM, SECONDS, and TMOUT to base-10 * bring back PGRP as base-10 integer to the process group via getpgrp(2) * initialise USER_ID as base-10 integer to the effective user id as retrieved from geteuid(2) = $(id -u) * use $USER_ID in dot.mkshrc instead of spawning an id(1) process -> dot.mkshrc,v 1.34 now requires mksh R34 * convert more int to bool where appropriate * remove dead code - getpgrp(2) cannot fail * sync manual page to reality * bump to mksh R34(beta) - feature freeze XXX check if our_pgrp in jobs.c is still really needed, the setpgid call XXX probably just makes us our own pgrp leader, and we might have to use XXX and update kshpgrp accordingly - need feedback/help here but I think XXX this simplification should be possible if I grok the code correctly. etc/profile: * adjust to $USER_ID changes in mksh (speed-up here, too) mksh.hts: * sync changelog
2008-05-15 17:24:11 +02:00
.It Ev PGRP
The process ID of the shell's process group leader.
• add -u option (POSIX: unbuffered ⇒ nop) to the built-in cat • PIPESTATUS now supported (like bash 2) whose last member may actually differ from $? since the latter may not be the result of a pipeline partial command • add regression tests, documentation, etc.
2011-02-18 23:26:13 +01:00
.It Ev PIPESTATUS
An array containing the errorlevel (exit status) codes,
one by one, of the last pipeline run in the foreground.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev PPID
mksh: * initialise the integers PPID, OPTIND, RANDOM, SECONDS, and TMOUT to base-10 * bring back PGRP as base-10 integer to the process group via getpgrp(2) * initialise USER_ID as base-10 integer to the effective user id as retrieved from geteuid(2) = $(id -u) * use $USER_ID in dot.mkshrc instead of spawning an id(1) process -> dot.mkshrc,v 1.34 now requires mksh R34 * convert more int to bool where appropriate * remove dead code - getpgrp(2) cannot fail * sync manual page to reality * bump to mksh R34(beta) - feature freeze XXX check if our_pgrp in jobs.c is still really needed, the setpgid call XXX probably just makes us our own pgrp leader, and we might have to use XXX and update kshpgrp accordingly - need feedback/help here but I think XXX this simplification should be possible if I grok the code correctly. etc/profile: * adjust to $USER_ID changes in mksh (speed-up here, too) mksh.hts: * sync changelog
2008-05-15 17:24:11 +02:00
The process ID of the shell's parent.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev PS1
The primary prompt for interactive shells.
Parameter, command, and arithmetic
substitutions are performed, and
.Ql \&!
is replaced with the current command number (see the
.Ic fc
command below).
A literal
.Ql \&!
can be put in the prompt by placing
.Ql !!
in
.Ev PS1 .
this is mksh R28 (beta) I think of implementing multiline editing (bash-style) for R28 final, but other than that, the new features already suffice for a new major
2006-08-02 15:34:03 +02:00
.Pp
* Build.sh: fix manpage generation defaults under Cygwin * mksh.1: rework prompt ($PS1) section, simplify example, point to packaged dot.mkshrc example * mksh.1: fix description of 'redraw' regarding redrawal of prompts longer than one screen line * all: bump version/date
2006-08-02 13:50:30 +02:00
The default prompt is
.Sq $\ \&
for non-root users,
.Sq #\ \&
for root.
If
.Nm
is invoked by root and
.Ev PS1
does not contain a
.Sq #
character, the default value will be used even if
.Ev PS1
already exists in the environment.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
* Build.sh: fix manpage generation defaults under Cygwin * mksh.1: rework prompt ($PS1) section, simplify example, point to packaged dot.mkshrc example * mksh.1: fix description of 'redraw' regarding redrawal of prompts longer than one screen line * all: bump version/date
2006-08-02 13:50:30 +02:00
The
.Nm
distribution comes with a sample
.Pa dot.mkshrc
containing a sophisticated example, but you might like the following one
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
(note that ${HOSTNAME:=$(hostname)} and the
illustrate creative use of $PS1 requested by Jari Aalto
2006-05-08 14:12:36 +02:00
root-vs-user distinguishing clause are (in this example) executed at
.Ev PS1
assignment time, while the $USER and $PWD are escaped
and thus will be evaluated each time a prompt is displayed):
* Build.sh: fix manpage generation defaults under Cygwin * mksh.1: rework prompt ($PS1) section, simplify example, point to packaged dot.mkshrc example * mksh.1: fix description of 'redraw' regarding redrawal of prompts longer than one screen line * all: bump version/date
2006-08-02 13:50:30 +02:00
.Bd -literal
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
PS1=\*(aq${USER:=$(id \-un)}\*(aq"@${HOSTNAME:=$(hostname)}:\e$PWD $(
be more efficient
2008-08-14 19:39:30 +02:00
if (( USER_ID )); then print \e$; else print \e#; fi) "
illustrate creative use of $PS1 requested by Jari Aalto
2006-05-08 14:12:36 +02:00
.Ed
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Note that since the command-line editors try to figure out how long the prompt
is (so they know how far it is to the edge of the screen), escape codes in
the prompt tend to mess things up.
You can tell the shell not to count certain
* Build.sh: fix accidental CR-LF catastrophe (yeah, that's what you get from developing with a 16-bit MS-DOS(R) executable of your favourite text editor) * lex.c, mksh.1: do not print the delimiting character for not-to-be-counted character sequences (i.e. ANSI escapes) in prompts any more, mostly because ASCII 01h is printable on both Interix and Cygwin and I'm lazy (this also fixes prompt width counting if a printable character such as 'x' is used as delimiting character) * lex.c: through printing the prompt character by character, also print the delimited sequences if skipping, fixes some prompt redrawal not honouring colours stuff while not totally redrawing the entire prompt
2006-08-02 12:41:03 +02:00
sequences (such as escape codes) by prefixing your prompt with a
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
character (such as Ctrl-A) followed by a carriage return and then delimiting
* Build.sh: fix accidental CR-LF catastrophe (yeah, that's what you get from developing with a 16-bit MS-DOS(R) executable of your favourite text editor) * lex.c, mksh.1: do not print the delimiting character for not-to-be-counted character sequences (i.e. ANSI escapes) in prompts any more, mostly because ASCII 01h is printable on both Interix and Cygwin and I'm lazy (this also fixes prompt width counting if a printable character such as 'x' is used as delimiting character) * lex.c: through printing the prompt character by character, also print the delimited sequences if skipping, fixes some prompt redrawal not honouring colours stuff while not totally redrawing the entire prompt
2006-08-02 12:41:03 +02:00
the escape codes with this character.
Any occurences of that character in the prompt are not printed.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
By the way, don't blame me for
* Build.sh: fix accidental CR-LF catastrophe (yeah, that's what you get from developing with a 16-bit MS-DOS(R) executable of your favourite text editor) * lex.c, mksh.1: do not print the delimiting character for not-to-be-counted character sequences (i.e. ANSI escapes) in prompts any more, mostly because ASCII 01h is printable on both Interix and Cygwin and I'm lazy (this also fixes prompt width counting if a printable character such as 'x' is used as delimiting character) * lex.c: through printing the prompt character by character, also print the delimited sequences if skipping, fixes some prompt redrawal not honouring colours stuff while not totally redrawing the entire prompt
2006-08-02 12:41:03 +02:00
this hack; it's derived from the original
.Xr ksh88 1 ,
which did print the delimiter character so you were out of luck
if you did not have any non-printing characters.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Since Backslashes and other special characters may be
interpreted by the shell, to set
.Ev PS1
either escape the backslash itself,
or use double quotes.
The latter is more practical.
This is a more complex example,
avoiding to directly enter special characters (for example with
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ic \*(haV
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
in the emacs editing mode),
which embeds the current working directory,
add the keyword “colour” to the PS1 example, since it wasn’t found in here in either spelling and smultron@ wanted to see how it’s done
2009-08-14 11:00:30 +02:00
in reverse video
.Pq colour would work, too ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
in the prompt string:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
x=$(print \e\e001)
* Build.sh: fix manpage generation defaults under Cygwin * mksh.1: rework prompt ($PS1) section, simplify example, point to packaged dot.mkshrc example * mksh.1: fix description of 'redraw' regarding redrawal of prompts longer than one screen line * all: bump version/date
2006-08-02 13:50:30 +02:00
PS1="$x$(print \e\er)$x$(tput smso)$x\e$PWD$x$(tput rmso)$x\*(Gt "
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ed
document using $'…' to set $PS1 in an easier manner, after pressure
2010-05-13 20:47:50 +02:00
.Pp
Due to pressure from David G. Korn,
.Nm
now also supports the following form:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
PS1=$'\e1\er\e1\ee[7m\e1$PWD\e1\ee[0m\e1\*(Gt '
.Ed
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev PS2
Secondary prompt string, by default
.Sq \*(Gt\ \& ,
used when more input is needed to complete a command.
.It Ev PS3
Prompt used by the
.Ic select
statement when reading a menu selection.
The default is
.Sq #?\ \& .
.It Ev PS4
Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see the
.Ic set Fl x
command below).
Parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed
before it is printed.
The default is
.Sq +\ \& .
.It Ev PWD
The current working directory.
May be unset or
.Dv NULL
if the shell doesn't know where it is.
.It Ev RANDOM
on obsd/mbsd, entropy is cheap enough for us to do this (codepath in kernel checked for both) for additional seeding ($RANDOM is still from the LCG only)
2010-07-11 13:17:33 +02:00
Each time
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ev RANDOM
on obsd/mbsd, entropy is cheap enough for us to do this (codepath in kernel checked for both) for additional seeding ($RANDOM is still from the LCG only)
2010-07-11 13:17:33 +02:00
is referenced, it is assigned a number between 0 and 32767 from
a Linear Congruential PRNG first.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ev REPLY
Default parameter for the
.Ic read
command if no names are given.
Also used in
.Ic select
loops to store the value that is read from standard input.
.It Ev SECONDS
The number of seconds since the shell started or, if the parameter has been
assigned an integer value, the number of seconds since the assignment plus the
value that was assigned.
.It Ev TMOUT
If set to a positive integer in an interactive shell, it specifies the maximum
number of seconds the shell will wait for input after printing the primary
prompt
.Pq Ev PS1 .
If the time is exceeded, the shell exits.
.It Ev TMPDIR
The directory temporary shell files are created in.
If this parameter is not
set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
files are created in
.Pa /tmp .
mksh: * initialise the integers PPID, OPTIND, RANDOM, SECONDS, and TMOUT to base-10 * bring back PGRP as base-10 integer to the process group via getpgrp(2) * initialise USER_ID as base-10 integer to the effective user id as retrieved from geteuid(2) = $(id -u) * use $USER_ID in dot.mkshrc instead of spawning an id(1) process -> dot.mkshrc,v 1.34 now requires mksh R34 * convert more int to bool where appropriate * remove dead code - getpgrp(2) cannot fail * sync manual page to reality * bump to mksh R34(beta) - feature freeze XXX check if our_pgrp in jobs.c is still really needed, the setpgid call XXX probably just makes us our own pgrp leader, and we might have to use XXX and update kshpgrp accordingly - need feedback/help here but I think XXX this simplification should be possible if I grok the code correctly. etc/profile: * adjust to $USER_ID changes in mksh (speed-up here, too) mksh.hts: * sync changelog
2008-05-15 17:24:11 +02:00
.It Ev USER_ID
The effective user id of the shell.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Ss Tilde expansion
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
Tilde expansion which is done in parallel with parameter substitution, is done
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
on words starting with an unquoted
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \*(TI .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The characters following the tilde, up to the first
.Ql / ,
if any, are assumed to be a login name.
If the login name is empty,
.Ql + ,
or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the value of the
.Ev HOME ,
.Ev PWD ,
or
.Ev OLDPWD
parameter is substituted, respectively.
Otherwise, the password file is
searched for the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
user's home directory.
If the login name is not found in the password file or
if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name, no
substitution is performed.
.Pp
In parameter assignments
(such as those preceding a simple-command or those occurring
in the arguments of
.Ic alias ,
.Ic export ,
replace typeset with local, as style(9) now mandates (keep globals for a while, until it’s widespread, though) since we don’t export PS1 any longer, no need to stay AT&T ksh compatible
2011-07-05 22:19:18 +02:00
.Ic global ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic readonly ,
and
.Ic typeset ) ,
tilde expansion is done after any assignment
(i.e. after the equals sign)
or after an unquoted colon
.Pq Sq \&: ;
login names are also delimited by colons.
.Pp
The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
The
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic alias \-d
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
command may be used to list, change, and add to this cache (e.g.\&
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ic alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd \*(TIfac/bin ) .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ss Brace expansion (alteration)
Brace expressions take the following form:
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
.Sm off
.Xo
.Ar prefix No { Ar str1 No ,...,
.Ar strN No } Ar suffix
.Xc
.Sm on
.Ed
.Pp
The expressions are expanded to
.Ar N
words, each of which is the concatenation of
.Ar prefix ,
.Ar str Ns i ,
and
.Ar suffix
(e.g.\&
.Dq a{c,b{X,Y},d}e
expands to four words:
.Dq ace ,
.Dq abXe ,
.Dq abYe ,
and
.Dq ade ) .
As noted in the example, brace expressions can be nested and the resulting
words are not sorted.
Brace expressions must contain an unquoted comma
.Pq Sq \&,
for expansion to occur (e.g.\&
.Ic {}
and
.Ic {foo}
are not expanded).
Brace expansion is carried out after parameter substitution
and before file name generation.
.Ss File name patterns
A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
.Ql \&? ,
.Ql * ,
.Ql + ,
.Ql @ ,
or
.Ql \&!
characters or
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Dq \&[..]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
sequences.
Once brace expansion has been performed, the shell replaces file
name patterns with the sorted names of all the files that match the pattern
(if no files match, the word is left unchanged).
The pattern elements have the following meaning:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It \&?
Matches any single character.
.It \&*
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
Matches any sequence of octets.
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It \&[..]
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
Matches any of the octets inside the brackets.
Ranges of octets can be specified by separating two octets by a
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
(e.g.\&
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Dq \&[a0\-9]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
matches the letter
.Sq a
or any digit).
In order to represent itself, a
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
must either be quoted or the first or last octet in the octet list.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Similarly, a
.Ql \&]
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
must be quoted or the first octet in the list if it is to represent itself
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
instead of the end of the list.
Also, a
.Ql \&!
appearing at the start of the list has special meaning (see below), so to
represent itself it must be quoted or appear later in the list.
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.It \&[!..]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Like [..],
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
except it matches any octet not inside the brackets.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sm off
.It *( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
.Sm on
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
Matches any string of octets that matches zero or more occurrences of the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
specified patterns.
Example: The pattern
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ic *(foo\*(Babar)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
matches the strings
.Dq ,
.Dq foo ,
.Dq bar ,
.Dq foobarfoo ,
etc.
.Sm off
.It +( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
.Sm on
sync with reality
2009-11-22 00:21:23 +01:00
Matches any string of octets that matches one or more occurrences of the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
specified patterns.
Example: The pattern
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ic +(foo\*(Babar)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
matches the strings
.Dq foo ,
.Dq bar ,
.Dq foobar ,
etc.
.Sm off
.It ?( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
.Sm on
Matches the empty string or a string that matches one of the specified
patterns.
Example: The pattern
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ic ?(foo\*(Babar)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
only matches the strings
.Dq ,
.Dq foo ,
and
.Dq bar .
.Sm off
.It @( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
.Sm on
Matches a string that matches one of the specified patterns.
Example: The pattern
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ic @(foo\*(Babar)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
only matches the strings
.Dq foo
and
.Dq bar .
.Sm off
.It !( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
.Sm on
Matches any string that does not match one of the specified patterns.
Examples: The pattern
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ic !(foo\*(Babar)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
matches all strings except
.Dq foo
and
.Dq bar ;
the pattern
.Ic !(*)
matches no strings; the pattern
.Ic !(?)*\&
matches all strings (think about it).
.El
.Pp
Note that
.Nm mksh
First result from the PDF review, by myself: * a mksh -> an mksh While here: * fix list of shells that don't match . and .. with .* (pdksh went missing in transit) * Try to make fit on 39 pages by shortening a few lines of redundant commentary about non-mksh books * AT&T -> .At
2006-08-28 05:31:01 +02:00
.Po and Nm pdksh Pc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
never matches
.Sq \&.
and
.Sq .. ,
First result from the PDF review, by myself: * a mksh -> an mksh While here: * fix list of shells that don't match . and .. with .* (pdksh went missing in transit) * Try to make fit on 39 pages by shortening a few lines of redundant commentary about non-mksh books * AT&T -> .At
2006-08-28 05:31:01 +02:00
but
.At
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Nm ksh ,
Bourne
.Nm sh ,
and GNU
.Nm bash
do.
.Pp
Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period
.Pq Sq \&.
at the start of a file name or a slash
.Pq Sq / ,
even if they are explicitly used in a [..] sequence; also, the names
.Sq \&.
and
.Sq ..
are never matched, even by the pattern
.Sq .* .
.Pp
If the
.Ic markdirs
option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
with a trailing
.Ql / .
.Ss Input/output redirection
When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output, and standard
error (file descriptors 0, 1, and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
the shell.
Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
asynchronous commands created when job control is disabled, for which standard
input is initially set to be from
.Pa /dev/null ,
and commands for which any of the following redirections have been specified:
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width XXxxmarker
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It \*(Gt Ar file
Standard output is redirected to
.Ar file .
If
.Ar file
does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file, and the
.Ic noclobber
option is set, an error occurs; otherwise, the file is truncated.
Note that this means the command
• more on pipelines vs subshells • remove some superfluous spaces
2009-09-06 20:17:51 +02:00
.Ic cmd \*(Ltfoo \*(Gtfoo
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
will open
.Ar foo
for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing, before
.Ar cmd
gets a chance to actually read
.Ar foo .
.It \*(Gt\*(Ba Ar file
Same as
.Ic \*(Gt ,
except the file is truncated, even if the
.Ic noclobber
option is set.
.It \*(Gt\*(Gt Ar file
Same as
.Ic \*(Gt ,
except if
.Ar file
exists it is appended to instead of being truncated.
Also, the file is opened
in append mode, so writes always go to the end of the file (see
.Xr open 2 ) .
.It \*(Lt Ar file
Standard input is redirected from
.Ar file ,
which is opened for reading.
.It \*(Lt\*(Gt Ar file
Same as
.Ic \*(Lt ,
except the file is opened for reading and writing.
.It \*(Lt\*(Lt Ar marker
After reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
.Dq here document ) ,
the shell copies lines from the command source into a temporary file until a
line matching
.Ar marker
is read.
When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the
temporary file.
If
.Ar marker
contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
backslash
.Pq Sq \e
escapes for
.Ql $ ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \` ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql \e ,
and
* convert most of the interna of edit.c to unsigned where it's important for the signedness of the target, to enable using high-bit7 characters on the command line (eg. in UTF-8 locales) * make emacs-usemeta and vi-show8 equivalent and document that in the manual page (i.e. beware if you're in a latin1 locale) * do not reference SUSv3 (helps GNU groff), write \&" out instead
2006-02-16 12:48:32 +01:00
.Ql \enewline ,
but not for
.Ql \&" .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are saved in
order.
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
.Pp
If no
.Ar marker
is given, the here document ends at the next
.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt
and substitution will be performed.
If
.Ar marker
is only a set of either single
.Dq \*(aq\*(aq
or double
.Sq \&""
quotes with nothing in between, the here document ends at the next empty line
and substitution will not be performed.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It \*(Lt\*(Lt\- Ar marker
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Same as
.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt ,
except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the here document.
implement “here strings”
2008-02-26 21:43:11 +01:00
.It \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt Ar word
Same as
.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt ,
except that
.Ar word
.Em is
the here document.
This is called a here string.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It \*(Lt& Ar fd
Standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
.Ar fd .
.Ar fd
• bump NUFILE and FDBASE, allowing for more than 10 fds used by scripts • change the code to accept more than a single digit for an fd
2008-07-09 23:32:45 +02:00
can be a number, indicating the number of an existing file descriptor;
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the letter
.Ql p ,
indicating the file descriptor associated with the output of the current
co-process; or the character
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
indicating standard input is to be closed.
• bump NUFILE and FDBASE, allowing for more than 10 fds used by scripts • change the code to accept more than a single digit for an fd
2008-07-09 23:32:45 +02:00
Note that
.Ar fd
is limited to a single digit in most shell implementations.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It \*(Gt& Ar fd
Same as
.Ic \*(Lt& ,
except the operation is done on standard output.
• add code to support GNU bash’s “&> file” I/O redirection extension, and make it fit into mksh’s model (also gives us a couple of things GNU bash doesn’t have • add regression tests for all of these Lukas “smultron” Upton from MidnightBSD spotted a script with /bin/sh shebang invalidly using “&>” in some Apple backup toolkit, 10x XXX why fds are limited to one digit?
2008-06-29 00:51:56 +02:00
.It &\*(Gt Ar file
Same as
.Ic \*(Gt Ar file 2\*(Gt&1 .
This is a GNU
.Nm bash
extension supported by
.Nm
• bump NUFILE and FDBASE, allowing for more than 10 fds used by scripts • change the code to accept more than a single digit for an fd
2008-07-09 23:32:45 +02:00
which also supports the preceding explicit fd number, for example,
• add code to support GNU bash’s “&> file” I/O redirection extension, and make it fit into mksh’s model (also gives us a couple of things GNU bash doesn’t have • add regression tests for all of these Lukas “smultron” Upton from MidnightBSD spotted a script with /bin/sh shebang invalidly using “&>” in some Apple backup toolkit, 10x XXX why fds are limited to one digit?
2008-06-29 00:51:56 +02:00
.Ic 3&\*(Gt Ar file
is the same as
.Ic 3\*(Gt Ar file 2\*(Gt&3
in
.Nm
but a syntax error in GNU
.Nm bash .
.It Xo
fix more manpages
2009-11-22 19:23:38 +01:00
.No &\*(Gt\*(Ba Ar file ,
• add code to support GNU bash’s “&> file” I/O redirection extension, and make it fit into mksh’s model (also gives us a couple of things GNU bash doesn’t have • add regression tests for all of these Lukas “smultron” Upton from MidnightBSD spotted a script with /bin/sh shebang invalidly using “&>” in some Apple backup toolkit, 10x XXX why fds are limited to one digit?
2008-06-29 00:51:56 +02:00
.No &\*(Gt\*(Gt Ar file ,
.No &\*(Gt& Ar fd
.Xc
Same as
fix more manpages
2009-11-22 19:23:38 +01:00
.Ic \*(Gt\*(Ba Ar file ,
• add code to support GNU bash’s “&> file” I/O redirection extension, and make it fit into mksh’s model (also gives us a couple of things GNU bash doesn’t have • add regression tests for all of these Lukas “smultron” Upton from MidnightBSD spotted a script with /bin/sh shebang invalidly using “&>” in some Apple backup toolkit, 10x XXX why fds are limited to one digit?
2008-06-29 00:51:56 +02:00
.Ic \*(Gt\*(Gt Ar file ,
or
.Ic \*(Gt& Ar fd ,
followed by
.Ic 2\*(Gt&1 ,
as above.
These are
.Nm
extensions.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
(i.e. standard input or standard output)
can be explicitly given by preceding the
• bump NUFILE and FDBASE, allowing for more than 10 fds used by scripts • change the code to accept more than a single digit for an fd
2008-07-09 23:32:45 +02:00
redirection with a number (portably, only a single digit).
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Parameter, command, and arithmetic
substitutions, tilde substitutions, and (if the shell is interactive)
file name generation are all performed on the
.Ar file ,
.Ar marker ,
and
.Ar fd
arguments of redirections.
Note, however, that the results of any file name
generation are only used if a single file is matched; if multiple files match,
the word with the expanded file name generation characters is used.
Note
that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot be used.
.Pp
For simple-commands, redirections may appear anywhere in the command; for
compound-commands
.Po
.Ic if
statements, etc.
.Pc ,
any redirections must appear at the end.
Redirections are processed after
pipelines are created and in the order they are given, so the following
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
will print an error with a line number prepended to it:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
• use a flag for determining here strings, don’t parse delimiter every time • don’t leak memory parsing possible I/O redirection tokens • get rid of volatile by using more const (also helps codegen, methinks) • support empty here document markers (mksh extension) • pimp the manpage
2011-05-05 02:05:01 +02:00
.D1 $ cat /foo/bar 2\*(Gt&1 \*(Gt/dev/null \*(Ba pr \-n \-t
• bring back automatic turn-on of FPOSIX if called as sh/-sh ‣ only if !MKSH_SMALL ‣ add appropriate regression test • if FPOSIX is set, do not close fds > 2 on exec, Debian #499139 • add appropriate regression tests for keeping fds private or not
2008-09-17 21:31:30 +02:00
.Pp
File descriptors created by input/output redirections are private to the
Korn shell, but passed to sub-processes if
To solve the incompatibility issues between mksh-current, old mksh versions and vendor pdksh versions, re-introduce FPOSIX alongside FSH. The semantics are now: ‣ set -o posix ⇒ • disable brace expansion and FSH when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh ‣ set -o sh ⇒ • set automatically #ifdef MKSH_BINSHREDUCED • disable brace expansion and FPOSIX when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh • trigger MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT mode if compiled in • make “set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")” construct work Note that the set/getopt one used to behave POSIXly only with FSH or FPOSIX (depending on the mksh version) set and Bourne-ish with it not set, so this changes default mksh behaviour to POSIX!
2010-01-28 16:18:51 +01:00
.Fl o Ic posix
or
* rename "set -o posix" (FPOSIX) to "set -o sh" (FSH) because it's not just a "somewhat more POSIX" but also a "/bin/sh legacy kludge" mode * consistently capitalise POSIX and SUSv3/SUSv4 (same as AT&T ksh) and Bourne shell
2009-10-02 20:08:37 +02:00
.Fl o Ic sh
• bring back automatic turn-on of FPOSIX if called as sh/-sh ‣ only if !MKSH_SMALL ‣ add appropriate regression test • if FPOSIX is set, do not close fds > 2 on exec, Debian #499139 • add appropriate regression tests for keeping fds private or not
2008-09-17 21:31:30 +02:00
is set.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ss Arithmetic expressions
Integer arithmetic expressions can be used with the
.Ic let
command, inside $((..)) expressions, inside array references (e.g.\&
.Ar name Ns Bq Ar expr ) ,
as numeric arguments to the
.Ic test
command, and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
.Pp
implement unsigned arithmetics as an mksh extension
2008-12-17 20:39:23 +01:00
Expressions are calculated using signed arithmetic and the
sprinkle mksh_ari_t to limit arithmetics to 32 bit even on Debian Lenny/amd64 (XXX need more verification; this can be used for 64 bit arithmetics later too) PPID, PGRP, RANDOM, USER_ID are now unsigned by default
2009-03-14 19:12:55 +01:00
.Vt mksh_ari_t
type (a 32-bit signed integer), unless they begin with a sole
implement unsigned arithmetics as an mksh extension
2008-12-17 20:39:23 +01:00
.Sq #
character, in which case they use
sprinkle mksh_ari_t to limit arithmetics to 32 bit even on Debian Lenny/amd64 (XXX need more verification; this can be used for 64 bit arithmetics later too) PPID, PGRP, RANDOM, USER_ID are now unsigned by default
2009-03-14 19:12:55 +01:00
.Vt mksh_uari_t
.Po a 32-bit unsigned integer Pc .
implement unsigned arithmetics as an mksh extension
2008-12-17 20:39:23 +01:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
.Pp
Unary operators:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
+ \- ! \*(TI ++ \-\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ed
.Pp
Binary operators:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
= *= /= %= += \-= \*(Lt\*(Lt= \*(Gt\*(Gt= &= \*(ha= \*(Ba=
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
\*(Ba\*(Ba
&&
\*(Ba
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
\*(ha
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
&
== !=
\*(Lt \*(Lt= \*(Gt= \*(Gt
\*(Lt\*(Lt \*(Gt\*(Gt
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
+ \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
* / %
.Ed
.Pp
Ternary operators:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
?: (precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
.Ed
.Pp
Grouping operators:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
( )
.Ed
.Pp
• finally, the code and manual page text to deprecate, and code to not handle any more, octal 010 style constants, as promised • overhaul the manpage re. arithmetic expressions, make the guarantees mksh code has explicitly, precisely, clear • to reduce burden of the compiler, getint() now operates on mksh_uari_t internally; it already applied the sign after operation, anyway (C99 guarantees wraparound on unsigned types, but for signed types we need specific compiler support; apparently, this comes from hardware limits) • use const and shuffle order of locals around while here
2011-12-10 14:34:19 +01:00
Integer constants and expressions are calculated using an exactly 32-bit
wide, signed or unsigned, type with silent wraparound on integer overflow.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Integer constants may be specified with arbitrary bases using the notation
.Ar base Ns # Ns Ar number ,
where
.Ar base
is a decimal integer specifying the base, and
.Ar number
is a number in the specified base.
• finally, the code and manual page text to deprecate, and code to not handle any more, octal 010 style constants, as promised • overhaul the manpage re. arithmetic expressions, make the guarantees mksh code has explicitly, precisely, clear • to reduce burden of the compiler, getint() now operates on mksh_uari_t internally; it already applied the sign after operation, anyway (C99 guarantees wraparound on unsigned types, but for signed types we need specific compiler support; apparently, this comes from hardware limits) • use const and shuffle order of locals around while here
2011-12-10 14:34:19 +01:00
Additionally, base-16 integers may be specified by prefixing them with
.Sq 0x Pq case-insensitive
in all forms of arithmetic expressions, except as numeric arguments to the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic test
• finally, the code and manual page text to deprecate, and code to not handle any more, octal 010 style constants, as promised • overhaul the manpage re. arithmetic expressions, make the guarantees mksh code has explicitly, precisely, clear • to reduce burden of the compiler, getint() now operates on mksh_uari_t internally; it already applied the sign after operation, anyway (C99 guarantees wraparound on unsigned types, but for signed types we need specific compiler support; apparently, this comes from hardware limits) • use const and shuffle order of locals around while here
2011-12-10 14:34:19 +01:00
built-in command.
Base-8 integers may be specified by prefixing them with
.Sq 0 ,
but this is deprecated and will be removed in the next version of
.Nm .
• more unsigned → unsigned int • more int → bool • more regression tests: check if the utf8-hack flag is really disabled at non-interactive startup, enabled at interactive startup, if the current locale is a UTF-8 one • make the mksh-local multibyte handling functions globally accessible, change their names, syntax and semantics a little (XXX more work needed) • optimise • utf_wctomb: src → dst, as we’re writing to that char array (pasto?) • edit.c:x_e_getmbc(): if the second byte of a 2- or 3-byte multibyte sequence is invalid utf-8, ungetc it (not possible for the 3rd byte yet) • edit.c:x_zotc3(): easier (and faster) handling of UTF-8 • implement, document and test for base-1 numbers: they just get the ASCII (8-bit) or Unicode (UTF-8) value of the octet(s) after the ‘1#’, or do the same as print \x## or \u#### (depending on the utf8-hack flag), plus support the PUA assignment of EF80‥EFFF for the MirBSD encoding “hack” (print doesn’t, as it has \x## and \u#### to distinguish, but we cannot use base-0 numbers which I had planned to use for raw octets first, as they are used internally): http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.os.miros.general/7938 • as an application example, add a hexdumper to the regression tests ☺
2008-04-20 00:15:06 +02:00
As a special
.Nm mksh
extension, numbers to the base of one are treated as either (8-bit
transparent) ASCII or Unicode codepoints, depending on the shell's
rename utf8-hack to utf8-mode (use set -U or set +U instead, anyway) and announce less hackish things
2008-12-04 19:11:08 +01:00
.Ic utf8\-mode
• more unsigned → unsigned int • more int → bool • more regression tests: check if the utf8-hack flag is really disabled at non-interactive startup, enabled at interactive startup, if the current locale is a UTF-8 one • make the mksh-local multibyte handling functions globally accessible, change their names, syntax and semantics a little (XXX more work needed) • optimise • utf_wctomb: src → dst, as we’re writing to that char array (pasto?) • edit.c:x_e_getmbc(): if the second byte of a 2- or 3-byte multibyte sequence is invalid utf-8, ungetc it (not possible for the 3rd byte yet) • edit.c:x_zotc3(): easier (and faster) handling of UTF-8 • implement, document and test for base-1 numbers: they just get the ASCII (8-bit) or Unicode (UTF-8) value of the octet(s) after the ‘1#’, or do the same as print \x## or \u#### (depending on the utf8-hack flag), plus support the PUA assignment of EF80‥EFFF for the MirBSD encoding “hack” (print doesn’t, as it has \x## and \u#### to distinguish, but we cannot use base-0 numbers which I had planned to use for raw octets first, as they are used internally): http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.os.miros.general/7938 • as an application example, add a hexdumper to the regression tests ☺
2008-04-20 00:15:06 +02:00
flag (current setting).
Support Dave Korn’s alternative 「'a'」 (or 「'…'」) form for base-one integers in addition to my 「1#a」 (or 「1#…」), which also allows for finer end-of-character checking. Note that this is locale-dependent in ksh93, set ±U dependent in mksh, and mksh’s OPTU-16 encoding is used.
2009-09-06 19:55:55 +02:00
The
.At
.Nm ksh93
syntax of
.Dq \*(aqx\*(aq
instead of
.Dq 1#x
is also supported.
NUL bytes don’t work
2008-05-10 20:10:02 +02:00
Note that NUL bytes (integral value of zero) cannot be used.
mention MirOS OPTU-8 (and OPTU-16) encoding some more
2008-08-02 02:57:28 +02:00
In Unicode mode, raw octets are mapped into the range EF80..EFFF as in
OPTU-8, which is in the PUA and has been assigned by CSUR for this use.
ok, so instead of removing the “-o utf8-hack” behaviour of the 1#* operator we just tell the user to only throw valid CESU-8 or single octets on it
2008-04-20 03:12:52 +02:00
If more than one octet in ASCII mode, or a sequence of more than one
octet not forming a valid and minimal CESU-8 sequence is passed, the
behaviour is undefined (usually, the shell aborts with a parse error,
but rarely, it succeeds, e.g. on the sequence C2 20).
That's why you should always use ASCII mode unless you know that the
make it clearer (and most people don’t know what CESU-8 is, anyway)
2008-04-20 03:47:59 +02:00
input is well-formed UTF-8 in the range of 0000..FFFD.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
The operators are evaluated as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
.It unary +
Result is the argument (included for completeness).
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It unary \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Negation.
.It \&!
Logical NOT;
the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(TI
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Arithmetic (bit-wise) NOT.
.It ++
Increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other expression).
The parameter is incremented by 1.
When used as a prefix operator, the result
is the incremented value of the parameter; when used as a postfix operator, the
result is the original value of the parameter.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It \-\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Similar to
.Ic ++ ,
except the parameter is decremented by 1.
.It \&,
Separates two arithmetic expressions; the left-hand side is evaluated first,
then the right.
The result is the value of the expression on the right-hand side.
.It =
Assignment; the variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
.It Xo
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.No *= /= += \-= \*(Lt\*(Lt=
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(Gt\*(Gt= &= \*(ha= \*(Ba=
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Assignment operators.
.Sm off
sync with oksh: get rid of overlapping blocks discouraged by [16]mdoc.samples(7); found by and unbreaking the build with [17]mandoc(1); "fine" jmc@ sobrado@
2010-02-25 22:05:00 +01:00
.Ao Ar var Ac Xo
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Aq Ar op
.No = Aq Ar expr
.Xc
.Sm on
is the same as
.Sm off
sync with oksh: get rid of overlapping blocks discouraged by [16]mdoc.samples(7); found by and unbreaking the build with [17]mandoc(1); "fine" jmc@ sobrado@
2010-02-25 22:05:00 +01:00
.Ao Ar var Ac Xo
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.No = Aq Ar var
.Aq Ar op
.Aq Ar expr ,
.Xc
.Sm on
with any operator precedence in
.Aq Ar expr
preserved.
For example,
.Dq var1 *= 5 + 3
is the same as specifying
.Dq var1 = var1 * (5 + 3) .
.It \*(Ba\*(Ba
Logical OR;
the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not.
The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
.It &&
Logical AND;
the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not.
The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
.It \*(Ba
Arithmetic (bit-wise) OR.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(ha
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Arithmetic (bit-wise) XOR
(exclusive-OR).
.It &
Arithmetic (bit-wise) AND.
.It ==
Equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
.It !=
Not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
.It \*(Lt
Less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right, 0 if
not.
.It \*(Lt= \*(Gt= \*(Gt
Less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than.
See
.Ic \*(Lt .
.It \*(Lt\*(Lt \*(Gt\*(Gt
Shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted left
(right) by the amount given in the right argument.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It + \- * /
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
.It %
Remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument by
the right.
The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument is negative.
.It Xo
.Sm off
.Aq Ar arg1 ?
.Aq Ar arg2 :
.Aq Ar arg3
.Sm on
.Xc
If
.Aq Ar arg1
is non-zero, the result is
.Aq Ar arg2 ;
otherwise the result is
.Aq Ar arg3 .
.El
.Ss Co-processes
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
A co-process (which is a pipeline created with the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sq \*(Ba&
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
operator) is an asynchronous process that the shell can both write to (using
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic print \-p )
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and read from (using
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic read \-p ) .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The input and output of the co-process can also be manipulated using
.Ic \*(Gt&p
and
.Ic \*(Lt&p
redirections, respectively.
Once a co-process has been started, another can't
be started until the co-process exits, or until the co-process's input has been
redirected using an
.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \*(Gt&p
redirection.
If a co-process's input is redirected in this way, the next
co-process to be started will share the output with the first co-process,
unless the output of the initial co-process has been redirected using an
.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \*(Lt&p
redirection.
.Pp
Some notes concerning co-processes:
.Bl -bullet
.It
The only way to close the co-process's input (so the co-process reads an
end-of-file) is to redirect the input to a numbered file descriptor and then
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
close that file descriptor:
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic exec 3\*(Gt&p; exec 3\*(Gt&\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It
In order for co-processes to share a common output, the shell must keep the
write portion of the output pipe open.
This means that end-of-file will not be
detected until all co-processes sharing the co-process's output have exited
(when they all exit, the shell closes its copy of the pipe).
This can be
avoided by redirecting the output to a numbered file descriptor (as this also
causes the shell to close its copy).
Note that this behaviour is slightly
different from the original Korn shell which closes its copy of the write
portion of the co-process output when the most recently started co-process
(instead of when all sharing co-processes) exits.
.It
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic print \-p
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
will ignore
.Dv SIGPIPE
signals during writes if the signal is not being trapped or ignored; the same
is true if the co-process input has been duplicated to another file descriptor
and
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic print \-u Ns Ar n
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is used.
.El
.Ss Functions
Functions are defined using either Korn shell
.Ic function Ar function-name
syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Ar function-name Ns \&()
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
syntax (see below for the difference between the two forms).
Functions are like
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Li .\(hyscripts
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
(i.e. scripts sourced using the
.Sq \&.
built-in)
in that they are executed in the current environment.
However, unlike
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Li .\(hyscripts ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
shell arguments (i.e. positional parameters $1, $2, etc.)\&
are never visible inside them.
When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions
are searched after special built-in commands, before regular and
non-regular built-ins, and before the
.Ev PATH
is searched.
.Pp
An existing function may be deleted using
.Ic unset Fl f Ar function-name .
A list of functions can be obtained using
.Ic typeset +f
and the function definitions can be listed using
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic typeset \-f .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The
.Ic autoload
command (which is an alias for
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic typeset \-fu )
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
may be used to create undefined functions: when an undefined function is
executed, the shell searches the path specified in the
.Ev FPATH
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
parameter for a file with the same name as the function which, if found, is
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
read and executed.
If after executing the file the named function is found to
be defined, the function is executed; otherwise, the normal command search is
continued (i.e. the shell searches the regular built-in command table and
.Ev PATH ) .
Note that if a command is not found using
.Ev PATH ,
an attempt is made to autoload a function using
.Ev FPATH
(this is an undocumented feature of the original Korn shell).
.Pp
Functions can have two attributes,
.Dq trace
and
.Dq export ,
which can be set with
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic typeset \-ft
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic typeset \-fx ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
respectively.
When a traced function is executed, the shell's
.Ic xtrace
funnily enough “typeset -ft” description already was “correct” as to the today’s behaviour (and AT&T ksh’s) but the general function overview (and description) wasn’t…
2011-04-17 17:43:12 +02:00
option is turned on for the function's duration.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The
.Dq export
attribute of functions is currently not used.
In the original Korn shell,
exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
.Pp
Since functions are executed in the current shell environment, parameter
assignments made inside functions are visible after the function completes.
If this is not the desired effect, the
.Ic typeset
command can be used inside a function to create a local parameter.
document more differences to ksh93; here: static vs dynamic scoping
2009-09-05 19:12:49 +02:00
Note that
.At
.Nm ksh93
uses static scoping (one global scope, one local scope per function), whereas
.Nm mksh
uses dynamic scoping (nested scopes of varying locality).
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Note that special parameters (e.g.\&
.Ic \&$$ , $! )
can't be scoped in this way.
.Pp
The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in the
function.
A function can be made to finish immediately using the
.Ic return
command; this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
.Pp
Functions defined with the
.Ic function
reserved word are treated differently in the following ways from functions
defined with the
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Ic \&()
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
notation:
.Bl -bullet
.It
The $0 parameter is set to the name of the function
(Bourne-style functions leave $0 untouched).
.It
Parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in the shell
environment (executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
.It
.Ev OPTIND
is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function so
.Ic getopts
can be used properly both inside and outside the function (Bourne-style
functions leave
.Ev OPTIND
untouched, so using
.Ic getopts
inside a function interferes with using
.Ic getopts
outside the function).
be more robust against things like Debian #535970 reverts and rewrites the code from cid 10047C1EBA57E4F4AF0 XXX find out if this is done right
2009-07-06 17:06:25 +02:00
.It
Bourne-style function definitions take precedence over alias dereferences
and remove alias definitions upon encounter, while aliases take precedence
over Korn-style functions.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
In the future, the following differences will also be added:
.Bl -bullet
.It
A separate trap/signal environment will be used during the execution of
functions.
This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the
shell's traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be
trapped) will have their default effect in a function.
.It
The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
returns.
.El
.Ss Command execution
After evaluation of command-line arguments, redirections, and parameter
assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in, a
function, a regular built-in, or the name of a file to execute found using the
.Ev PATH
parameter.
The checks are made in the above order.
Special built-in commands differ from other commands in that the
.Ev PATH
parameter is not used to find them, an error during their execution can
cause a non-interactive shell to exit, and parameter assignments that are
specified before the command are kept after the command completes.
Regular built-in commands are different only in that the
.Ev PATH
parameter is not used to find them.
.Pp
The original
.Nm ksh
and POSIX differ somewhat in which commands are considered
special or regular:
.Pp
POSIX special commands
.Pp
.Ic \&. , \&: , break , continue ,
.Ic eval , exec , exit , export ,
.Ic readonly , return , set , shift ,
sync special commands list (XXX why is alias there twice? pdksh.deb too…)
2009-07-08 12:37:24 +02:00
.Ic trap , unset , wait
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Additional
.Nm
special commands
.Pp
replace typeset with local, as style(9) now mandates (keep globals for a while, until it’s widespread, though) since we don’t export PS1 any longer, no need to stay AT&T ksh compatible
2011-07-05 22:19:18 +02:00
.Ic builtin , global , times , typeset
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Very special commands
.Pq non-POSIX
.Pp
.Ic alias , readonly , set , typeset
.Pp
POSIX regular commands
.Pp
.Ic alias , bg , cd , command ,
.Ic false , fc , fg , getopts ,
.Ic jobs , kill , read , true ,
sync special commands list (XXX why is alias there twice? pdksh.deb too…)
2009-07-08 12:37:24 +02:00
.Ic umask , unalias
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Additional
.Nm
regular commands
.Pp
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Ic \&[ , chdir , bind , cat ,
.Ic echo , let , mknod , print ,
.Ic printf , pwd , realpath , rename ,
add a sleep builtin that can deal with fractions too
2011-02-11 01:41:38 +01:00
.Ic sleep , test , ulimit , whence
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
In the future, the additional
.Nm
special and regular commands may be treated
differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
.Pp
Once the type of command has been determined, any command-line parameter
assignments are performed and exported for the duration of the command.
.Pp
The following describes the special and regular built-in commands:
.Pp
while testing haserl-0.9.26 on MirBSD, I discovered that the echo builtin in FSH mode did in fact, contrary to POSIX and Debian Policy 10.4 behavi- our (I think), interpret escape sequences; fix and add testsuite for echo
2009-10-10 23:17:31 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width false -compact
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ic \&. Ar file Op Ar arg ...
Implement the “source” command, as requested by some and agreed bsiegert@ In contrast to AT&T ksh93, its semantics are like GNU bash in that it ap- pends the current working directory to the search path; it is implemented as a shell alias instead of enhancing funcs.c:shbuiltins[] like in ksh93.
2007-08-13 21:39:21 +02:00
This is called the
.Dq dot
command.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Execute the commands in
.Ar file
in the current environment.
The file is searched for in the directories of
.Ev PATH .
If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to access them
while
.Ar file
is being executed.
If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are
those of the environment the command is used in.
.Pp
.It Ic \&: Op Ar ...
The null command.
Exit status is set to zero.
.Pp
.It Xo Ic alias
.Oo Fl d \*(Ba t Oo Fl r Oc \*(Ba
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Cm +\-x Oc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Fl p
.Op Cm +
.Oo Ar name
.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
.Ar ... Oc
.Xc
Without arguments,
.Ic alias
lists all aliases.
For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
Any name with a value defines an alias (see
.Sx Aliases
above).
.Pp
When listing aliases, one of two formats is used.
Normally, aliases are listed as
.Ar name Ns = Ns Ar value ,
where
.Ar value
is quoted.
If options were preceded with
.Ql + ,
or a lone
.Ql +
is given on the command line, only
.Ar name
is printed.
.Pp
The
.Fl d
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
option causes directory aliases which are used in tilde expansion to be
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
listed or set (see
.Sx Tilde expansion
above).
.Pp
If the
.Fl p
option is used, each alias is prefixed with the string
.Dq alias\ \& .
.Pp
The
.Fl t
option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set (values specified on
the command line are ignored for tracked aliases).
The
.Fl r
option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
.Pp
The
.Fl x
option sets
.Pq Ic +x No clears
the export attribute of an alias, or, if no names are given, lists the aliases
with the export attribute (exporting an alias has no effect).
.Pp
.It Ic bg Op Ar job ...
Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background.
If no jobs are specified,
.Ic %+
is assumed.
See
.Sx Job control
below for more information.
.Pp
.It Ic bind Op Fl l
The current bindings are listed.
If the
.Fl l
flag is given,
.Ic bind
instead lists the names of the functions to which keys may be bound.
See
.Sx Emacs editing mode
for more information.
.Pp
.It Xo Ic bind Op Fl m
.Ar string Ns = Ns Op Ar substitute
.Ar ...
.Xc
.It Xo Ic bind
.Ar string Ns = Ns Op Ar editing-command
.Ar ...
.Xc
The specified editing command is bound to the given
.Ar string ,
which should consist of a control character
implement a hack whereas you can now bind functions (and macros) to keys with a trailing tilde (after prefix + control char); the function is then invoked after prefices, control char and one more character X are entered; if X is not a tilde, it is ungetc(3)d
2006-08-02 15:32:18 +02:00
optionally preceded by one of the two prefix characters
and optionally succeded by a tilde character.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Future input of the
.Ar string
will cause the editing command to be immediately invoked.
If the
.Fl m
flag is given, the specified input
.Ar string
will afterwards be immediately replaced by the given
.Ar substitute
• document new (clarified) macro behaviour – bugfix • make bind ^X vs ^[[ section more clear
2009-04-05 14:45:25 +02:00
string which may contain editing commands but not other macros.
implement a hack whereas you can now bind functions (and macros) to keys with a trailing tilde (after prefix + control char); the function is then invoked after prefices, control char and one more character X are entered; if X is not a tilde, it is ungetc(3)d
2006-08-02 15:32:18 +02:00
If a tilde postfix is given, a tilde trailing the one or
two prefices and the control character is ignored, any
other trailing character will be processed afterwards.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Control characters may be written using caret notation
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
i.e. \*(haX represents Ctrl-X.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
Note that although only two prefix characters (usually ESC and \*(haX)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
are supported, some multi-character sequences can be supported.
.Pp
bind xterm-xfree86 and wscons (NetBSD®) wsvt25/vt220 too
2006-08-02 16:00:19 +02:00
The following default bindings show how the arrow keys, the home, end and
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
delete key on a BSD wsvt25, xterm\-xfree86 or GNU screen terminal are bound
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
(of course some escape sequences won't work out quite this nicely):
.Bd -literal -offset indent
• document new (clarified) macro behaviour – bugfix • make bind ^X vs ^[[ section more clear
2009-04-05 14:45:25 +02:00
bind \*(aq\*(haX\*(aq=prefix\-2
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
bind \*(aq\*(ha[[\*(aq=prefix\-2
bind \*(aq\*(haXA\*(aq=up\-history
bind \*(aq\*(haXB\*(aq=down\-history
bind \*(aq\*(haXC\*(aq=forward\-char
bind \*(aq\*(haXD\*(aq=backward\-char
bind \*(aq\*(haX1\*(TI\*(aq=beginning\-of\-line
bind \*(aq\*(haX7\*(TI\*(aq=beginning\-of\-line
bind \*(aq\*(haXH\*(aq=beginning\-of\-line
bind \*(aq\*(haX4\*(TI\*(aq=end\-of\-line
bind \*(aq\*(haX8\*(TI\*(aq=end\-of\-line
bind \*(aq\*(haXF\*(aq=end\-of\-line
bind \*(aq\*(haX3\*(TI\*(aq=delete\-char\-forward
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ed
.Pp
.It Ic break Op Ar level
Exit the
.Ar level Ns th
inner-most
.Ic for ,
.Ic select ,
.Ic until ,
or
.Ic while
loop.
.Ar level
defaults to 1.
.Pp
optimise error messages, option parsing, and make more builtins recognise "--", costs us 20 .text 0 .data 0 .bss
2010-09-05 21:51:35 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic builtin
.Op Fl \-
.Ar command Op Ar arg ...
.Xc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Execute the built-in command
.Ar command .
.Pp
.It Xo
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Ic cat
• add -u option (POSIX: unbuffered ⇒ nop) to the built-in cat • PIPESTATUS now supported (like bash 2) whose last member may actually differ from $? since the latter may not be the result of a pipeline partial command • add regression tests, documentation, etc.
2011-02-18 23:26:13 +01:00
.Op Fl u
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Op Ar
.Xc
Read files sequentially, in command line order, and write them to
standard output.
• add -u option (POSIX: unbuffered ⇒ nop) to the built-in cat • PIPESTATUS now supported (like bash 2) whose last member may actually differ from $? since the latter may not be the result of a pipeline partial command • add regression tests, documentation, etc.
2011-02-18 23:26:13 +01:00
If a
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Ar file
is a single dash
.Pq Sq -
or absent, read from standard input.
introduce MKSH_NO_EXTERNAL_CAT skipping the “call /bin/cat if we have an option” nonsense, intended for Android, Plan 9, and other systems which honour that cat -v is deemed harmful
2011-07-07 23:24:53 +02:00
Unless compiled with
.Dv MKSH_NO_EXTERNAL_CAT ,
if any options are given, an external
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Xr cat 1
• add -u option (POSIX: unbuffered ⇒ nop) to the built-in cat • PIPESTATUS now supported (like bash 2) whose last member may actually differ from $? since the latter may not be the result of a pipeline partial command • add regression tests, documentation, etc.
2011-02-18 23:26:13 +01:00
utility is invoked instead if called from the shell.
For direct builtin calls, the
.Tn POSIX
.Fl u
option is supported as a no-op.
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Pp
.It Xo
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic cd
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Op Fl L
.Op Ar dir
.Xc
.It Xo
.Ic cd
.Fl P Op Fl e
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar dir
.Xc
add the chdir builtin from mircvs://contrib/hosted/tg/deb/mksh/ for better dash compatibility (mksh is now a dash superset if printf is compiled in)
2009-08-30 23:02:01 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic chdir
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Op Fl eLP
add the chdir builtin from mircvs://contrib/hosted/tg/deb/mksh/ for better dash compatibility (mksh is now a dash superset if printf is compiled in)
2009-08-30 23:02:01 +02:00
.Op Ar dir
.Xc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Set the working directory to
.Ar dir .
If the parameter
.Ev CDPATH
is set, it lists the search path for the directory containing
.Ar dir .
A
.Dv NULL
path means the current directory.
If
.Ar dir
is found in any component of the
.Ev CDPATH
search path other than the
.Dv NULL
path, the name of the new working directory will be written to standard output.
If
.Ar dir
is missing, the home directory
.Ev HOME
is used.
If
.Ar dir
is
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the previous working directory is used (see the
.Ev OLDPWD
parameter).
.Pp
If the
.Fl L
option (logical path) is used or if the
.Ic physical
option isn't set (see the
.Ic set
command below), references to
.Sq ..
in
.Ar dir
are relative to the path used to get to the directory.
If the
.Fl P
option (physical path) is used or if the
.Ic physical
option is set,
.Sq ..
is relative to the filesystem directory tree.
The
.Ev PWD
and
.Ev OLDPWD
parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
respectively.
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
If the
.Fl e
option is set for physical filesystem traversal, and
.Ev PWD
could not be set, the exit code is 1; greater than 1 if an
error occurred, 0 otherwise.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic cd
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Op Fl eLP
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ar old new
.Xc
add the chdir builtin from mircvs://contrib/hosted/tg/deb/mksh/ for better dash compatibility (mksh is now a dash superset if printf is compiled in)
2009-08-30 23:02:01 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic chdir
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Op Fl eLP
add the chdir builtin from mircvs://contrib/hosted/tg/deb/mksh/ for better dash compatibility (mksh is now a dash superset if printf is compiled in)
2009-08-30 23:02:01 +02:00
.Ar old new
.Xc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The string
.Ar new
is substituted for
.Ar old
in the current directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new
directory.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic command
.Op Fl pVv
.Ar cmd
.Op Ar arg ...
.Xc
If neither the
.Fl v
nor
.Fl V
option is given,
.Ar cmd
is executed exactly as if
.Ic command
had not been specified, with two exceptions:
firstly,
.Ar cmd
cannot be a shell function;
and secondly, special built-in commands lose their specialness
(i.e. redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to
exit, and command assignments are not permanent).
.Pp
If the
.Fl p
option is given, a default search path is used instead of the current value of
more getconf/confstr fixes
2006-11-09 23:11:08 +01:00
.Ev PATH ,
the actual value of which is system dependent.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
If the
.Fl v
option is given, instead of executing
.Ar cmd ,
information about what would be executed is given (and the same is done for
.Ar arg ... ) .
For special and regular built-in commands and functions, their names are simply
printed; for aliases, a command that defines them is printed; and for commands
found by searching the
.Ev PATH
parameter, the full path of the command is printed.
If no command is found
(i.e. the path search fails), nothing is printed and
.Ic command
exits with a non-zero status.
The
.Fl V
option is like the
.Fl v
option, except it is more verbose.
.Pp
.It Ic continue Op Ar level
Jumps to the beginning of the
.Ar level Ns th
inner-most
.Ic for ,
.Ic select ,
.Ic until ,
or
.Ic while
loop.
.Ar level
defaults to 1.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic echo
.Op Fl Een
.Op Ar arg ...
.Xc
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable document the unportability of the echo utility; arekm's non-bug report inspired this
2011-07-16 19:07:48 +02:00
.Em Warning:
this utility is not portable; use the Korn shell builtin
.Ic print
or the much slower POSIX utility
.Ic printf
instead.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to the
standard output.
The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the
backslash sequence
.Ql \ec .
See the
.Ic print
command below for a list of other backslash sequences that are recognised.
.Pp
The options are provided for compatibility with
.Bx
shell scripts.
The
.Fl n
option suppresses the trailing newline,
.Fl e
enables backslash interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and
.Fl E
suppresses backslash interpretation.
.Pp
merge manpage and sync RCS IDs not merged: POSuX character class nonsense
2009-03-22 19:09:17 +01:00
If the
To solve the incompatibility issues between mksh-current, old mksh versions and vendor pdksh versions, re-introduce FPOSIX alongside FSH. The semantics are now: ‣ set -o posix ⇒ • disable brace expansion and FSH when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh ‣ set -o sh ⇒ • set automatically #ifdef MKSH_BINSHREDUCED • disable brace expansion and FPOSIX when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh • trigger MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT mode if compiled in • make “set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")” construct work Note that the set/getopt one used to behave POSIXly only with FSH or FPOSIX (depending on the mksh version) set and Bourne-ish with it not set, so this changes default mksh behaviour to POSIX!
2010-01-28 16:18:51 +01:00
.Ic posix
or
* rename "set -o posix" (FPOSIX) to "set -o sh" (FSH) because it's not just a "somewhat more POSIX" but also a "/bin/sh legacy kludge" mode * consistently capitalise POSIX and SUSv3/SUSv4 (same as AT&T ksh) and Bourne shell
2009-10-02 20:08:37 +02:00
.Ic sh
• more comment and int→bool cleanup, add and improve some comments • in interactive mode, always look up {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables if setlocale/nl_langinfo(CODESET) doesn’t suffice • add the ability to call any builtin (some don't make sense or wouldn't work) directly by analysing argv[0] • for direct builtin calls, the {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables determine utf8-mode, even if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 was set • when called as builtin, echo behaves POSIXish • add domainname as alias for true on MirBSD only, to be able to link it • sync mksh Makefiles with Build.sh output • adjust manpage wrt release plans • link some things to mksh now that we have callable builtins: bin/echo bin/kill bin/pwd bin/sleep (exact matches) bin/test bin/[ (were scripts before) bin/domainname=usr/bin/true usr/bin/false (move to /bin/ now) • drop linked utilities and, except for echo and kill, their manpages • adjust instbin and link a few more there as well
2011-02-11 02:18:23 +01:00
option is set or this is a direct builtin call, only the first argument
is treated as an option, and only if it is exactly
merge manpage and sync RCS IDs not merged: POSuX character class nonsense
2009-03-22 19:09:17 +01:00
.Dq Fl n .
while testing haserl-0.9.26 on MirBSD, I discovered that the echo builtin in FSH mode did in fact, contrary to POSIX and Debian Policy 10.4 behavi- our (I think), interpret escape sequences; fix and add testsuite for echo
2009-10-10 23:17:31 +02:00
Backslash interpretation is disabled.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ic eval Ar command ...
The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form a single
string which the shell then parses and executes in the current environment.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic exec
.Op Ar command Op Ar arg ...
.Xc
The command is executed without forking, replacing the shell process.
.Pp
If no command is given except for I/O redirection, the I/O redirection is
permanent and the shell is
not replaced.
Any file descriptors greater than 2 which are opened or
.Xr dup 2 Ns 'd
in this way are not made available to other executed commands (i.e. commands
that are not built-in to the shell).
Note that the Bourne shell differs here;
it does pass these file descriptors on.
.Pp
.It Ic exit Op Ar status
The shell exits with the specified exit status.
If
.Ar status
is not specified, the exit status is the current value of the
.Ic $?\&
parameter.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic export
.Op Fl p
.Op Ar parameter Ns Op = Ns Ar value
.Xc
Sets the export attribute of the named parameters.
Exported parameters are passed in the environment to executed commands.
If values are specified, the named parameters are also assigned.
.Pp
document “export -” accident found by Snader_LB
2011-10-24 21:41:13 +02:00
If no parameters are specified, all parameters with the export attribute
set are printed one per line; either their names, or, if a
.Ql \-
with no option letter is specified, name=value pairs, or, with
.Fl p ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic export
document “export -” accident found by Snader_LB
2011-10-24 21:41:13 +02:00
commands suitable for re-entry.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.It Ic false
A command that exits with a non-zero status.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic fc
.Oo Fl e Ar editor \*(Ba
.Fl l Op Fl n Oc
.Op Fl r
.Op Ar first Op Ar last
.Xc
.Ar first
and
.Ar last
select commands from the history.
Commands can be selected by history number
or a string specifying the most recent command starting with that string.
The
.Fl l
option lists the command on standard output, and
.Fl n
inhibits the default command numbers.
The
.Fl r
option reverses the order of the list.
Without
.Fl l ,
the selected commands are edited by the editor specified with the
.Fl e
option, or if no
.Fl e
is specified, the editor specified by the
.Ev FCEDIT
parameter (if this parameter is not set,
.Pa /bin/ed
is used), and then executed by the shell.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic fc
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Cm \-e \- \*(Ba Fl s
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Fl g
.Op Ar old Ns = Ns Ar new
.Op Ar prefix
.Xc
Re-execute the selected command (the previous command by default) after
performing the optional substitution of
.Ar old
with
.Ar new .
If
.Fl g
is specified, all occurrences of
.Ar old
are replaced with
.Ar new .
The meaning of
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Cm \-e \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and
.Fl s
is identical: re-execute the selected command without invoking an editor.
This command is usually accessed with the predefined
implement an extension that an interactive mode input line, when starting with an ‘!’ exclamation mark at the beginning of a com- mand (PS1 not PS2), shall have the same effect as the predefined “r” alias, to be compatible with csh and GNU bash’s “!string” to «Execute last used command starting with string» – documentation and feature request provided by wbx@ (Waldemar Brodkorb)
2009-05-27 21:52:38 +02:00
.Ic alias r=\*(aqfc \-e \-\*(aq
deprecate the UGLY input line beginning with ! hack
2011-11-11 23:14:02 +01:00
or (deprecated; will be removed RSN) by prefixing an interactive mode input line with
implement an extension that an interactive mode input line, when starting with an ‘!’ exclamation mark at the beginning of a com- mand (PS1 not PS2), shall have the same effect as the predefined “r” alias, to be compatible with csh and GNU bash’s “!string” to «Execute last used command starting with string» – documentation and feature request provided by wbx@ (Waldemar Brodkorb)
2009-05-27 21:52:38 +02:00
.Sq \&!
note that ${foo//bar/baz} may need the pattern escaped; discovered by me for # and %, and by Matt Lewandowsky («lewellyn:#ksh») for & as pattern.
2009-07-06 11:37:03 +02:00
.Pq wbx extension .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.It Ic fg Op Ar job ...
Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground.
If no jobs are specified,
.Ic %+
is assumed.
See
.Sx Job control
below for more information.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic getopts
.Ar optstring name
.Op Ar arg ...
.Xc
Used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments (or positional
parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal options.
.Ar optstring
contains the option letters that
.Ic getopts
is to recognise.
If a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to
have an argument.
Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single argument.
If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the
last character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument is
taken to be the option's argument; otherwise, the next argument is the option's
argument.
.Pp
Each time
.Ic getopts
is invoked, it places the next option in the shell parameter
.Ar name
(partial) sync with openbsd (and fix after them), gives us a better wrapping prompt and a manpage wording cleanup
2006-08-01 16:09:20 +02:00
and the index of the argument to be processed by the next call to
.Ic getopts
in the shell parameter
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ev OPTIND .
If the option was introduced with a
.Ql + ,
the option placed in
.Ar name
is prefixed with a
.Ql + .
When an option requires an argument,
.Ic getopts
places it in the shell parameter
.Ev OPTARG .
.Pp
When an illegal option or a missing option argument is encountered, a question
mark or a colon is placed in
.Ar name
(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively) and
.Ev OPTARG
is set to the option character that caused the problem.
Furthermore, if
.Ar optstring
does not begin with a colon, a question mark is placed in
.Ar name ,
.Ev OPTARG
is unset, and an error message is printed to standard error.
.Pp
When the end of the options is encountered,
.Ic getopts
exits with a non-zero exit status.
Options end at the first (non-option
argument) argument that does not start with a
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or when a
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
argument is encountered.
.Pp
Option parsing can be reset by setting
.Ev OPTIND
to 1 (this is done automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is
invoked).
.Pp
Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
.Ev OPTIND
to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
resetting
.Ev OPTIND ,
may lead to unexpected results.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic hash
.Op Fl r
.Op Ar name ...
.Xc
Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed.
The
.Fl r
option causes all hashed commands to be removed from the hash table.
Each
.Ar name
is searched as if it were a command name and added to the hash table if it is
an executable command.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic jobs
.Op Fl lnp
.Op Ar job ...
.Xc
Display information about the specified job(s); if no jobs are specified, all
jobs are displayed.
The
.Fl n
option causes information to be displayed only for jobs that have changed
state since the last notification.
If the
.Fl l
option is used, the process ID of each process in a job is also listed.
The
.Fl p
option causes only the process group of each job to be printed.
See
.Sx Job control
below for the format of
.Ar job
and the displayed job.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic kill
.Oo Fl s Ar signame \*(Ba
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.No \- Ns Ar signum \*(Ba
.No \- Ns Ar signame Oc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.No { Ar job \*(Ba pid \*(Ba pgrp No }
.Ar ...
.Xc
Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
groups.
If no signal is specified, the
.Dv TERM
signal is sent.
If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's process group.
See
.Sx Job control
below for the format of
.Ar job .
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic kill
.Fl l
.Op Ar exit-status ...
.Xc
Print the signal name corresponding to
.Ar exit-status .
If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers, and
a short description of them are printed.
.Pp
.It Ic let Op Ar expression ...
Each expression is evaluated (see
.Sx Arithmetic expressions
above).
If all expressions are successfully evaluated, the exit status is 0 (1)
if the last expression evaluated to non-zero (zero).
If an error occurs during
the parsing or evaluation of an expression, the exit status is greater than 1.
Since expressions may need to be quoted,
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.No \&(( Ar expr No ))
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is syntactic sugar for
.No let \&" Ns Ar expr Ns \&" .
.Pp
.It Xo
follow OpenBSD and add mknod as mksh builtin (mknod <file> p acts as mkfifo) but write a good chunk of that code myself (better structured, better error handling, more gotos, less function calls, int -> bool) passes all tests on mirbsd; this will become mksh R25 once tested on other supported OSes
2005-10-21 14:41:56 +02:00
.Ic mknod
.Op Fl m Ar mode
.Ar name
oksh merge
2010-04-09 20:59:30 +02:00
.Cm b\*(Bac
follow OpenBSD and add mknod as mksh builtin (mknod <file> p acts as mkfifo) but write a good chunk of that code myself (better structured, better error handling, more gotos, less function calls, int -> bool) passes all tests on mirbsd; this will become mksh R25 once tested on other supported OSes
2005-10-21 14:41:56 +02:00
.Ar major minor
.Xc
.It Xo
.Ic mknod
.Op Fl m Ar mode
.Ar name
.Cm p
.Xc
Create a device special file.
The file type may be
.Cm b
(block type device),
.Cm c
(character type device),
or
.Cm p
rewrite funcs.c:c_test(), i.e. test(1) and [(1), to follow POSIX and XSI in the cases where they are defined unambiguously; bug reported by Jilles Tjoelker in <20111129232526.GC14357@stack.nl> due to a report by Stefano Lattarini on bug-autoconf in the ambiguous case, I stick to traditional pdksh behaviour, which means test ! a = b vs. test a = b and test ! a -o b vs. test a -o b behave different from each other (in the second case, the NOT operator binds strong; POSIX demands a reduction to 3 arguments and negating that result in the first case), so we're at two known not-ok in the FreeBSD® testsuite. (81 and 82 in regress.sh,v 1.3)
2011-11-30 22:34:15 +01:00
.Pq named pipe , Tn FIFO .
follow OpenBSD and add mknod as mksh builtin (mknod <file> p acts as mkfifo) but write a good chunk of that code myself (better structured, better error handling, more gotos, less function calls, int -> bool) passes all tests on mirbsd; this will become mksh R25 once tested on other supported OSes
2005-10-21 14:41:56 +02:00
The file created may be modified according to its
.Ar mode
(via the
.Fl m
option),
.Ar major
(major device number),
and
.Ar minor
(minor device number).
.Pp
See
.Xr mknod 8
for further information.
.Pp
.It Xo
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic print
.Oo Fl nprsu Ns Oo Ar n Oc \*(Ba
.Fl R Op Fl en Oc
.Op Ar argument ...
.Xc
.Ic print
prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces and
terminated with a newline.
The
.Fl n
option suppresses the newline.
By default, certain C escapes are translated.
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
These include these mentioned in
new function unbksl doing "backslash expansion" independent of c_print(); also make a separate subsection about it in the manpage
2009-09-19 17:16:05 +02:00
.Sx Backslash expansion
above, as well as
.Ql \ec ,
which is equivalent to using the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Fl n
option.
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
Backslash expansion may be inhibited with the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Fl r
option.
The
.Fl s
option prints to the history file instead of standard output; the
.Fl u
option prints to file descriptor
.Ar n
.Po
.Ar n
defaults to 1 if omitted
.Pc ;
and the
.Fl p
option prints to the co-process (see
.Sx Co-processes
above).
.Pp
The
.Fl R
option is used to emulate, to some degree, the
.Bx
.Xr echo 1
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
command which does not process
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql \e
sequences unless the
.Fl e
option is given.
As above, the
.Fl n
option suppresses the trailing newline.
.Pp
document the _possible_ printf(1) builtin and mark that it’s not supported
2009-08-30 13:38:44 +02:00
.It Ic printf Ar format Op Ar arguments ...
Formatted output.
• merge printf from OpenBSD • deactivate %a and %A since our libc doesn’t have it • rewrite the mksh integration code to use shf instead of stdio, removing floating point support always in the process, as shf doesn’t support it ⇒ saves 11114 (6706 text, 168 data, 4240 bss) with dietlibc on Debian • fix -Wall -Wextra -Wformat -Wstrict-aliasing=2 for gcc (Debian 4.4.4-7) • fix these and -Wc++-compat for gcc version 4.6.0 20100711 (experimental) [trunk revision 162057] (Debian 20100711-1) except: – a few enum warnings that relate to eglibc’s {g,s}etrlimit() functions taking an enum instead of an int because they’re too stupid to adhere to POSIX interfaces they design by themselves – all “request for implicit conversion” involving a "void *" on one side • tweak the manual page somewhat more
2010-07-18 00:09:40 +02:00
Approximately the same as the utility
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable document the unportability of the echo utility; arekm's non-bug report inspired this
2011-07-16 19:07:48 +02:00
.Ic printf ,
• merge printf from OpenBSD • deactivate %a and %A since our libc doesn’t have it • rewrite the mksh integration code to use shf instead of stdio, removing floating point support always in the process, as shf doesn’t support it ⇒ saves 11114 (6706 text, 168 data, 4240 bss) with dietlibc on Debian • fix -Wall -Wextra -Wformat -Wstrict-aliasing=2 for gcc (Debian 4.4.4-7) • fix these and -Wc++-compat for gcc version 4.6.0 20100711 (experimental) [trunk revision 162057] (Debian 20100711-1) except: – a few enum warnings that relate to eglibc’s {g,s}etrlimit() functions taking an enum instead of an int because they’re too stupid to adhere to POSIX interfaces they design by themselves – all “request for implicit conversion” involving a "void *" on one side • tweak the manual page somewhat more
2010-07-18 00:09:40 +02:00
except that it uses the same
document cid 1004AB55AA4341EC755, printf builtin may use $'...' backslash expansion code instead (and the one from the print builtin for %b), same as AT&T ksh93 does
2009-09-20 14:12:00 +02:00
.Sx Backslash expansion
• merge printf from OpenBSD • deactivate %a and %A since our libc doesn’t have it • rewrite the mksh integration code to use shf instead of stdio, removing floating point support always in the process, as shf doesn’t support it ⇒ saves 11114 (6706 text, 168 data, 4240 bss) with dietlibc on Debian • fix -Wall -Wextra -Wformat -Wstrict-aliasing=2 for gcc (Debian 4.4.4-7) • fix these and -Wc++-compat for gcc version 4.6.0 20100711 (experimental) [trunk revision 162057] (Debian 20100711-1) except: – a few enum warnings that relate to eglibc’s {g,s}etrlimit() functions taking an enum instead of an int because they’re too stupid to adhere to POSIX interfaces they design by themselves – all “request for implicit conversion” involving a "void *" on one side • tweak the manual page somewhat more
2010-07-18 00:09:40 +02:00
and I/O code as the rest of
document cid 1004AB55AA4341EC755, printf builtin may use $'...' backslash expansion code instead (and the one from the print builtin for %b), same as AT&T ksh93 does
2009-09-20 14:12:00 +02:00
.Nm mksh .
document the _possible_ printf(1) builtin and mark that it’s not supported
2009-08-30 13:38:44 +02:00
This is not normally part of
• merge printf from OpenBSD • deactivate %a and %A since our libc doesn’t have it • rewrite the mksh integration code to use shf instead of stdio, removing floating point support always in the process, as shf doesn’t support it ⇒ saves 11114 (6706 text, 168 data, 4240 bss) with dietlibc on Debian • fix -Wall -Wextra -Wformat -Wstrict-aliasing=2 for gcc (Debian 4.4.4-7) • fix these and -Wc++-compat for gcc version 4.6.0 20100711 (experimental) [trunk revision 162057] (Debian 20100711-1) except: – a few enum warnings that relate to eglibc’s {g,s}etrlimit() functions taking an enum instead of an int because they’re too stupid to adhere to POSIX interfaces they design by themselves – all “request for implicit conversion” involving a "void *" on one side • tweak the manual page somewhat more
2010-07-18 00:09:40 +02:00
.Nm mksh ;
document the _possible_ printf(1) builtin and mark that it’s not supported
2009-08-30 13:38:44 +02:00
however, distributors may have added this as builtin as a speed hack.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ic pwd Op Fl LP
Print the present working directory.
If the
.Fl L
option is used or if the
.Ic physical
option isn't set (see the
.Ic set
command below), the logical path is printed (i.e. the path used to
.Ic cd
to the current directory).
If the
.Fl P
option (physical path) is used or if the
.Ic physical
option is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following
.Sq ..
directories to the root directory) is printed.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic read
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
.Op Fl A | Fl a
.Op Fl d Ar x
.Oo Fl N Ar z \*(Ba
.Fl n Ar z Oc
.Oo Fl p \*(Ba
.Fl u Ns Op Ar n
.Oc Op Fl t Ar n
.Op Fl rs
.Op Ar p ...
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
Reads a line of input, separates the input into fields using the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ev IFS
parameter (see
.Sx Substitution
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
above), and assigns each field to the specified parameters
.Ar p .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If no parameters are specified, the
.Ev REPLY
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
parameter is used to store the result.
With the
.Fl A
and
.Fl a
options, only no or one parameter is accepted.
If there are more parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to
the empty string or 0; if there are more fields than parameters, the last
parameter is assigned the remaining fields (including the word separators).
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width XuXnX
.It Fl A
Store the result into the parameter
.Ar p
(or
.Ev REPLY )
as array of words.
.It Fl a
Store the result without word splitting into the parameter
.Ar p
(or
.Ev REPLY )
as array of characters (wide characters if the
.Ic utf8\-mode
option is enacted, octets otherwise).
.It Fl d Ar x
Use the first byte of
.Ar x ,
.Dv NUL
if empty, instead of the ASCII newline character as input line delimiter.
.It Fl N Ar z
Instead of reading till end-of-line, read exactly
.Ar z
bytes; less if EOF or a timeout occurs.
.It Fl n Ar z
Instead of reading till end-of-line, read up to
.Ar z
bytes but return as soon as any bytes are read, e.g.\& from a
slow terminal device, or if EOF or a timeout occurs.
.It Fl p
Read from the currently active co-process, see
.Sx Co-processes
above for details on this.
.It Fl u Ns Op Ar n
Read from the file descriptor
.Ar n
(defaults to 0, i.e.\& standard input).
The argument must immediately follow the option character.
.It Fl t Ar n
Interrupt reading after
.Ar n
seconds (specified as positive decimal value with an optional fractional part).
.It Fl r
Normally, the ASCII backslash character escapes the special
meaning of the following character and is stripped from the input;
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic read
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
does not stop when encountering a backslash-newline sequence and
does not store that newline in the result.
This option enables raw mode, in which backslashes are not processed.
.It Fl s
The input line is saved to the history.
.El
.Pp
If the input is a terminal, both the
.Fl N
and
.Fl n
options set it into raw mode;
they read an entire file if \-1 is passed as
.Ar z
argument.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
The first parameter may have a question mark and a string appended to it, in
which case the string is used as a prompt (printed to standard error before
any input is read) if the input is a
.Xr tty 4
(e.g.\&
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ic read nfoo?\*(aqnumber of foos: \*(aq ) .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
If no input is read or a timeout occurred,
.Ic read
exits with a non-zero status.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
Another handy set of tricks:
If
.Ic read
is run in a loop such as
.Ic while read foo; do ...; done
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
then leading whitespace will be removed (IFS) and backslashes processed.
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
You might want to use
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic while IFS= read \-r foo; do ...; done
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
for pristine I/O.
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
Similarily, when using the
.Fl a
option, use of the
.Fl r
option might be prudent; the same applies for:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
hyphen-used-as-minus-sign
2011-05-29 19:01:26 +02:00
find . \-type f \-print0 \*(Ba \e
mksh R40 Release Candidate 1 Testsuite: • add new need-pass: {yes|no} attribute, default yes • exit with 1 if a need-pass test failed unexpectedly idea by Kacper Kornet <draenog@pld-linux.org> • mark utf8bom-2 as need-pass: no Infrstructure: • add housekeeping function for making a tty raw • switch functions with unused results to void • struct op: u.charflag contains last char of ;; in TPAT • var.c:arraysearch is now a global function Language: • add ;& (fall through) and ;| (examine next) delimiters in addition to ;; (end case) as zsh extensions, because POSIX standardised on ;& already • add -A (read into array), -N (read exactly n bytes), -n (read up to n bytes), -t (timeout) flags for read from ksh93 • allow read -N -1 or -n -1 to slurp the entire input • add -a (read into array the input characters) extension specific to mksh to read, idea by David Korn • add -e (exit with error if PWD was not set correctly after a physical cd) to cd builtin, mandated by next POSIX, and change error codes accordingly Rewrites: • full rewrite of read builtin and its manpage section • add regression tetss for most of the new functionality • duplicate hexdump demo tests for use of read -a • use read -raN-1 in dot.mkshrc to get NUL safe base64, DJB cdb hash and Jenkins one-at-a-time hash functions
2011-05-29 04:18:57 +02:00
while IFS= read \-d \*(aq\*(aq \-r filename; do
print \-r \-\- "found <${filename#./}>"
done
.Ed
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Pp
The inner loop will be executed in a subshell and variable changes
cannot be propagated if executed in a pipeline:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
• document the pipeline thing better • set -o {posix,sh} also turns off the other, like {emacs,gmacs,vi}
2010-01-28 16:33:11 +01:00
bar \*(Ba baz \*(Ba while read foo; do ...; done
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ed
.Pp
Use co-processes instead:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
• document the pipeline thing better • set -o {posix,sh} also turns off the other, like {emacs,gmacs,vi}
2010-01-28 16:33:11 +01:00
bar \*(Ba baz \*(Ba&
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
while read \-p foo; do ...; done
exec 3\*(Gt&p; exec 3\*(Gt&\-
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ed
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic readonly
.Op Fl p
.Oo Ar parameter
.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
.Ar ... Oc
.Xc
Sets the read-only attribute of the named parameters.
If values are given,
parameters are set to them before setting the attribute.
Once a parameter is
made read-only, it cannot be unset and its value cannot be changed.
.Pp
If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the read-only
attribute are printed one per line, unless the
.Fl p
option is used, in which case
.Ic readonly
commands defining all read-only parameters, including their values, are
printed.
.Pp
add new builtin “realpath” calling realpath(3) on its argument, skipping over “--” for compatibility to Debian realpath(1) and possibly busybox’ “sounds handy” replaced@TNF
2008-05-17 20:27:57 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic realpath
.Op Fl \-
.Ar name
.Xc
Prints the resolved absolute pathname corresponding to
.Ar name .
fix realpath builtin’s handling of (source) pathnames with a trailing slash as per POSIX (if a trailing slash is part of the symlink target it fails as well, like GNU readlink -f does)
2010-08-24 16:42:04 +02:00
If
.Ar name
ends with a slash
.Pq Sq / ,
it's also checked for existence and whether it is a directory; otherwise,
.Ic realpath
returns 0 if the pathname either exists or can be created immediately,
i.e. all but the last component exist and are directories.
add new builtin “realpath” calling realpath(3) on its argument, skipping over “--” for compatibility to Debian realpath(1) and possibly busybox’ “sounds handy” replaced@TNF
2008-05-17 20:27:57 +02:00
.Pp
optimise error messages, option parsing, and make more builtins recognise "--", costs us 20 .text 0 .data 0 .bss
2010-09-05 21:51:35 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic rename
.Op Fl \-
.Ar from to
.Xc
new builtin “rename” (this name sounds better than “mksh_mv_rescue” ☻) to just call rename(2) directly, e.g. if /bin/mv needs /lib/ld-uClibc.so.0 some assorted code cleanup
2007-08-20 00:06:27 +02:00
Renames the file
.Ar from
to
.Ar to .
Both must be complete pathnames and on the same device.
This builtin is intended for emergency situations where
.Pa /bin/mv
becomes unusable, and directly calls
.Xr rename 2 .
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ic return Op Ar status
Returns from a function or
.Ic .\&
script, with exit status
.Ar status .
If no
.Ar status
is given, the exit status of the last executed command is used.
If used outside of a function or
.Ic .\&
script, it has the same effect as
.Ic exit .
Note that
.Nm
treats both profile and
.Ev ENV
files as
.Ic .\&
scripts, while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as
.Ic .\&
scripts.
.Pp
.It Xo
more of this: • shell flags are now handled in one single place (sh_flags.h) • sync comments (between enum and array) and manpage with reality • FMONITOR is now no longer needed for Hartz IV shells
2009-09-20 18:40:58 +02:00
.Ic set Op Ic +\-abCefhiklmnprsUuvXx
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Op Ic +\-o Ar option
.Op Ic +\-A Ar name
.Op Fl \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar arg ...
.Xc
The
.Ic set
command can be used to set
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Pq Ic \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or clear
.Pq Ic +
shell options, set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
Options can be changed using the
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Cm +\-o Ar option
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
syntax, where
.Ar option
is the long name of an option, or using the
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Cm +\- Ns Ar letter
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
syntax, where
.Ar letter
is the option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
The following table lists both option letters (if they exist) and long names
along with a description of what the option does:
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width 3n
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl A Ar name
Sets the elements of the array parameter
.Ar name
to
.Ar arg ...
If
.Fl A
is used, the array is reset (i.e. emptied) first; if
.Ic +A
is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number of arguments);
the rest are left untouched.
implement bash-style array initialisation, as requested by many still experimental
2007-06-23 01:34:42 +02:00
.Pp
An alternative syntax for the command
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-A foo \-\- a b c
implement bash-style array initialisation, as requested by many still experimental
2007-06-23 01:34:42 +02:00
which is compatible to
.Tn GNU
.Nm bash
and also supported by
.At
.Nm ksh93
is:
+= support for variables and arrays
2011-05-05 01:16:05 +02:00
.Ic foo=(a b c); foo+=(d e)
documentation and test suite for tonight’s new features, ☾ gn8
2009-08-29 00:46:21 +02:00
.Pp
Another
.At
.Nm ksh93
and
.Tn GNU
.Nm bash
extension allows specifying the indices used for
.Ar arg ...
.Pq from the above example, Ic a b c
like this:
.Ic set \-A foo \-\- [0]=a [1]=b [2]=c
or
.Ic foo=([0]=a [1]=b [2]=c)
* fix 'set -A foo -- [2]=a b c' contingency (tested against GNU bash4, which, in its latest sid incarnation, even received mksh's ability to produce ${!foo[*]} array keys, wow!) * plug a memory leak while here (ATEMP only, but still)
2009-12-01 20:15:35 +01:00
which can also be written
.Ic foo=([0]=a b c)
because indices are incremented automatically.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl a \*(Ba Fl o Ic allexport
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
All new parameters are created with the export attribute.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl b \*(Ba Fl o Ic notify
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Print job notification messages asynchronously, instead of just before the
prompt.
Only used if job control is enabled
.Pq Fl m .
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl C \*(Ba Fl o Ic noclobber
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Prevent \*(Gt redirection from overwriting existing files.
Instead, \*(Gt\*(Ba must be used to force an overwrite.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl e \*(Ba Fl o Ic errexit
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Exit (after executing the
.Dv ERR
trap) as soon as an error occurs or a command fails (i.e. exits with a
non-zero status).
This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
.Ic if ,
.Ic until ,
.Ic while ,
.Ic && ,
merge manpage and sync RCS IDs not merged: POSuX character class nonsense
2009-03-22 19:09:17 +01:00
.Ic \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
merge manpage and sync RCS IDs not merged: POSuX character class nonsense
2009-03-22 19:09:17 +01:00
.Ic !\&
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
statements.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl f \*(Ba Fl o Ic noglob
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Do not expand file name patterns.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl h \*(Ba Fl o Ic trackall
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see
.Sx Aliases
above).
Enabled by default for non-interactive shells.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl i \*(Ba Fl o Ic interactive
more of this: • shell flags are now handled in one single place (sh_flags.h) • sync comments (between enum and array) and manpage with reality • FMONITOR is now no longer needed for Hartz IV shells
2009-09-20 18:40:58 +02:00
The shell is an interactive shell.
This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
See above for a description of what this means.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl k \*(Ba Fl o Ic keyword
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Parameter assignments are recognised anywhere in a command.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl l \*(Ba Fl o Ic login
more of this: • shell flags are now handled in one single place (sh_flags.h) • sync comments (between enum and array) and manpage with reality • FMONITOR is now no longer needed for Hartz IV shells
2009-09-20 18:40:58 +02:00
The shell is a login shell.
This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
See above for a description of what this means.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl m \*(Ba Fl o Ic monitor
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Enable job control (default for interactive shells).
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl n \*(Ba Fl o Ic noexec
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Do not execute any commands.
Useful for checking the syntax of scripts
(ignored if interactive).
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl p \*(Ba Fl o Ic privileged
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The shell is a privileged shell.
It is set automatically if, when the shell starts,
the real UID or GID does not match
the effective UID (EUID) or GID (EGID), respectively.
See above for a description of what this means.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl r \*(Ba Fl o Ic restricted
more of this: • shell flags are now handled in one single place (sh_flags.h) • sync comments (between enum and array) and manpage with reality • FMONITOR is now no longer needed for Hartz IV shells
2009-09-20 18:40:58 +02:00
The shell is a restricted shell.
This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
See above for a description of what this means.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl s \*(Ba Fl o Ic stdin
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If used when the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input.
Set automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
.Pp
When
.Fl s
is used with the
.Ic set
command it causes the specified arguments to be sorted before assigning them to
the positional parameters (or to array
.Ar name ,
if
.Fl A
is used).
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl U \*(Ba Fl o Ic utf8\-mode
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
Enable UTF-8 support in the
remove dead code and ifdefs, speed up configuring
2008-05-04 03:51:31 +02:00
.Sx Emacs editing mode
and internal string handling functions.
• more comment and int→bool cleanup, add and improve some comments • in interactive mode, always look up {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables if setlocale/nl_langinfo(CODESET) doesn’t suffice • add the ability to call any builtin (some don't make sense or wouldn't work) directly by analysing argv[0] • for direct builtin calls, the {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables determine utf8-mode, even if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 was set • when called as builtin, echo behaves POSIXish • add domainname as alias for true on MirBSD only, to be able to link it • sync mksh Makefiles with Build.sh output • adjust manpage wrt release plans • link some things to mksh now that we have callable builtins: bin/echo bin/kill bin/pwd bin/sleep (exact matches) bin/test bin/[ (were scripts before) bin/domainname=usr/bin/true usr/bin/false (move to /bin/ now) • drop linked utilities and, except for echo and kill, their manpages • adjust instbin and link a few more there as well
2011-02-11 02:18:23 +01:00
This flag is disabled by default, but can be enabled by setting it on the
shell command line; is enabled automatically for interactive shells if
requested at compile time, your system supports
make this R29(beta), mksh -U turn on (or setlocale), and document.
2006-11-05 18:01:47 +01:00
.Fn setlocale LC_CTYPE \&""
fix description of setlocale stuff a little
2006-11-09 00:49:01 +01:00
and optionally
.Fn nl_langinfo CODESET ,
if we don't have setlocale(), just look at the env vars ourselves
2008-05-04 03:58:15 +02:00
or the
.Ev LC_ALL ,
.Ev LC_CTYPE ,
or
.Ev LANG
environment variables,
fix description of setlocale stuff a little
2006-11-09 00:49:01 +01:00
and at least one of these returns something that matches
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Dq UTF\-8
make this R29(beta), mksh -U turn on (or setlocale), and document.
2006-11-05 18:01:47 +01:00
or
• more comment and int→bool cleanup, add and improve some comments • in interactive mode, always look up {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables if setlocale/nl_langinfo(CODESET) doesn’t suffice • add the ability to call any builtin (some don't make sense or wouldn't work) directly by analysing argv[0] • for direct builtin calls, the {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables determine utf8-mode, even if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 was set • when called as builtin, echo behaves POSIXish • add domainname as alias for true on MirBSD only, to be able to link it • sync mksh Makefiles with Build.sh output • adjust manpage wrt release plans • link some things to mksh now that we have callable builtins: bin/echo bin/kill bin/pwd bin/sleep (exact matches) bin/test bin/[ (were scripts before) bin/domainname=usr/bin/true usr/bin/false (move to /bin/ now) • drop linked utilities and, except for echo and kill, their manpages • adjust instbin and link a few more there as well
2011-02-11 02:18:23 +01:00
.Dq utf8
case-insensitively; for direct builtin calls depending on the
aforementioned environment variables; or for stdin or scripts,
if the input begins with a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl u \*(Ba Fl o Ic nounset
ABI bump to R39: adhere to the future POSIX standard regarding -o nounset; add appropriate regression test (except $_ *is* unset in non-interactive shells). See the thread at: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.os.miros.general/8863
2009-07-16 17:06:45 +02:00
Referencing of an unset parameter, other than
.Dq $@
or
.Dq $* ,
is treated as an error, unless one of the
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql + ,
or
.Ql =
modifiers is used.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl v \*(Ba Fl o Ic verbose
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Write shell input to standard error as it is read.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl X \*(Ba Fl o Ic markdirs
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Mark directories with a trailing
.Ql /
during file name generation.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl x \*(Ba Fl o Ic xtrace
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed, preceded by
the value of
.Ev PS4 .
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic bgnice
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Background jobs are run with lower priority.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic braceexpand
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Enable brace expansion (a.k.a. alternation).
get rid of special "POSIX"ish mode
2005-07-04 14:27:28 +02:00
This is enabled by default.
If disabled, tilde expansion after an equals sign is disabled as a side effect.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic emacs
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Enable BRL emacs-like command-line editing (interactive shells only); see
.Sx Emacs editing mode .
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic gmacs
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Enable gmacs-like command-line editing (interactive shells only).
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
Currently identical to emacs editing except that transpose\-chars (\*(haT) acts
* bind ^T to transpose-chars as documented in the manual page, not to stuff, even if TIOCSTI is available * it's transpose-chars not transpose bug spotted by hondza who wondered that on ^T the line repeats itself forever
2006-08-08 22:07:53 +02:00
slightly differently.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic ignoreeof
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The shell will not (easily) exit when end-of-file is read;
.Ic exit
must be used.
To avoid infinite loops, the shell will exit if
.Dv EOF
is read 13 times in a row.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic nohup
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Do not kill running jobs with a
.Dv SIGHUP
signal when a login shell exits.
more of this: • shell flags are now handled in one single place (sh_flags.h) • sync comments (between enum and array) and manpage with reality • FMONITOR is now no longer needed for Hartz IV shells
2009-09-20 18:40:58 +02:00
Currently set by default, but this may
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
change in the future to be compatible with
.At
.Nm ksh ,
which
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
doesn't have this option, but does send the
.Dv SIGHUP
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
signal.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic nolog
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
No effect.
In the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions from
being stored in the history file.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic physical
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Causes the
.Ic cd
and
.Ic pwd
commands to use
.Dq physical
(i.e. the filesystem's)
.Sq ..
directories instead of
.Dq logical
directories (i.e. the shell handles
.Sq .. ,
which allows the user to be oblivious of symbolic links to directories).
Clear by default.
Note that setting this option does not affect the current value of the
.Ev PWD
parameter; only the
.Ic cd
command changes
.Ev PWD .
See the
.Ic cd
and
.Ic pwd
commands above for more details.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic posix
To solve the incompatibility issues between mksh-current, old mksh versions and vendor pdksh versions, re-introduce FPOSIX alongside FSH. The semantics are now: ‣ set -o posix ⇒ • disable brace expansion and FSH when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh ‣ set -o sh ⇒ • set automatically #ifdef MKSH_BINSHREDUCED • disable brace expansion and FPOSIX when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh • trigger MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT mode if compiled in • make “set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")” construct work Note that the set/getopt one used to behave POSIXly only with FSH or FPOSIX (depending on the mksh version) set and Bourne-ish with it not set, so this changes default mksh behaviour to POSIX!
2010-01-28 16:18:51 +01:00
Enable a somewhat more
.Px
there is no space after .Px
2010-01-28 16:23:03 +01:00
ish mode.
To solve the incompatibility issues between mksh-current, old mksh versions and vendor pdksh versions, re-introduce FPOSIX alongside FSH. The semantics are now: ‣ set -o posix ⇒ • disable brace expansion and FSH when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh ‣ set -o sh ⇒ • set automatically #ifdef MKSH_BINSHREDUCED • disable brace expansion and FPOSIX when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh • trigger MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT mode if compiled in • make “set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")” construct work Note that the set/getopt one used to behave POSIXly only with FSH or FPOSIX (depending on the mksh version) set and Bourne-ish with it not set, so this changes default mksh behaviour to POSIX!
2010-01-28 16:18:51 +01:00
As a side effect, setting this flag turns off
.Ic braceexpand
• document the pipeline thing better • set -o {posix,sh} also turns off the other, like {emacs,gmacs,vi}
2010-01-28 16:33:11 +01:00
mode, which can be turned back on manually, and
.Ic sh
mode.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic sh
* rename "set -o posix" (FPOSIX) to "set -o sh" (FSH) because it's not just a "somewhat more POSIX" but also a "/bin/sh legacy kludge" mode * consistently capitalise POSIX and SUSv3/SUSv4 (same as AT&T ksh) and Bourne shell
2009-10-02 20:08:37 +02:00
Enable
.Pa /bin/sh
To solve the incompatibility issues between mksh-current, old mksh versions and vendor pdksh versions, re-introduce FPOSIX alongside FSH. The semantics are now: ‣ set -o posix ⇒ • disable brace expansion and FSH when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh ‣ set -o sh ⇒ • set automatically #ifdef MKSH_BINSHREDUCED • disable brace expansion and FPOSIX when triggered • use Debian Policy 10.4 compliant non-XSI “echo” builtin • do not keep file descriptors > 2 to ksh • trigger MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT mode if compiled in • make “set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")” construct work Note that the set/getopt one used to behave POSIXly only with FSH or FPOSIX (depending on the mksh version) set and Bourne-ish with it not set, so this changes default mksh behaviour to POSIX!
2010-01-28 16:18:51 +01:00
.Pq kludge
* rename "set -o posix" (FPOSIX) to "set -o sh" (FSH) because it's not just a "somewhat more POSIX" but also a "/bin/sh legacy kludge" mode * consistently capitalise POSIX and SUSv3/SUSv4 (same as AT&T ksh) and Bourne shell
2009-10-02 20:08:37 +02:00
mode.
• bring back automatic turn-on of FPOSIX if called as sh/-sh ‣ only if !MKSH_SMALL ‣ add appropriate regression test • if FPOSIX is set, do not close fds > 2 on exec, Debian #499139 • add appropriate regression tests for keeping fds private or not
2008-09-17 21:31:30 +02:00
Automatically enabled if the basename of the shell invocation begins with
• change mksh to only then behave more POSuXish when called as /bin/sh or “-sh” if -DMKSH_BINSHREDUCED was passed during compilation, for example for Debian, but d̲e̲f̲i̲n̲i̲t̲i̲v̲e̲l̲y̲ n̲̲o̲̲t̲̲ for MirBSD™ • split up regression test to force this behaviour • remove the gunk from our MirBSD™ startup scripts again • mention arc4random.c changes on website, sync clog, warn packagers
2008-10-20 21:29:25 +02:00
.Dq sh
• document the pipeline thing better • set -o {posix,sh} also turns off the other, like {emacs,gmacs,vi}
2010-01-28 16:33:11 +01:00
and this autodetection feature is compiled in
make [[ -o ‣-U ]] = [[ -o ‣+U ]] = [[ -o ‣utf8-mode ]] where ‘‣’ is either nothing, ‘!’ or ‘?’ as usual.
2010-01-01 19:02:01 +01:00
.Pq not in MirBSD .
• bring back automatic turn-on of FPOSIX if called as sh/-sh ‣ only if !MKSH_SMALL ‣ add appropriate regression test • if FPOSIX is set, do not close fds > 2 on exec, Debian #499139 • add appropriate regression tests for keeping fds private or not
2008-09-17 21:31:30 +02:00
As a side effect, setting this flag turns off
re-implement "set -o posix" which doesn't do much ;) but turns off 'braceexpand' when turned on as side effect, just like oksh/pdksh. document "set -o sh" too.
2006-08-09 22:44:16 +02:00
.Ic braceexpand
• document the pipeline thing better • set -o {posix,sh} also turns off the other, like {emacs,gmacs,vi}
2010-01-28 16:33:11 +01:00
mode, which can be turned back on manually, and
.Ic posix
mode.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic vi
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Enable
.Xr vi 1 Ns -like
command-line editing (interactive shells only).
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic vi\-esccomplete
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
In vi command-line editing, do command and file name completion when escape
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
(\*(ha[) is entered in command mode.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic vi\-tabcomplete
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
In vi command-line editing, do command and file name completion when tab (\*(haI)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is entered in insert mode.
This is the default.
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.It Fl o Ic viraw
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
No effect.
In the original Korn shell, unless
.Ic viraw
was set, the vi command-line mode would let the
.Xr tty 4
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
driver do the work until ESC (\*(ha[) was entered.
fix a manpage glitch
2005-05-25 16:15:40 +02:00
.Nm
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is always in viraw mode.
.El
.Pp
These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell.
The current set of
options (with single letter names) can be found in the parameter
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Sq $\- .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic set Fl o
with no option name will list all the options and whether each is on or off;
.Ic set +o
will print the long names of all options that are currently on.
.Pp
Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned, in
order, to the positional parameters (i.e. $1, $2, etc.).
If options end with
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and there are no remaining arguments, all positional parameters are cleared.
If no options or arguments are given, the values of all names are printed.
For unknown historical reasons, a lone
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
option is treated specially \*(en it clears both the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Fl v
more of this: • shell flags are now handled in one single place (sh_flags.h) • sync comments (between enum and array) and manpage with reality • FMONITOR is now no longer needed for Hartz IV shells
2009-09-20 18:40:58 +02:00
and
.Fl x
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
options.
.Pp
.It Ic shift Op Ar number
The positional parameters
.Ar number Ns +1 ,
.Ar number Ns +2 ,
etc. are renamed to
.Sq 1 ,
.Sq 2 ,
etc.
.Ar number
defaults to 1.
.Pp
add a sleep builtin that can deal with fractions too
2011-02-11 01:41:38 +01:00
.It Ic sleep Ar seconds
Suspends execution for a minimum of the
.Ar seconds
specified as positive decimal value with an optional fractional part.
Signal delivery may continue execution earlier.
• more comment and int→bool cleanup, add and improve some comments • in interactive mode, always look up {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables if setlocale/nl_langinfo(CODESET) doesn’t suffice • add the ability to call any builtin (some don't make sense or wouldn't work) directly by analysing argv[0] • for direct builtin calls, the {LC_{ALL,CTYPE},LANG} environment variables determine utf8-mode, even if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 was set • when called as builtin, echo behaves POSIXish • add domainname as alias for true on MirBSD only, to be able to link it • sync mksh Makefiles with Build.sh output • adjust manpage wrt release plans • link some things to mksh now that we have callable builtins: bin/echo bin/kill bin/pwd bin/sleep (exact matches) bin/test bin/[ (were scripts before) bin/domainname=usr/bin/true usr/bin/false (move to /bin/ now) • drop linked utilities and, except for echo and kill, their manpages • adjust instbin and link a few more there as well
2011-02-11 02:18:23 +01:00
.Pp
Implement the “source” command, as requested by some and agreed bsiegert@ In contrast to AT&T ksh93, its semantics are like GNU bash in that it ap- pends the current working directory to the search path; it is implemented as a shell alias instead of enhancing funcs.c:shbuiltins[] like in ksh93.
2007-08-13 21:39:21 +02:00
.It Ic source Ar file Op Ar arg ...
Like
.Ic \&. Po Do dot Dc Pc ,
except that the current working directory is appended to the
.Ev PATH
in GNU
.Nm bash
and
.Nm mksh .
In
.Nm ksh93
and
.Nm mksh ,
this is implemented as a shell alias instead of a builtin.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ic test Ar expression
.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
.Ic test
evaluates the
.Ar expression
and returns zero status if true, 1 if false, or greater than 1 if there
was an error.
It is normally used as the condition command of
.Ic if
and
.Ic while
statements.
Symbolic links are followed for all
.Ar file
expressions except
.Fl h
and
.Fl L .
.Pp
The following basic expressions are available:
.Bl -tag -width 17n
.It Fl a Ar file
.Ar file
exists.
.It Fl b Ar file
.Ar file
is a block special device.
.It Fl c Ar file
.Ar file
is a character special device.
.It Fl d Ar file
.Ar file
is a directory.
.It Fl e Ar file
.Ar file
exists.
.It Fl f Ar file
.Ar file
is a regular file.
.It Fl G Ar file
.Ar file Ns 's
group is the shell's effective group ID.
.It Fl g Ar file
.Ar file Ns 's
mode has the setgid bit set.
• bring back test -H ifdef S_ISCDF (for HP-UX) • whitespace, etc. • bump version for tonight, I’m not gonna hack on c_cd, all this pathname stuff is mind-boggling…
2011-03-26 22:46:06 +01:00
.It Fl H Ar file
.Ar file
is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX).
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl h Ar file
.Ar file
is a symbolic link.
.It Fl k Ar file
.Ar file Ns 's
mode has the
.Xr sticky 8
bit set.
.It Fl L Ar file
.Ar file
is a symbolic link.
.It Fl O Ar file
.Ar file Ns 's
owner is the shell's effective user ID.
.It Fl o Ar option
Shell
.Ar option
is set (see the
.Ic set
command above for a list of options).
As a non-standard extension, if the option starts with a
.Ql \&! ,
the test is negated; the test always fails if
.Ar option
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
doesn't exist (so [ \-o foo \-o \-o !foo ] returns true if and only if option
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ar foo
exists).
another ksh93 feature: test -o ?foo (almost zero cost)
2009-09-07 19:24:49 +02:00
The same can be achieved with [ \-o ?foo ] like in
.At
.Nm ksh93 .
make [[ -o ‣-U ]] = [[ -o ‣+U ]] = [[ -o ‣utf8-mode ]] where ‘‣’ is either nothing, ‘!’ or ‘?’ as usual.
2010-01-01 19:02:01 +01:00
.Ar option
can also be the short flag led by either
.Ql \-
or
.Ql +
.Pq no logical negation ,
for example
.Ql \-x
or
.Ql +x
instead of
.Ql xtrace .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl p Ar file
.Ar file
rewrite funcs.c:c_test(), i.e. test(1) and [(1), to follow POSIX and XSI in the cases where they are defined unambiguously; bug reported by Jilles Tjoelker in <20111129232526.GC14357@stack.nl> due to a report by Stefano Lattarini on bug-autoconf in the ambiguous case, I stick to traditional pdksh behaviour, which means test ! a = b vs. test a = b and test ! a -o b vs. test a -o b behave different from each other (in the second case, the NOT operator binds strong; POSIX demands a reduction to 3 arguments and negating that result in the first case), so we're at two known not-ok in the FreeBSD® testsuite. (81 and 82 in regress.sh,v 1.3)
2011-11-30 22:34:15 +01:00
is a named pipe
.Pq Tn FIFO .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl r Ar file
.Ar file
exists and is readable.
.It Fl S Ar file
.Ar file
is a
.Xr unix 4 Ns -domain
socket.
.It Fl s Ar file
.Ar file
is not empty.
• add patch from Robert Luberda <robert@debian.org> fixing the four-argument form of test (yet again…), thanks • drop the obsolete (pre-POSIX) form “test -t” without fd
2011-05-06 17:41:25 +02:00
.It Fl t Ar fd
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
File descriptor
.Ar fd
is a
.Xr tty 4
device.
.It Fl u Ar file
.Ar file Ns 's
mode has the setuid bit set.
.It Fl w Ar file
.Ar file
exists and is writable.
.It Fl x Ar file
.Ar file
exists and is executable.
.It Ar file1 Fl nt Ar file2
.Ar file1
is newer than
.Ar file2
or
.Ar file1
exists and
.Ar file2
does not.
.It Ar file1 Fl ot Ar file2
.Ar file1
is older than
.Ar file2
or
.Ar file2
exists and
.Ar file1
does not.
.It Ar file1 Fl ef Ar file2
.Ar file1
is the same file as
.Ar file2 .
.It Ar string
.Ar string
has non-zero length.
.It Fl n Ar string
.Ar string
is not empty.
.It Fl z Ar string
.Ar string
is empty.
.It Ar string No = Ar string
Strings are equal.
.It Ar string No == Ar string
Strings are equal.
our test(1) promises we can do string1 < string2, and our /bin/test uses mksh... so we pee (literally) on POSIX and don't accept < and > only for [[ ... ]] operator
2005-10-08 21:31:00 +02:00
.It Ar string No \*(Gt Ar string
First string operand is greater than second string operand.
.It Ar string No \*(Lt Ar string
First string operand is less than second string operand.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ar string No != Ar string
Strings are not equal.
.It Ar number Fl eq Ar number
Numbers compare equal.
.It Ar number Fl ne Ar number
Numbers compare not equal.
.It Ar number Fl ge Ar number
Numbers compare greater than or equal.
.It Ar number Fl gt Ar number
Numbers compare greater than.
.It Ar number Fl le Ar number
Numbers compare less than or equal.
.It Ar number Fl \&lt Ar number
Numbers compare less than.
.El
.Pp
The above basic expressions, in which unary operators have precedence over
binary operators, may be combined with the following operators (listed in
increasing order of precedence):
.Bd -literal -offset indent
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
expr \-o expr Logical OR.
expr \-a expr Logical AND.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
! expr Logical NOT.
( expr ) Grouping.
.Ed
.Pp
document somewhat surprising behaviour 12:58⎜<gps23:#ksh> someone please tell me why: code=1; if [ "code" -eq 1 ] returns true 13:10⎜<mira|AO:#ksh> hm but I see the problem 13:10⎜<mira|AO:#ksh> code=1; x=code; [ "$x" -eq 1 ] 13:10⎜<mira|AO:#ksh> this is indeed unexpected 13:10⎜«pgas:#ksh» gps23: code=1+1;[ "code" -eq 2 ] && echo true #also works as of now, we consider 13:13⎜«pgas:#ksh» gps23: when you use -eq there is something like an implicit $(( )) around the ⎜ arguments 13:14⎜«pgas:#ksh» [ code -eq 1 ] is the same as [ $((code)) -eq 1 ] to be documented.
2009-03-23 13:15:33 +01:00
Note that a number actually may be an arithmetic expression, such as
give example
2009-03-23 13:16:58 +01:00
a mathematical term or the name of an integer variable:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
even more clear; ok «gps23»
2009-03-23 13:21:02 +01:00
x=1; [ "x" \-eq 1 ] evaluates to true
give example
2009-03-23 13:16:58 +01:00
.Ed
document somewhat surprising behaviour 12:58⎜<gps23:#ksh> someone please tell me why: code=1; if [ "code" -eq 1 ] returns true 13:10⎜<mira|AO:#ksh> hm but I see the problem 13:10⎜<mira|AO:#ksh> code=1; x=code; [ "$x" -eq 1 ] 13:10⎜<mira|AO:#ksh> this is indeed unexpected 13:10⎜«pgas:#ksh» gps23: code=1+1;[ "code" -eq 2 ] && echo true #also works as of now, we consider 13:13⎜«pgas:#ksh» gps23: when you use -eq there is something like an implicit $(( )) around the ⎜ arguments 13:14⎜«pgas:#ksh» [ code -eq 1 ] is the same as [ $((code)) -eq 1 ] to be documented.
2009-03-23 13:15:33 +01:00
.Pp
rewrite funcs.c:c_test(), i.e. test(1) and [(1), to follow POSIX and XSI in the cases where they are defined unambiguously; bug reported by Jilles Tjoelker in <20111129232526.GC14357@stack.nl> due to a report by Stefano Lattarini on bug-autoconf in the ambiguous case, I stick to traditional pdksh behaviour, which means test ! a = b vs. test a = b and test ! a -o b vs. test a -o b behave different from each other (in the second case, the NOT operator binds strong; POSIX demands a reduction to 3 arguments and negating that result in the first case), so we're at two known not-ok in the FreeBSD® testsuite. (81 and 82 in regress.sh,v 1.3)
2011-11-30 22:34:15 +01:00
Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of
.Px
) if the number of arguments to
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic test
rewrite funcs.c:c_test(), i.e. test(1) and [(1), to follow POSIX and XSI in the cases where they are defined unambiguously; bug reported by Jilles Tjoelker in <20111129232526.GC14357@stack.nl> due to a report by Stefano Lattarini on bug-autoconf in the ambiguous case, I stick to traditional pdksh behaviour, which means test ! a = b vs. test a = b and test ! a -o b vs. test a -o b behave different from each other (in the second case, the NOT operator binds strong; POSIX demands a reduction to 3 arguments and negating that result in the first case), so we're at two known not-ok in the FreeBSD® testsuite. (81 and 82 in regress.sh,v 1.3)
2011-11-30 22:34:15 +01:00
or inside the brackets
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic \&[ ... \&]
is less than five: if leading
.Ql \&!
rewrite funcs.c:c_test(), i.e. test(1) and [(1), to follow POSIX and XSI in the cases where they are defined unambiguously; bug reported by Jilles Tjoelker in <20111129232526.GC14357@stack.nl> due to a report by Stefano Lattarini on bug-autoconf in the ambiguous case, I stick to traditional pdksh behaviour, which means test ! a = b vs. test a = b and test ! a -o b vs. test a -o b behave different from each other (in the second case, the NOT operator binds strong; POSIX demands a reduction to 3 arguments and negating that result in the first case), so we're at two known not-ok in the FreeBSD® testsuite. (81 and 82 in regress.sh,v 1.3)
2011-11-30 22:34:15 +01:00
arguments can be stripped such that only one to three arguments remain,
then the lowered comparison is executed; (thanks to XSI) parentheses
.Ic \e( ... \e)
lower four- and three-argument forms to two- and one-argument forms,
respectively; three-argument forms ultimately prefer binary operations,
followed by negation and parenthesis lowering; two- and four-argument forms
prefer negation followed by parenthesis; the one-argument form always implies
.Fl n .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.Sy Note :
A common mistake is to use
.Dq if \&[ $foo = bar \&]
which fails if parameter
.Dq foo
is
.Dv NULL
or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.\&
.Ev IFS
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
octets), or if it is a unary operator like
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sq \&!
or
.Sq Fl n .
Use tests like
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
.Dq if \&[ x\&"$foo\&" = x"bar" \&]
document the [[ $foo = "$bar" ]] thing expressly
2010-08-14 22:13:10 +02:00
instead, or the double-bracket operator
our test(1) promises we can do string1 < string2, and our /bin/test uses mksh... so we pee (literally) on POSIX and don't accept < and > only for [[ ... ]] operator
2005-10-08 21:31:00 +02:00
.Dq if \&[[ $foo = bar \&]]
document the [[ $foo = "$bar" ]] thing expressly
2010-08-14 22:13:10 +02:00
or, to avoid pattern matching (see
.Ic \&[[
above):
fix: "foo" in nroff is quoted, \&"foo" contains literal gänsebeinchen
2011-11-11 23:10:52 +01:00
.Dq if \&[[ $foo = \&"$bar" \&]]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic time
.Op Fl p
.Op Ar pipeline
.Xc
If a
.Ar pipeline
is given, the times used to execute the pipeline are reported.
If no pipeline
is given, then the user and system time used by the shell itself, and all the
commands it has run since it was started, are reported.
The times reported are the real time (elapsed time from start to finish),
the user CPU time (time spent running in user mode), and the system CPU time
(time spent running in kernel mode).
Times are reported to standard error; the format of the output is:
.Pp
.Dl "0m0.00s real 0m0.00s user 0m0.00s system"
.Pp
If the
.Fl p
option is given the output is slightly longer:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
real 0.00
user 0.00
sys 0.00
.Ed
.Pp
It is an error to specify the
.Fl p
option unless
.Ar pipeline
is a simple command.
.Pp
Simple redirections of standard error do not affect the output of the
.Ic time
command:
.Pp
• more on pipelines vs subshells • remove some superfluous spaces
2009-09-06 20:17:51 +02:00
.Dl $ time sleep 1 2\*(Gtafile
.Dl $ { time sleep 1; } 2\*(Gtafile
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
Times for the first command do not go to
.Dq afile ,
but those of the second command do.
.Pp
.It Ic times
Print the accumulated user and system times used both by the shell
and by processes that the shell started which have exited.
The format of the output is:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
0m0.00s 0m0.00s
0m0.00s 0m0.00s
.Ed
.Pp
.It Ic trap Op Ar handler signal ...
Sets a trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals are
received.
.Ar handler
is either a
.Dv NULL
string, indicating the signals are to be ignored, a minus sign
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Pq Sq \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals (see
.Xr signal 3 ) ,
or a string containing shell commands to be evaluated and executed at the first
opportunity (i.e. when the current command completes, or before printing the
next
.Ev PS1
prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
.Ar signal
is the name of a signal (e.g.\&
.Dv PIPE
or
.Dv ALRM )
or the number of the signal (see the
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic kill \-l
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
command above).
.Pp
There are two special signals:
.Dv EXIT
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
(also known as 0) which is executed when the shell is about to exit, and
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Dv ERR ,
which is executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
the shell to exit if the
.Fl e
or
.Ic errexit
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
option were set \*(en see the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ic set
command above).
.Dv EXIT
handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed command.
Note
that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for signals
that were ignored when the shell started.
.Pp
With no arguments,
.Ic trap
lists, as a series of
.Ic trap
commands, the current state of the traps that have been set since the shell
started.
Note that the output of
.Ic trap
cannot be usefully piped to another process (an artifact of the fact that
traps are cleared when subprocesses are created).
.Pp
The original Korn shell's
.Dv DEBUG
trap and the handling of
.Dv ERR
and
.Dv EXIT
traps in functions are not yet implemented.
.Pp
.It Ic true
A command that exits with a zero value.
.Pp
.It Xo
add new experimental "global" command
2011-07-02 19:57:24 +02:00
.Ic global
merge the nameref code, using mksh standard scoping as discussed
2009-09-06 19:42:15 +02:00
.Oo Op Ic +\-alpnrtUux
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Fl L Ns Op Ar n
.Op Fl R Ns Op Ar n
.Op Fl Z Ns Op Ar n
.Op Fl i Ns Op Ar n
.No \*(Ba Fl f Op Fl tux Oc
.Oo Ar name
.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
.Ar ... Oc
.Xc
add new experimental "global" command
2011-07-02 19:57:24 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic typeset
.Oo Op Ic +\-alpnrtUux
.Op Fl LRZ Ns Op Ar n
.Op Fl i Ns Op Ar n
.No \*(Ba Fl f Op Fl tux Oc
.Oo Ar name
.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
.Ar ... Oc
.Xc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Display or set parameter attributes.
With no
.Ar name
arguments, parameter attributes are displayed; if no options are used, the
current attributes of all parameters are printed as
.Ic typeset
commands; if an option is given (or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
with no option letter), all parameters and their values with the specified
attributes are printed; if options are introduced with
.Ql + ,
parameter values are not printed.
.Pp
If
.Ar name
arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters are set
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Pq Ic \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or cleared
.Pq Ic + .
Values for parameters may optionally be specified.
introduce “typeset -i foo[*]”, rationale see cid 1004B5DA60A56BFB604
2010-01-25 15:25:16 +01:00
For
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Ar name Ns \&[*] ,
introduce “typeset -i foo[*]”, rationale see cid 1004B5DA60A56BFB604
2010-01-25 15:25:16 +01:00
the change affects the entire array, and no value may be specified.
add new experimental "global" command
2011-07-02 19:57:24 +02:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If
.Ic typeset
add new experimental "global" command
2011-07-02 19:57:24 +02:00
is used inside a function, any parameters specified are localised.
This is not done by the otherwise identical
.Ic global .
add note that mksh's global is not php/python's
2011-12-03 01:09:15 +01:00
.Em Note :
This means that
.Nm No 's Ic global
command is
.Em not
equivalent to other programming languages' as it does not allow a
function called from another function to access a parameter at truly
global scope, but only prevents putting an accessed one into local scope.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
When
.Fl f
is used,
.Ic typeset
operates on the attributes of functions.
As with parameters, if no
.Ar name
arguments are given,
functions are listed with their values (i.e. definitions) unless
options are introduced with
.Ql + ,
in which case only the function names are reported.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
implement "typeset ±a" as no-op
2009-08-28 23:51:52 +02:00
.It Fl a
Indexed array attribute.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl f
Function mode.
Display or set functions and their attributes, instead of parameters.
.It Fl i Ns Op Ar n
Integer attribute.
.Ar n
specifies the base to use when displaying the integer (if not specified, the
base given in the first assignment is used).
Parameters with this attribute may
be assigned values containing arithmetic expressions.
.It Fl L Ns Op Ar n
Left justify attribute.
.Ar n
specifies the field width.
If
.Ar n
is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
assigned value) is used.
Leading whitespace (and zeros, if used with the
.Fl Z
option) is stripped.
If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded
to fit the field width.
.It Fl l
Lower case attribute.
All upper case characters in values are converted to lower case.
(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
.Dq long integer
when used with the
.Fl i
option.)
merge the nameref code, using mksh standard scoping as discussed
2009-09-06 19:42:15 +02:00
.It Fl n
Create a bound variable (name reference): any access to the variable
.Ar name
will access the variable
.Ar value
in the current scope (this is different from
.At
.Nm ksh93 ! )
instead.
document that mksh evaluates namerefs lazily but ksh93 doesn't
2010-01-06 19:29:01 +01:00
Also different from
.At
.Nm ksh93
is that
.Ar value
is lazily evaluated at the time
.Ar name
is accessed.
merge the nameref code, using mksh standard scoping as discussed
2009-09-06 19:42:15 +02:00
This can be used by functions to access variables whose names are
passed as parametres, instead of using
.Ic eval .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl p
Print complete
.Ic typeset
• adjust the regression test so that the behaviour of export and readonly matches mksh pre-R29 (the one introducing the bug), and typeset matches the behaviour intended with the R29 changes (better AT&T ksh93 compati- bility) but never reached • adjust the man page description of “typeset -p”, as it’s different from the “typeset” and “typeset -” actions
2008-04-01 23:07:20 +02:00
commands that can be used to re-create the attributes and values of
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
parameters.
.It Fl R Ns Op Ar n
Right justify attribute.
.Ar n
specifies the field width.
If
.Ar n
is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
assigned value) is used.
Trailing whitespace is stripped.
If necessary, values are either stripped of leading characters or space
padded to make them fit the field width.
.It Fl r
Read-only attribute.
Parameters with this attribute may not be assigned to or unset.
Once this attribute is set, it cannot be turned off.
.It Fl t
Tag attribute.
Has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
.Pp
For functions,
.Fl t
is the trace attribute.
When functions with the trace attribute are executed, the
.Ic xtrace
.Pq Fl x
shell option is temporarily turned on.
.It Fl U
Unsigned integer attribute.
document hidden behaviour of typeset to clear flags from a certain set if any other from that set are touched
2006-11-19 18:00:32 +01:00
Integers are printed as unsigned values (combine with the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Fl i
option).
This option is not in the original Korn shell.
.It Fl u
Upper case attribute.
All lower case characters in values are converted to upper case.
(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
.Dq unsigned integer
when used with the
.Fl i
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
option which meant upper case letters would never be used for bases greater
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
than 10.
See the
.Fl U
option.)
.Pp
For functions,
.Fl u
is the undefined attribute.
See
.Sx Functions
above for the implications of this.
.It Fl x
Export attribute.
Parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
any executed commands.
Exported functions are not yet implemented.
.It Fl Z Ns Op Ar n
Zero fill attribute.
If not combined with
.Fl L ,
this is the same as
.Fl R ,
except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
mention -Z padding behaviour change (= fix) pdksh and oksh are wrong here
2008-04-19 23:18:52 +02:00
For integers, the number instead of the base is padded.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
document hidden behaviour of typeset to clear flags from a certain set if any other from that set are touched
2006-11-19 18:00:32 +01:00
If any of the
.\" long integer ,
.Fl i ,
.Fl L ,
.Fl l ,
.Fl R ,
.Fl U ,
.Fl u ,
or
.Fl Z
options are changed, all others from this set are cleared,
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
unless they are also given on the same command line.
document hidden behaviour of typeset to clear flags from a certain set if any other from that set are touched
2006-11-19 18:00:32 +01:00
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Xo
.Ic ulimit
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.Op Fl aBCcdefHiLlMmnOPpqrSsTtVvw
• revert the oksh code to be able to set multiple ulimits in one invocation, until it works with a common idiom: “ulimit -dS 262144” (but keep some goodies) • add a regression test for that
2008-04-20 23:30:29 +02:00
.Op Ar value
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Display or set process limits.
If no options are used, the file size limit
.Pq Fl f
is assumed.
.Ar value ,
• revert the oksh code to be able to set multiple ulimits in one invocation, until it works with a common idiom: “ulimit -dS 262144” (but keep some goodies) • add a regression test for that
2008-04-20 23:30:29 +02:00
if specified, may be either an arithmetic expression or the word
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Dq unlimited .
The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after a
limit is imposed.
Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased
once they are set.
Also note that the types of limits available are system
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
dependent \*(en some systems have only the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Fl f
limit.
.Bl -tag -width 5n
.It Fl a
Display all limits; unless
.Fl H
is used, soft limits are displayed.
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.It Fl B Ar n
Set the socket buffer size to
.Ar n
kibibytes.
.It Fl C Ar n
Set the number of cached threads to
.Ar n .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl c Ar n
Impose a size limit of
.Ar n
blocks on the size of core dumps.
.It Fl d Ar n
Impose a size limit of
.Ar n
kibibytes on the size of the data area.
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.It Fl e Ar n
Set the maximum niceness to
.Ar n .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl f Ar n
Impose a size limit of
.Ar n
blocks on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any
size may be read).
.It Fl H
Set the hard limit only (the default is to set both hard and soft limits).
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.It Fl i Ar n
Set the number of pending signals to
.Ar n .
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
.It Fl L Ar n
Control flocks; documentation is missing.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl l Ar n
Impose a limit of
.Ar n
kibibytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical memory.
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.It Fl M Ar n
Set the AIO locked memory to
.Ar n
kibibytes.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl m Ar n
Impose a limit of
.Ar n
kibibytes on the amount of physical memory used.
.It Fl n Ar n
Impose a limit of
.Ar n
file descriptors that can be open at once.
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.It Fl O Ar n
Set the number of AIO operations to
.Ar n .
.It Fl P Ar n
Limit the number of threads per process to
.Ar n .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl p Ar n
Impose a limit of
.Ar n
processes that can be run by the user at any one time.
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
.It Fl q Ar n
Limit the size of
• add -u option (POSIX: unbuffered ⇒ nop) to the built-in cat • PIPESTATUS now supported (like bash 2) whose last member may actually differ from $? since the latter may not be the result of a pipeline partial command • add regression tests, documentation, etc.
2011-02-18 23:26:13 +01:00
.Tn POSIX
rework ‘m’ and ‘v’ ulimits; add more (seen at zsh)
2010-03-27 17:51:39 +01:00
message queues to
.Ar n
bytes.
.It Fl r Ar n
Set the maximum real-time priority to
.Ar n .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl S
Set the soft limit only (the default is to set both hard and soft limits).
.It Fl s Ar n
Impose a size limit of
.Ar n
kibibytes on the size of the stack area.
.It Fl T Ar n
Impose a time limit of
.Ar n
real seconds to be used by each process.
.It Fl t Ar n
Impose a time limit of
.Ar n
CPU seconds spent in user mode to be used by each process.
document ulimit -V (Haiku only)
2010-03-15 19:14:40 +01:00
.It Fl V Ar n
Set the number of vnode monitors on Haiku to
.Ar n .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Fl v Ar n
Impose a limit of
.Ar n
use RLIMIT_AS, after much RTFM
2007-01-06 19:48:27 +01:00
kibibytes on the amount of virtual memory (address space) used.
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
.It Fl w Ar n
Impose a limit of
.Ar n
kibibytes on the amount of swap space used.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
As far as
.Ic ulimit
is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic umask
.Op Fl S
.Op Ar mask
.Xc
Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
.Xr umask 2 ) .
If the
.Fl S
option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic; otherwise, it is an
octal number.
.Pp
Symbolic masks are like those used by
.Xr chmod 1 .
When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
For example,
.Dq ug=rwx,o=
sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable, or executable by
.Dq others ,
and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
.Dq 007 .
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic unalias
.Op Fl adt
.Op Ar name ...
.Xc
The aliases for the given names are removed.
If the
.Fl a
option is used, all aliases are removed.
If the
.Fl t
or
.Fl d
options are used, the indicated operations are carried out on tracked or
directory aliases, respectively.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic unset
.Op Fl fv
.Ar parameter ...
.Xc
Unset the named parameters
.Po
.Fl v ,
the default
.Pc
or functions
.Pq Fl f .
Add “unset foo[*]” mksh extension, which allows to unset the *contents* of foo[0] (but not its attributes), and the rest of the array, so that later “set +A foo bar” will set foo[0]=bar but retain the attributes. This is important, because, in the future, arrays will have different attributes per element, instead of all the same (which, actually, is not entirely true right now either, since “unset foo[0]” will not mo- dify the attributes of a foo[1] existing at that point in time), where foo[$newkey] will inherit from foo[0], but typeset foo will only affect foo[0] no longer foo[*] in the future. (The rules about typeset=local will still apply, as they affect creation of variables in a scope.)
2010-01-25 15:11:29 +01:00
With
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Ar parameter Ns \&[*] ,
Add “unset foo[*]” mksh extension, which allows to unset the *contents* of foo[0] (but not its attributes), and the rest of the array, so that later “set +A foo bar” will set foo[0]=bar but retain the attributes. This is important, because, in the future, arrays will have different attributes per element, instead of all the same (which, actually, is not entirely true right now either, since “unset foo[0]” will not mo- dify the attributes of a foo[1] existing at that point in time), where foo[$newkey] will inherit from foo[0], but typeset foo will only affect foo[0] no longer foo[*] in the future. (The rules about typeset=local will still apply, as they affect creation of variables in a scope.)
2010-01-25 15:11:29 +01:00
attributes are kept, only values are unset.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
sync with oksh (comments and docs only)
2010-05-13 20:44:10 +02:00
The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters have the read-only
attribute set, zero otherwise.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Ic wait Op Ar job ...
Wait for the specified job(s) to finish.
The exit status of
.Ic wait
is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic kill \-l Ar exit-status
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
had already finished), the exit status of
.Ic wait
is 127.
See
.Sx Job control
below for the format of
.Ar job .
.Ic wait
will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
.Dv SIGHUP ,
.Dv SIGINT ,
or
.Dv SIGQUIT
signal is received.
.Pp
If no jobs are specified,
.Ic wait
waits for all currently running jobs (if any) to finish and exits with a zero
status.
If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is printed
(this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ic whence
.Op Fl pv
.Op Ar name ...
.Xc
For each
.Ar name ,
the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
function, tracked alias, or executable).
If the
.Fl p
option is used, a path search is performed even if
.Ar name
is a reserved word, alias, etc.
Without the
.Fl v
option,
.Ic whence
is similar to
.Ic command Fl v
except that
.Ic whence
will find reserved words and won't print aliases as alias commands.
With the
.Fl v
option,
.Ic whence
is the same as
.Ic command Fl V .
Note that for
.Ic whence ,
the
.Fl p
option does not affect the search path used, as it does for
.Ic command .
If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the exit
status is non-zero.
.El
.Ss Job control
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control jobs which
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines.
At a minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background (i.e.\&
asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be displayed
using the
.Ic jobs
commands.
If job control is fully enabled (using
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-m
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-o monitor ) ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
as it is for interactive shells, the processes of a job are placed in their
own process group.
Foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
character from the terminal (normally \*(haZ), jobs can be restarted in either the
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
foreground or background using the
.Ic fg
and
.Ic bg
commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
.Pp
Note that only commands that create processes (e.g. asynchronous commands,
subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
commands like
.Ic read
cannot be.
.Pp
When a job is created, it is assigned a job number.
For interactive shells, this number is printed inside
sync with oksh and remove some unnecessary/legacy portability notes Revision 1.136: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu Jul 15 20:04:35 2010 UTC (47 hours, 56 minutes ago) by schwarze Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.135: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.135: +7 -7 lines When the first argument or arguments of a macro are opening delimiters (parentheses and/or square brackets), both modern groff and mandoc first output those leading delimiters as plain text, then start the macro scope after these opening delimiters. This is similar to printing trailing punctuation and trailing closing delimiters on a macro line outside and after the macro scope. For example, ".Sq ( text )" is "(`text')", not "`(text)'". Thus, we now need to quote leading opening delimiters when we want them inside the macro scope. These are the cases in src/bin. "makes sense" jmc@
2010-07-17 22:21:18 +02:00
.Dq \&[..] ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
followed by the process IDs of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
command is run.
A job may be referred to in the
.Ic bg ,
.Ic fg ,
.Ic jobs ,
.Ic kill ,
and
.Ic wait
commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
(as stored in the
.Ic $!\&
parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent
sign
.Pq Sq % .
Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
fix more manpages
2009-11-22 19:23:38 +01:00
.Bl -tag -width "%+ x %% x %XX"
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It %+ \*(Ba %% \*(Ba %
The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
running job.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It %\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The job that would be the
.Ic %+
job if the latter did not exist.
.It % Ns Ar n
The job with job number
.Ar n .
.It %? Ns Ar string
The job with its command containing the string
.Ar string
(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
.It % Ns Ar string
The job with its command starting with the string
.Ar string
(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
.El
.Pp
When a job changes state (e.g. a background job finishes or foreground job is
stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
.Pp
.D1 [ Ns Ar number ] Ar flag status command
.Pp
where...
.Bl -tag -width "command"
.It Ar number
is the job number of the job;
.It Ar flag
is the
.Ql +
or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ql \-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
character if the job is the
.Ic %+
or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic %\-
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
job, respectively, or space if it is neither;
.It Ar status
indicates the current state of the job and can be:
.Bl -tag -width "RunningXX"
.It Done Op Ar number
The job exited.
.Ar number
* update to mksh R26c * there is no comma in front of "which" in English, I was taught
2006-01-30 13:37:24 +01:00
is the exit status of the job which is omitted if the status is zero.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Running
The job has neither stopped nor exited (note that running does not necessarily
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
mean consuming CPU time \*(en
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the process could be blocked waiting for some event).
.It Stopped Op Ar signal
The job was stopped by the indicated
.Ar signal
(if no signal is given, the job was stopped by
.Dv SIGTSTP ) .
.It Ar signal-description Op Dq core dumped
The job was killed by a signal (e.g. memory fault, hangup); use
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic kill \-l
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
for a list of signal descriptions.
The
.Dq core dumped
message indicates the process created a core file.
.El
.It Ar command
is the command that created the process.
If there are multiple processes in
the job, each process will have a line showing its
.Ar command
and possibly its
.Ar status ,
if it is different from the status of the previous process.
.El
.Pp
When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in the stopped
state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs and does not exit.
If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped jobs are
sent a
.Dv SIGHUP
signal and the shell exits.
Similarly, if the
.Ic nohup
option is not set and there are running jobs when an attempt is made to exit
a login shell, the shell warns the user and does not exit.
If another attempt
is immediately made to exit the shell, the running jobs are sent a
.Dv SIGHUP
signal and the shell exits.
.Ss Interactive input line editing
The shell supports three modes of reading command lines from a
.Xr tty 4
in an interactive session, controlled by the
.Ic emacs ,
.Ic gmacs ,
and
.Ic vi
options (at most one of these can be set at once).
The default is
.Ic emacs .
Editing modes can be set explicitly using the
.Ic set
mksh now does not look at $EDITOR and $VISUAL any more to determine the editing mode; default is emacs (vi and gmacs off). mksh also defaults to emacs-usemeta=OFF now.
2005-07-04 14:07:41 +02:00
built-in.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If none of these options are enabled,
the shell simply reads lines using the normal
.Xr tty 4
driver.
If the
.Ic emacs
or
.Ic gmacs
option is set, the shell allows emacs-like editing of the command; similarly,
if the
.Ic vi
option is set, the shell allows vi-like editing of the command.
These modes are described in detail in the following sections.
.Pp
In these editing modes, if a line is longer than the screen width (see the
.Ev COLUMNS
parameter),
a
.Ql \*(Gt ,
.Ql + ,
or
.Ql \*(Lt
character is displayed in the last column indicating that there are more
characters after, before and after, or before the current position,
respectively.
The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
add regression tests, sync manpage, bump version number
2008-09-30 20:43:07 +02:00
.Pp
fixes
2008-09-30 20:48:01 +02:00
Completed lines are pushed into the history, unless they begin with an
IFS (even in AT&T ksh93) are octets, so 'IFS=…' isn’t possible atm
2009-11-22 15:23:21 +01:00
IFS octet or IFS white space, or are the same as the previous line.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ss Emacs editing mode
When the
.Ic emacs
option is set, interactive input line editing is enabled.
Warning: This mode is
slightly different from the emacs mode in the original Korn shell.
In this mode, various editing commands
(typically bound to one or more control characters) cause immediate actions
without waiting for a newline.
Several editing commands are bound to particular
control characters when the shell is invoked; these bindings can be changed
using the
.Ic bind
command.
.Pp
The following is a list of available editing commands.
Each description starts with the name of the command,
suffixed with a colon;
an
.Op Ar n
(if the command can be prefixed with a count); and any keys the command is
bound to by default, written using caret notation
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
e.g. the ASCII ESC character is written as \*(ha[.
* fix emacs [ tabcompletion bug XXX it's probably a bug in vi mode too, it just doesn't show * bring manual page and reality into closer sync'd state * sort ulimits
2005-05-26 01:31:08 +02:00
These control sequences are not case sensitive.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
A count prefix for a command is entered using the sequence
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Pf \*(ha[ Ns Ar n ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
where
.Ar n
is a sequence of 1 or more digits.
Unless otherwise specified, if a count is
omitted, it defaults to 1.
.Pp
Note that editing command names are used only with the
.Ic bind
command.
Furthermore, many editing commands are useful only on terminals with
a visible cursor.
The default bindings were chosen to resemble corresponding
Emacs key bindings.
The user's
.Xr tty 4
characters (e.g.\&
.Dv ERASE )
are bound to
reasonable substitutes and override the default bindings.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It abort: \*(haC, \*(haG
correct the description of "abort"
2006-08-08 22:19:14 +02:00
Abort the current command, empty the line buffer and
set the exit state to interrupted.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It auto\-insert: Op Ar n
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Simply causes the character to appear as literal input.
Most ordinary characters are bound to this.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo backward\-char:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.No \*(haB , \*(haXD , ANSI-CurLeft
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Moves the cursor backward
.Ar n
characters.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo backward\-word:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
While we were supposed to use Ctrl-Arrowkey for wordwise jumping, some idiotic terminal emulators and/or people seem to use the es- cape codes normally denoting Alt-Arrowkey instead so let's simply bind them to the vt_hack as well... (untested)
2010-01-08 23:21:06 +01:00
.No \*(ha[b , ANSI-Ctrl-CurLeft , ANSI-Alt-CurLeft
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of the word; words consist of
alphanumerics, underscore
.Pq Sq _ ,
and dollar sign
.Pq Sq $
characters.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It beginning\-of\-history: \*(ha[\*(Lt
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Moves to the beginning of the history.
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.It beginning\-of\-line: \*(haA, ANSI-Home
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Moves the cursor to the beginning of the edited input line.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo capitalise\-word:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[C , \*(ha[c
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Uppercase the first character in the next
.Ar n
words, leaving the cursor past the end of the last word.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It clear\-screen: \*(ha[\*(haL
add a new bindable command “clear-screen”, which can be bound to the ^L key so that archite@midnightbsd won’t have to add evil kludges to oksh again if they switch their ksh to mksh ☺ both “clear-screen” and “error” aren’t bound; default binding for ^L stays, as usual, “redraw” (principle of least surprise); however GNU bash converts also might want to put “bind ^L=clear-screen” into their ~/.mkshrc.
2007-07-31 17:29:40 +02:00
Prints a compile-time configurable sequence to clear the screen and home
the cursor, redraws the entire prompt and the currently edited input line.
The default sequence works for almost all standard terminals.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It comment: \*(ha[#
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If the current line does not begin with a comment character, one is added at
the beginning of the line and the line is entered (as if return had been
pressed); otherwise, the existing comment characters are removed and the cursor
is placed at the beginning of the line.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It complete: \*(ha[\*(ha[
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name or the file
name containing the cursor.
If the entire remaining command or file name is
unique, a space is printed after its completion, unless it is a directory name
in which case
.Ql /
is appended.
If there is no command or file name with the current partial word
as its prefix, a bell character is output (usually causing a beep to be
sounded).
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It complete\-command: \*(haX\*(ha[
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name having the
partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
.Ic complete
command above.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It complete\-file: \*(ha[\*(haX
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Automatically completes as much as is unique of the file name having the
partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
.Ic complete
command described above.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It complete\-list: \*(haI, \*(ha[=
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Complete as much as is possible of the current word,
and list the possible completions for it.
If only one completion is possible,
match as in the
.Ic complete
command above.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
Note that \*(haI is usually generated by the TAB (tabulator) key.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo delete\-char\-backward:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No ERASE , \*(ha? , \*(haH
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Deletes
.Ar n
characters before the cursor.
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.It Xo delete\-char\-forward:
.Op Ar n
.No ANSI-Del
.Xc
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Deletes
.Ar n
characters after the cursor.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo delete\-word\-backward:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
fix typo
2009-05-16 16:34:58 +02:00
.No WERASE , \*(ha[\*(ha? , \*(ha[\*(haH , \*(ha[h
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Deletes
.Ar n
words before the cursor.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo delete\-word\-forward:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[d
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Deletes characters after the cursor up to the end of
.Ar n
words.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo down\-history:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.No \*(haN , \*(haXB , ANSI-CurDown
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Scrolls the history buffer forward
.Ar n
lines (later).
Each input line originally starts just after the last entry
in the history buffer, so
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic down\-history
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
is not useful until either
Add search-history-up and search-history-down keybindings (both unbound by default) to the Emacs command line editing mode; patch originally by James Butler <sweetnavelorange@gmail.com> but slightly modified 10x
2009-05-16 16:19:23 +02:00
.Ic search\-history ,
.Ic search\-history\-up
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic up\-history
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
has been performed.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo downcase\-word:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[L , \*(ha[l
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Lowercases the next
.Ar n
words.
add regression tests, sync manpage, bump version number
2008-09-30 20:43:07 +02:00
.It Xo edit\-line:
merge manpage and sync RCS IDs not merged: POSuX character class nonsense
2009-03-22 19:09:17 +01:00
.Op Ar n
add regression tests, sync manpage, bump version number
2008-09-30 20:43:07 +02:00
.No \*(haXe
.Xc
Edit line
.Ar n
or the current line, if not specified, interactively.
The actual command executed is
.Ic fc \-e ${VISUAL:\-${EDITOR:\-vi}} Ar n .
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It end\-of\-history: \*(ha[\*(Gt
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Moves to the end of the history.
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.It end\-of\-line: \*(haE, ANSI-End
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Moves the cursor to the end of the input line.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It eot: \*(ha_
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Acts as an end-of-file; this is useful because edit-mode input disables
normal terminal input canonicalization.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo eot\-or\-delete:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(haD
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Acts as
.Ic eot
if alone on a line; otherwise acts as
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic delete\-char\-forward .
add a new bindable command “clear-screen”, which can be bound to the ^L key so that archite@midnightbsd won’t have to add evil kludges to oksh again if they switch their ksh to mksh ☺ both “clear-screen” and “error” aren’t bound; default binding for ^L stays, as usual, “redraw” (principle of least surprise); however GNU bash converts also might want to put “bind ^L=clear-screen” into their ~/.mkshrc.
2007-07-31 17:29:40 +02:00
.It error: (not bound)
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Error (ring the bell).
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It exchange\-point\-and\-mark: \*(haX\*(haX
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Places the cursor where the mark is and sets the mark to where the cursor was.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It expand\-file: \*(ha[*
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Appends a
.Ql *
to the current word and replaces the word with the result of performing file
globbing on the word.
If no files match the pattern, the bell is rung.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo forward\-char:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.No \*(haF , \*(haXC , ANSI-CurRight
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Moves the cursor forward
.Ar n
characters.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo forward\-word:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
While we were supposed to use Ctrl-Arrowkey for wordwise jumping, some idiotic terminal emulators and/or people seem to use the es- cape codes normally denoting Alt-Arrowkey instead so let's simply bind them to the vt_hack as well... (untested)
2010-01-08 23:21:06 +01:00
.No \*(ha[f , ANSI-Ctrl-CurRight , ANSI-Alt-CurRight
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Moves the cursor forward to the end of the
.Ar n Ns th
word.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo goto\-history:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[g
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Goes to history number
.Ar n .
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It kill\-line: KILL
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Deletes the entire input line.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It kill\-region: \*(haW
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Deletes the input between the cursor and the mark.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo kill\-to\-eol:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(haK
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Deletes the input from the cursor to the end of the line if
.Ar n
is not specified; otherwise deletes characters between the cursor and column
.Ar n .
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It list: \*(ha[?
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names or file names (if any) that
can complete the partial word containing the cursor.
Directory names have
.Ql /
appended to them.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It list\-command: \*(haX?
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names (if any) that can complete
the partial word containing the cursor.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It list\-file: \*(haX\*(haY
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Prints a sorted, columnated list of file names (if any) that can complete the
partial word containing the cursor.
File type indicators are appended as described under
.Ic list
above.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It newline: \*(haJ , \*(haM
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell.
The current cursor position may be anywhere on the line.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It newline\-and\-next: \*(haO
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell, and the next line
from history becomes the current line.
This is only useful after an
Add search-history-up and search-history-down keybindings (both unbound by default) to the Emacs command line editing mode; patch originally by James Butler <sweetnavelorange@gmail.com> but slightly modified 10x
2009-05-16 16:19:23 +02:00
.Ic up\-history ,
.Ic search\-history
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
Add search-history-up and search-history-down keybindings (both unbound by default) to the Emacs command line editing mode; patch originally by James Butler <sweetnavelorange@gmail.com> but slightly modified 10x
2009-05-16 16:19:23 +02:00
.Ic search\-history\-up .
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It no\-op: QUIT
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
This does nothing.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It prefix\-1: \*(ha[
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It prefix\-2: \*(haX , \*(ha[[ , \*(ha[O
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo prev\-hist\-word:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[. , \*(ha[_
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
fix prev-hist-word again, thanks Jörg-Volker Peetz
2011-02-09 14:08:18 +01:00
The last word, or, if given, the
.Ar n Ns th
word (zero-based) of the previous (on repeated execution, second-last,
third-last, etc.) command is inserted at the cursor.
implement Message-ID: <20081004171903.GA14184@boetes.org> in a somewhat hackish way, and it’s still quite different from zsh, but probably closer to a desired functionality XXX this makes state by abusing 「modified」 and 「xmp」 (“the mark”).
2008-10-05 01:08:04 +02:00
Use of this editing command trashes the mark.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It quote: \*(ha\*(ha , \*(haV
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The following character is taken literally rather than as an editing command.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It redraw: \*(haL
• change version number to “R29 and up” so that I don't have to bump it every time… • amend description of emacs-mode “redraw”
2007-04-30 21:16:30 +02:00
Reprints the last line of the prompt string and the current input line
on a new line.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo search\-character\-backward:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[\*(ha]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Search backward in the current line for the
.Ar n Ns th
occurrence of the next character typed.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo search\-character\-forward:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha]
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Search forward in the current line for the
.Ar n Ns th
occurrence of the next character typed.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It search\-history: \*(haR
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Enter incremental search mode.
The internal history list is searched
backwards for commands matching the input.
An initial
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \*(ha
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
in the search string anchors the search.
correct the description of "abort"
2006-08-08 22:19:14 +02:00
The escape key will leave search mode.
fixes
2008-09-30 20:48:01 +02:00
Other commands, including sequences of escape as
.Ic prefix\-1
followed by a
.Ic prefix\-1
or
.Ic prefix\-2
key will be executed after leaving search mode.
when doing a history search (^R), restore old input line on abortion (^G – ^C is SIGINT and doesn’t work like this, but that’s actually good IMO) prompted by enquiry about the Emacs editing mode by <smultron:#MidnightBSD>
2008-10-19 22:15:45 +02:00
The
.Ic abort Pq \*(haG
command will restore the input line before search started.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Successive
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic search\-history
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
commands continue searching backward to the next previous occurrence of the
pattern.
The history buffer retains only a finite number of lines; the oldest
are discarded as necessary.
bind new search-history-{up,down} to ANSI PgUp and PgDn keys “because we can”
2009-05-16 16:45:40 +02:00
.It search\-history\-up: ANSI-PgUp
Add search-history-up and search-history-down keybindings (both unbound by default) to the Emacs command line editing mode; patch originally by James Butler <sweetnavelorange@gmail.com> but slightly modified 10x
2009-05-16 16:19:23 +02:00
Search backwards through the history buffer for commands whose beginning match
the portion of the input line before the cursor.
When used on an empty line, this has the same effect as
.Ic up\-history .
bind new search-history-{up,down} to ANSI PgUp and PgDn keys “because we can”
2009-05-16 16:45:40 +02:00
.It search\-history\-down: ANSI-PgDn
Add search-history-up and search-history-down keybindings (both unbound by default) to the Emacs command line editing mode; patch originally by James Butler <sweetnavelorange@gmail.com> but slightly modified 10x
2009-05-16 16:19:23 +02:00
Search forwards through the history buffer for commands whose beginning match
the portion of the input line before the cursor.
When used on an empty line, this has the same effect as
.Ic down\-history .
This is only useful after an
.Ic up\-history ,
.Ic search\-history
or
.Ic search\-history\-up .
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It set\-mark\-command: \*(ha[ Ns Aq space
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Set the mark at the cursor position.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It transpose\-chars: \*(haT
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If at the end of line, or if the
.Ic gmacs
option is set, this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor one
character to the right.
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo up\-history:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
document currently bound ANSI cursor keys (↑↓←→ Home End Del)
2009-05-16 16:44:37 +02:00
.No \*(haP , \*(haXA , ANSI-CurUp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Scrolls the history buffer backward
.Ar n
lines (earlier).
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.It Xo upcase\-word:
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Op Ar n
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.No \*(ha[U , \*(ha[u
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Uppercase the next
.Ar n
words.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It version: \*(ha[\*(haV
bring back the 'version' editing command at "ESC ^V" like AT&T ksh93+r
2006-08-01 14:44:17 +02:00
Display the version of
if .Nm is used with arguments, it needs the name, always (groff 1.15)
2007-01-18 01:00:27 +01:00
.Nm mksh .
bring back the 'version' editing command at "ESC ^V" like AT&T ksh93+r
2006-08-01 14:44:17 +02:00
The current edit buffer is restored as soon as a key is pressed.
The restoring keypress is processed, unless it is a space.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It yank: \*(haY
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Inserts the most recently killed text string at the current cursor position.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It yank\-pop: \*(ha[y
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Immediately after a
.Ic yank ,
replaces the inserted text string with the next previously killed text string.
.El
.Ss Vi editing mode
mention that the vi editing mode is orphaned (almost no users, really no developers, I understand about 1% of the source code only) yet still functional (just not en par with the emacs editing mode, but no known regressions over oksh (in -current) and better functionality than most other korn shells, according to Yofuh)
2008-09-14 22:56:06 +02:00
.Em Note:
The vi command-line editing mode is orphaned, yet still functional.
.Pp
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The vi command-line editor in
.Nm
has basically the same commands as the
.Xr vi 1
editor with the following exceptions:
.Bl -bullet
.It
You start out in insert mode.
.It
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
There are file name and command completion commands:
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
=, \e, *, \*(haX, \*(haE, \*(haF, and, optionally,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Aq tab
and
.Aq esc .
.It
The
.Ic _
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
command is different (in
.Nm mksh ,
it is the last argument command; in
.Xr vi 1
it goes to the start of the current line).
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It
The
.Ic /
and
.Ic G
commands move in the opposite direction to the
.Ic j
command.
.It
Commands which don't make sense in a single line editor are not available
(e.g. screen movement commands and
.Xr ex 1 Ns -style
colon
.Pq Ic \&:
commands).
.El
.Pp
Like
.Xr vi 1 ,
there are two modes:
.Dq insert
mode and
.Dq command
mode.
In insert mode, most characters are simply put in the buffer at the
current cursor position as they are typed; however, some characters are
treated specially.
In particular, the following characters are taken from current
.Xr tty 4
settings
(see
.Xr stty 1 )
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
and have their usual meaning (normal values are in parentheses): kill (\*(haU),
erase (\*(ha?), werase (\*(haW), eof (\*(haD), intr (\*(haC), and quit (\*(ha\e).
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
In addition to
the above, the following characters are also treated specially in insert mode:
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable first part of long-overdue manpage improvements
2011-07-16 19:08:04 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width XJXXXXM
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haE
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Command and file name enumeration (see below).
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haF
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Command and file name completion (see below).
If used twice in a row, the
list of possible completions is displayed; if used a third time, the completion
is undone.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haH
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Erases previous character.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haJ \*(Ba \*(haM
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
End of line.
The current line is read, parsed, and executed by the shell.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haV
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Literal next.
The next character typed is not treated specially (can be used
to insert the characters being described here).
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haX
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Command and file name expansion (see below).
.It Aq esc
Puts the editor in command mode (see below).
.It Aq tab
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
Optional file name and command completion (see
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ic \*(haF
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
above), enabled with
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-o vi\-tabcomplete .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
In command mode, each character is interpreted as a command.
Characters that
don't correspond to commands, are illegal combinations of commands, or are
commands that can't be carried out, all cause beeps.
In the following command descriptions, an
.Op Ar n
indicates the command may be prefixed by a number (e.g.\&
.Ic 10l
moves right 10 characters); if no number prefix is used,
.Ar n
is assumed to be 1 unless otherwise specified.
The term
.Dq current position
refers to the position between the cursor and the character preceding the
cursor.
A
.Dq word
is a sequence of letters, digits, and underscore characters or a sequence of
non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, and non-whitespace characters (e.g.\&
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Dq ab2*&\*(ha
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
contains two words) and a
.Dq big-word
is a sequence of non-whitespace characters.
.Pp
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
Special
.Nm
vi commands:
.Pp
The following commands are not in, or are different from, the normal vi file
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
editor:
.Bl -tag -width 10n
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns _
.Xc
Insert a space followed by the
.Ar n Ns th
big-word from the last command in the history at the current position and enter
insert mode; if
.Ar n
is not specified, the last word is inserted.
.It #
Insert the comment character
.Pq Sq #
at the start of the current line and return the line to the shell (equivalent
to
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ic I#\*(haJ ) .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns g
.Xc
Like
.Ic G ,
except if
.Ar n
is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns v
.Xc
Edit line
.Ar n
using the
.Xr vi 1
editor; if
.Ar n
is not specified, the current line is edited.
The actual command executed is
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic fc \-e ${VISUAL:\-${EDITOR:\-vi}} Ar n .
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It * and \*(haX
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Command or file name expansion is applied to the current big-word (with an
appended
.Ql *
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
if the word contains no file globbing characters) \*(en the big-word is replaced
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
with the resulting words.
sync with oksh: Revision 1.129: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu May 28 06:09:06 2009 UTC (3 days, 11 hours ago) by jmc Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.128: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.128: +6 -6 lines fix missing bracket by slightly rewriting; from Alan R. S. Bueno
2009-05-31 19:41:09 +02:00
If the current big-word is the first on the line
or follows one of the characters
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql \&; ,
* add a few handy tricks (IFS, -r, -p and co-processes) to the description of the 'read' builtin (it's not exactly where they belong, but hey, this man page is already better than the O'Reilly book) * replace all | with \*(Ba
2006-01-27 11:58:36 +01:00
.Ql \*(Ba ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Ql & ,
work around a bug in the GNU implementation of the Berkeley mdoc macros cought by crib in IRC, thanks (our textproc/groff port is unaffected since it uses the MirOS implementation, a BSD derived one with fixes, by default instead but can reproduce the defect with -mgdoc instead of -mdoc as parametre)
2006-11-16 14:05:39 +01:00
.Ql \&( ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
or
sync with oksh: Revision 1.129: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu May 28 06:09:06 2009 UTC (3 days, 11 hours ago) by jmc Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.128: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.128: +6 -6 lines fix missing bracket by slightly rewriting; from Alan R. S. Bueno
2009-05-31 19:41:09 +02:00
.Ql \&) ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
and does not contain a slash
sync with oksh: Revision 1.129: [7]download - view: [8]text, [9]markup, [10]annotated - [11]select for diffs Thu May 28 06:09:06 2009 UTC (3 days, 11 hours ago) by jmc Branches: [12]MAIN CVS tags: [13]HEAD Diff to: previous 1.128: [14]preferred, [15]coloured Changes since revision 1.128: +6 -6 lines fix missing bracket by slightly rewriting; from Alan R. S. Bueno
2009-05-31 19:41:09 +02:00
.Pq Sq / ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
then command expansion is done; otherwise file name expansion is done.
Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions, and
built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching the
directories in the
.Ev PATH
parameter.
File name expansion matches the big-word against the files in the
current directory.
After expansion, the cursor is placed just past the last
word and the editor is in insert mode.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \e ,
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haF ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns Aq tab ,
.No and
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns Aq esc
.Xc
Command/file name completion.
Replace the current big-word with the
longest unique match obtained after performing command and file name expansion.
.Aq tab
is only recognised if the
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic vi\-tabcomplete
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
option is set, while
.Aq esc
is only recognised if the
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic vi\-esccomplete
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
option is set (see
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Ic set \-o ) .
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
If
.Ar n
is specified, the
.Ar n Ns th
possible completion is selected (as reported by the command/file name
enumeration command).
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It = and \*(haE
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Command/file name enumeration.
List all the commands or files that match the current big-word.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haV
bring back the 'version' editing command at "ESC ^V" like AT&T ksh93+r
2006-08-01 14:44:17 +02:00
Display the version of
if .Nm is used with arguments, it needs the name, always (groff 1.15)
2007-01-18 01:00:27 +01:00
.Nm mksh .
bring back the 'version' editing command at "ESC ^V" like AT&T ksh93+r
2006-08-01 14:44:17 +02:00
The current edit buffer is restored as soon as a key is pressed.
The restoring keypress is ignored.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It @ Ns Ar c
Macro expansion.
Execute the commands found in the alias
.Ar c .
.El
.Pp
Intra-line movement commands:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns h and
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haH
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Move left
.Ar n
characters.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns l and
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns Aq space
.Xc
Move right
.Ar n
characters.
.It 0
Move to column 0.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(ha
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Move to the first non-whitespace character.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(Ba
.Xc
Move to column
.Ar n .
.It $
Move to the last character.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns b
.Xc
Move back
.Ar n
words.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns B
.Xc
Move back
.Ar n
big-words.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns e
.Xc
Move forward to the end of the word,
.Ar n
times.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns E
.Xc
Move forward to the end of the big-word,
.Ar n
times.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns w
.Xc
Move forward
.Ar n
words.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns W
.Xc
Move forward
.Ar n
big-words.
.It %
Find match.
The editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis, bracket, or
brace and then moves the cursor to the matching parenthesis, bracket, or brace.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns f Ns Ar c
.Xc
Move forward to the
.Ar n Ns th
occurrence of the character
.Ar c .
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns F Ns Ar c
.Xc
Move backward to the
.Ar n Ns th
occurrence of the character
.Ar c .
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns t Ns Ar c
.Xc
Move forward to just before the
.Ar n Ns th
occurrence of the character
.Ar c .
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns T Ns Ar c
.Xc
Move backward to just before the
.Ar n Ns th
occurrence of the character
.Ar c .
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&;
.Xc
Repeats the last
.Ic f , F , t ,
or
.Ic T
command.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&,
.Xc
Repeats the last
.Ic f , F , t ,
or
.Ic T
command, but moves in the opposite direction.
.El
.Pp
Inter-line movement commands:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns j ,
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns + ,
.No and
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haN
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Move to the
.Ar n Ns th
next line in the history.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns k ,
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \- ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.No and
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haP
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Move to the
.Ar n Ns th
previous line in the history.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns G
.Xc
Move to line
.Ar n
in the history; if
.Ar n
is not specified, the number of the first remembered line is used.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns g
.Xc
Like
.Ic G ,
except if
.Ar n
is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns / Ns Ar string
.Xc
Search backward through the history for the
.Ar n Ns th
line containing
.Ar string ;
if
.Ar string
starts with
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Ql \*(ha ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
the remainder of the string must appear at the start of the history line for
it to match.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&? Ns Ar string
.Xc
Same as
.Ic / ,
except it searches forward through the history.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns n
.Xc
Search for the
.Ar n Ns th
catch up openbsd manpage changes: typos; from alf schlichting, and revisit the RLIMIT_AS issue
2006-12-06 14:46:28 +01:00
occurrence of the last search string;
the direction of the search is the same as the last search.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns N
.Xc
Search for the
.Ar n Ns th
catch up openbsd manpage changes: typos; from alf schlichting, and revisit the RLIMIT_AS issue
2006-12-06 14:46:28 +01:00
occurrence of the last search string;
the direction of the search is the opposite of the last search.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
.Pp
Edit commands
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns a
.Xc
Append text
.Ar n
times; goes into insert mode just after the current position.
The append is
only replicated if command mode is re-entered i.e.\&
.Aq esc
is used.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns A
.Xc
Same as
.Ic a ,
except it appends at the end of the line.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns i
.Xc
Insert text
.Ar n
times; goes into insert mode at the current position.
The insertion is only
replicated if command mode is re-entered i.e.\&
.Aq esc
is used.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns I
.Xc
Same as
.Ic i ,
except the insertion is done just before the first non-blank character.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns s
.Xc
Substitute the next
.Ar n
characters (i.e. delete the characters and go into insert mode).
.It S
Substitute whole line.
All characters from the first non-blank character to the
end of the line are deleted and insert mode is entered.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns c Ns Ar move-cmd
.Xc
Change from the current position to the position resulting from
.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
(i.e. delete the indicated region and go into insert mode); if
.Ar move-cmd
is
.Ic c ,
the line starting from the first non-blank character is changed.
.It C
Change from the current position to the end of the line (i.e. delete to the
end of the line and go into insert mode).
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns x
.Xc
Delete the next
.Ar n
characters.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns X
.Xc
Delete the previous
.Ar n
characters.
.It D
Delete to the end of the line.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns d Ns Ar move-cmd
.Xc
Delete from the current position to the position resulting from
.Ar n move-cmd Ns s ;
.Ar move-cmd
is a movement command (see above) or
.Ic d ,
in which case the current line is deleted.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns r Ns Ar c
.Xc
Replace the next
.Ar n
characters with the character
.Ar c .
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns R
.Xc
Replace.
Enter insert mode but overwrite existing characters instead of
inserting before existing characters.
The replacement is repeated
.Ar n
times.
.It Xo
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(TI
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xc
Change the case of the next
.Ar n
characters.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns y Ns Ar move-cmd
.Xc
Yank from the current position to the position resulting from
.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
into the yank buffer; if
.Ar move-cmd
is
.Ic y ,
the whole line is yanked.
.It Y
Yank from the current position to the end of the line.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns p
.Xc
Paste the contents of the yank buffer just after the current position,
.Ar n
times.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns P
.Xc
Same as
.Ic p ,
except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
.El
.Pp
Miscellaneous vi commands
.Bl -tag -width Ds
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haJ and \*(haM
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
The current line is read, parsed, and executed by the shell.
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It \*(haL and \*(haR
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Redraw the current line.
.It Xo
.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&.
.Xc
Redo the last edit command
.Ar n
times.
.It u
Undo the last edit command.
.It U
Undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
.It Ar intr No and Ar quit
The interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to be
deleted and a new prompt to be printed.
.El
.Sh FILES
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
.Bl -tag -width XetcXsuid_profile -compact
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It Pa \*(TI/.mkshrc
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
User mkshrc profile (non-privileged interactive shells); see
.Sx Startup files.
The location can be changed at compile time (for embedded systems);
AOSP Android builds use
.Pa /system/etc/mkshrc .
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.It Pa \*(TI/.profile
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
User profile (non-privileged login shells); see
.Sx Startup files
near the top of this manual.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Pa /etc/profile
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
System profile (login shells); see
.Sx Startup files.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.It Pa /etc/shells
Shell database.
merge OpenBSD (sort order) fix but don't document any kshrc, we got rid of them some time ago
2005-11-22 19:09:18 +01:00
.It Pa /etc/suid_profile
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
Suid profile (privileged shells); see
.Sx Startup files.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.El
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable move /etc/{,suid_}profile to /system/etc/ for Android (but do not make the location of /etc configurable); rewrite manpage section about /etc/{,suid_}profile, .profile, .mkshrc
2011-07-16 19:08:21 +02:00
.Pp
Note: On Android,
.Pa /system/etc/
contains the system and suid profile.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr awk 1 ,
make cat an mksh builtin, for things like here documents if any options are given, the external programme is invoked instead
2010-08-28 19:21:46 +02:00
.Xr cat 1 ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xr ed 1 ,
.Xr getopt 1 ,
‣ merge from mksh R40-stable document the unportability of the echo utility; arekm's non-bug report inspired this
2011-07-16 19:07:48 +02:00
.Xr printf 1 ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xr sed 1 ,
.Xr sh 1 ,
.Xr stty 1 ,
.Xr dup 2 ,
.Xr execve 2 ,
.Xr getgid 2 ,
.Xr getuid 2 ,
follow OpenBSD and add mknod as mksh builtin (mknod <file> p acts as mkfifo) but write a good chunk of that code myself (better structured, better error handling, more gotos, less function calls, int -> bool) passes all tests on mirbsd; this will become mksh R25 once tested on other supported OSes
2005-10-21 14:41:56 +02:00
.Xr mknod 2 ,
.Xr mkfifo 2 ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xr open 2 ,
.Xr pipe 2 ,
new builtin “rename” (this name sounds better than “mksh_mv_rescue” ☻) to just call rename(2) directly, e.g. if /bin/mv needs /lib/ld-uClibc.so.0 some assorted code cleanup
2007-08-20 00:06:27 +02:00
.Xr rename 2 ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xr wait 2 ,
.Xr getopt 3 ,
fix description of setlocale stuff a little
2006-11-09 00:49:01 +01:00
.Xr nl_langinfo 3 ,
.Xr setlocale 3 ,
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Xr signal 3 ,
.Xr system 3 ,
.Xr tty 4 ,
.Xr shells 5 ,
.Xr environ 7 ,
follow OpenBSD and add mknod as mksh builtin (mknod <file> p acts as mkfifo) but write a good chunk of that code myself (better structured, better error handling, more gotos, less function calls, int -> bool) passes all tests on mirbsd; this will become mksh R25 once tested on other supported OSes
2005-10-21 14:41:56 +02:00
.Xr script 7 ,
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.Xr utf\-8 7 ,
follow OpenBSD and add mknod as mksh builtin (mknod <file> p acts as mkfifo) but write a good chunk of that code myself (better structured, better error handling, more gotos, less function calls, int -> bool) passes all tests on mirbsd; this will become mksh R25 once tested on other supported OSes
2005-10-21 14:41:56 +02:00
.Xr mknod 8
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Pp
.Pa http://docsrv.sco.com:507/en/man/html.C/sh.C.html
.Rs
.%A Morris Bolsky
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%B "The KornShell Command and Programming Language"
.%D 1989
.%I "Prentice Hall PTR"
.%P "xvi\ +\ 356 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-13\-516972\-8 (0\-13\-516972\-0)"
.Re
.Rs
.%A Morris I. Bolsky
.%A David G. Korn
.%B "The New KornShell Command and Programming Language (2nd Edition)"
.%D 1995
.%I "Prentice Hall PTR"
.%P "xvi\ +\ 400 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-13\-182700\-4 (0\-13\-182700\-6)"
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Re
.Rs
.%A Stephen G. Kochan
.%A Patrick H. Wood
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.%B "\\*(tNUNIX\\*(sP Shell Programming"
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%V "Revised Edition"
.%D 1990
.%I "Hayden"
.%P "xi\ +\ 490 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-672\-48448\-3 (0\-672\-48448\-X)"
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Re
.Rs
.%A "IEEE Inc."
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.%B "\\*(tNIEEE\\*(sP Standard for Information Technology \*(en Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)"
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%V "Part 2: Shell and Utilities"
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.%D 1993
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%I "IEEE Press"
.%P "xvii\ +\ 1195 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-1\-55937\-255\-8 (1\-55937\-255\-9)"
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Re
* this is almost mksh R27, bump * add the O'Reilly books as references
2006-05-10 21:30:33 +02:00
.Rs
.%A Bill Rosenblatt
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%B "Learning the Korn Shell"
* this is almost mksh R27, bump * add the O'Reilly books as references
2006-05-10 21:30:33 +02:00
.%D 1993
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%I "O'Reilly"
.%P "360 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-1\-56592\-054\-5 (1\-56592\-054\-6)"
* this is almost mksh R27, bump * add the O'Reilly books as references
2006-05-10 21:30:33 +02:00
.Re
.Rs
.%A Bill Rosenblatt
.%A Arnold Robbins
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%B "Learning the Korn Shell, Second Edition"
* this is almost mksh R27, bump * add the O'Reilly books as references
2006-05-10 21:30:33 +02:00
.%D 2002
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%I "O'Reilly"
.%P "432 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-596\-00195\-7 (0\-596\-00195\-9)"
.Re
.Rs
.%A Barry Rosenberg
.%B "KornShell Programming Tutorial"
.%D 1991
Patrick “aptituz” Schoenfeld mentioned “lintian -viI mksh*.changes” to me, which points out that “gnroff -Tutf8” mangles the ‘-’ characters (hyphen/minus) from the input into ‘‐’ characters (hyphen), which does not make sense in many cases and prevent copy’n’paste → fix no change in nrcon output
2008-03-03 23:38:41 +01:00
.%I "Addison-Wesley Professional"
* add new book reference from #ksh (freenode) topic * add another ksh book, referenced from amazon * fix reference mdoc code * add page count for the books * fix old 10-digit ISBNs * add new 13-digit ISBNs * add myself as current maintainer/developer * add miros-discuss eMail address for bug reports * note that no book documents mksh
2006-07-27 16:45:30 +02:00
.%P "xxi\ +\ 324 pages"
.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-201\-56324\-5 (0\-201\-56324\-X)"
* this is almost mksh R27, bump * add the O'Reilly books as references
2006-05-10 21:30:33 +02:00
.Re
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sh AUTHORS
move pdksh and contributor dedication into TFM, preparation for things to come
2009-05-16 16:17:39 +02:00
.Nm "The MirBSD Korn Shell"
is developed by
.An Thorsten Glaser Aq tg@mirbsd.org
and currently maintained as part of The MirOS Project.
wording
2007-01-18 17:23:52 +01:00
This shell is based upon the Public Domain Korn SHell.
move pdksh and contributor dedication into TFM, preparation for things to come
2009-05-16 16:17:39 +02:00
The developer of mksh recognises the efforts of the pdksh authors,
who had dedicated their work into Public Domain, our users, and
all contributors, such as the Debian and OpenBSD projects.
Message-ID: <CAOw7k5gBmt+WqzQxgK8xrjMvCh3iBHcQ7cU78cy1WbzRf8d_Hg@mail.gmail.com> just to make sure, got a copyright licence for this
2011-09-13 20:46:46 +02:00
.\"
.\" Charles Forsyth, author of the (Public Domain) Bourne Shell clone,
.\" which mksh is derived from, agreed to the following:
.\"
.\" In countries where the Public Domain status of the work may not be
.\" valid, its primary author hereby grants a copyright licence to the
.\" general public to deal in the work without restriction and permis-
.\" sion to sublicence derivates under the terms of any (OSI approved)
.\" Open Source licence.
.\"
move pdksh and contributor dedication into TFM, preparation for things to come
2009-05-16 16:17:39 +02:00
See the documentation, CVS, and web site for details.
$'…' functionality, documentation improvements, fixes for backslash expansion in all modes, regression tests for both kinds of backslash expansion; unbksl() revamp; make CTRL macro available globally
2009-09-19 23:54:46 +02:00
.Sh CAVEATS
.Nm
only supports the Unicode BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane).
It has a different scope model from
.At
.Nm ksh ,
which leads to subtile differences in semantics for identical builtins.
document workaround for the $(…) parsing bug
2010-09-05 21:12:24 +02:00
.Pp
The parts of a pipeline, like below, are executed in subshells.
Thus, variable assignments inside them fail.
Use co-processes instead.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
foo \*(Ba bar \*(Ba read baz # will not change $baz
lintian caught hyphen-used-as-minus-sign
2010-09-05 22:43:37 +02:00
foo \*(Ba bar \*(Ba& read \-p baz # will, however, do so
document workaround for the $(…) parsing bug
2010-09-05 21:12:24 +02:00
.Ed
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
.Sh BUGS
grml, better.
2010-01-27 19:36:19 +01:00
Suspending (using \*(haZ) pipelines like the one below will only suspend
the currently running part of the pipeline; in this example,
.Dq fubar
document workaround for the $(…) parsing bug
2010-09-05 21:12:24 +02:00
is immediately printed on suspension (but not later after an
.Ic fg ) .
document an annoying ^Z bug (I think this is because the TAND and the Job are not visible to the code at the same time; patches welcome, as usual) I don't think this is related to ^Z'd systrace(1)'d programmes sometimes being unawakable, though.
2010-01-27 19:16:14 +01:00
.Bd -literal -offset indent
I thought of making COMSUB pass a pointer to the struct op *t->left around instead, but the parser for the so-called “backticks” (U+0060) still emits plaintext COMSUB wdstrings, and the evaluation code emits plaintext if the code is not run (‘-n’ option), so it’s not worth the effort and memory ma- nagement issues, even though it _would_ optimise the most common case… Bump version numbers, sync regression tests; add one testcase from the old webpages too. Sync manpage, this now works, but keep the workaround in, as “portability issue” with slightly changed wording. Also, /bin/sleep must be used in one manpage example if sleep is built in.
2011-03-06 02:50:11 +01:00
$ /bin/sleep 666 && echo fubar
• document the pipeline thing better • set -o {posix,sh} also turns off the other, like {emacs,gmacs,vi}
2010-01-28 16:33:11 +01:00
.Ed
.Pp
* this is almost mksh R27, bump * add the O'Reilly books as references
2006-05-10 21:30:33 +02:00
This document attempts to describe
sync clog
2011-06-22 00:02:09 +02:00
.Nm mksh\ R40+CVS
• change version number to “R29 and up” so that I don't have to bump it every time… • amend description of emacs-mode “redraw”
2007-04-30 21:16:30 +02:00
and up,
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
compiled without any options impacting functionality, such as
.Dv MKSH_SMALL ,
for an operating environment supporting all of its advanced needs.
Add mirbsdksh R21, which was developed in a temporary external CVS repo- sitory whose ChangeLog follows. mksh R21 is licenced under the MirOS li- cence, shown in "sh.h", and a two-clause UCB-style licence by Marc Espie as shown in "alloc.c". This executable is a fair bit smaller and shorter than our /bin/ksh that it is designed to eventually replace (as /bin/sh hardlink), with the old /bin/ksh to completely vanish. It is still in beta testing though, and I don't think it will compile on other operating systems. mksh R21 is a completely new port, bringing together the OpenBSD-current /bin/ksh, the MirOS-current /bin/ksh and the older mksh R20 (which still was portable, ocvs-based).
2005-05-23 05:06:10 +02:00
Please report bugs in
.Nm
* remove redundancy * integrate compat.h, version.h into sh.h (dependency trick didn't work anyway) * mention #ksh in mksh(1) since the founder (twkm) said it's on topic too (don't remove mention of #mksh despite it's usually empty because of control)
2006-08-23 00:49:38 +02:00
to the
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
.Mx
mailing list at
according to groff_char(7) and my own hard experiences, there is more wrong with GNU groff – add some special handling to the BSD mdoc macros for it so that the manual pages look good in both utf8 and ps (PDF) mode; also fix in mksh wrong display of ` (groff: ‘), ' (groff: ’), \' (groff: ´), \- (groff: U+2212 −), the en dash (nroff doesn’t have it, use the em dash there ONLY), and ~ and ^ (groff: placed atop and size-reduced, for use as diacritics, in manual pages bad since these are control characters there) → PDF manpage now has ‘’ “” and good-looking hyphens and mini and ~ and ^ → utf8 manpage now has ‘’ “”, good-looking hyphens, cut’n’pasteable mini → nroff manpage still has '' "" instead of ugly `' ``'' or even `´ → Debian lintian won’t complain any longer
2008-03-04 01:09:34 +01:00
.Aq miros\-discuss@mirbsd.org
update portmdoc, sprinke a few more macros that now work
2009-11-17 22:49:42 +01:00
or in the
• remove strcasestr.c, use home-grown implementation¹, call it stricmp, and have it return an API-correct const char * • enhance and stylify comments • a little KNF and simplifications • #ifdef DEBUG: replace strchr and strstr with ucstrchr and ucstrstr that take and return a non-const char *, and fix the violations • new cstrchr, cstrstr (take and give const char *) • new vstrchr, vstrstr (take const or not, give boolean value) • new afreechk(x) = afreechv(x,x) = if (x1) afree(x2, ATEMP) • new ksh_isdash(str) = (str != NULL) && !strcmp(str, "-") • replace the only use of strrchr with inlined code to shrink • minor man page fixes • Minix 3 signames are autogenerated with gcc • rename strlfun.c to strlcpy.c since we don't do strlcat(3) anyway, only strlcpy(3), and shorten it • dot.mkshrc: move MKSH=… down to the export line to not disturb the PS1 visual impression ☺ • dot.mkshrc: Lstripcom(): optimise • bump version ¹) side effect from creating API-correct cstrchr, cstrstr, etc. uses goto so it must be better ☻ tested on mirbsd-current via both Makefile and Build.sh
2007-03-04 04:04:28 +01:00
.Li \&#\&!/bin/mksh
now that we're definitively at 40 pages for the PDF manual, revert some of the changes in r1.81, and improve wording further
2007-06-23 21:07:14 +02:00
.Pq or Li \&#ksh
* remove redundancy * integrate compat.h, version.h into sh.h (dependency trick didn't work anyway) * mention #ksh in mksh(1) since the founder (twkm) said it's on topic too (don't remove mention of #mksh despite it's usually empty because of control)
2006-08-23 00:49:38 +02:00
IRC channel at
fix a typo and shrink it to 39 DIN A4 pages
2007-03-10 22:14:07 +01:00
.Pa irc.freenode.net:6667 .