diff --git a/qa/gnu/gcc/rune.c b/qa/gnu/gcc/rune.c
index 67c5dfb..a687dcc 100644
--- a/qa/gnu/gcc/rune.c
+++ b/qa/gnu/gcc/rune.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ main(void)
 	static Rune r[16] = L"Ciao Mondo!";
 	static Rune buf[16];
 
-	if((fd = create("/tmp/runetest.txt", OWRITE, 0666L)) < 0) {
+	if((fd = ocreate("/tmp/runetest.txt", OWRITE, 0666L)) < 0) {
 		print("FAIL: open: %r\n");
 		exits("FAIL");
 	}
diff --git a/qa/lib/c/hcube.c b/qa/lib/c/hcube.c
index 7b23668..be74a06 100644
--- a/qa/lib/c/hcube.c
+++ b/qa/lib/c/hcube.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fdfork(int fd, int post)
 		pipe(ch);
 
 		len = snprint(path, sizeof path, "hcube.%d.%d", getpid(), seq++);
-		pfd = create(path, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666);
+		pfd = ocreate(path, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666);
 		if(pfd == -1)
 			sysfatal("fdfork: create: %r");
 		snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "%d", ch[0]);
diff --git a/sys/include/9P2000.h b/sys/include/9P2000.h
index 7c44df3..3e80272 100644
--- a/sys/include/9P2000.h
+++ b/sys/include/9P2000.h
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@
 #define	NP_ORDWR	2	/* read and write */
 #define	NP_OEXEC	3	/* execute, == read but check execute permission */
 #define	NP_OTRUNC	16	/* or'ed in (except for exec), truncate file first */
+#define NP_OCEXEC	32	/* or'ed in, close on exec */
 #define	NP_ORCLOSE	64	/* or'ed in, remove on close */
 
 /* bits that must be zero in open/create mode */
-#define NP_OZEROES	~(NP_OREAD|NP_OWRITE|NP_ORDWR|NP_OEXEC|NP_OTRUNC|NP_ORCLOSE)
+#define NP_OZEROES	~(NP_OREAD|NP_OWRITE|NP_ORDWR|NP_OEXEC|NP_OTRUNC|NP_OCEXEC|NP_ORCLOSE)
 
 typedef enum NinepMsgType
 {
diff --git a/sys/include/libc.h b/sys/include/libc.h
index 81c72b8..4b5bfde 100644
--- a/sys/include/libc.h
+++ b/sys/include/libc.h
@@ -396,6 +396,7 @@ extern	void	longjmp(jmp_buf, int);
 extern	char*	mktemp(char*);
 extern	double	modf(double, double*);
 extern	void	notejmp(void*, jmp_buf, int);
+extern	int	ocreate(const char* path, unsigned int omode, unsigned int perm);
 extern	void	perror(const char*);
 extern	int	pipe(int pipes[2]);
 extern	int	postnote(int, int, const char *);
@@ -565,14 +566,12 @@ extern	void		freenetconninfo(NetConnInfo*);
 
 /* Open modes: Popular flags among filesystems */
 #define OTRUNC	0x0100		/* or'ed in (except for exec), truncate file first */
-#define OEXCL	0x0200		/* or'ed in, exclusive create */
 
 /* Access modes */
-#define	AEXIST	OSTAT	/* accessible: exists */
-#define	AREAD	OREAD	/* read access */
-#define	AWRITE	OWRITE	/* write access */
-#define	AEXEC	OEXEC	/* execute access */
-#define AMASK	(OSTAT|OREAD|OWRITE|OEXEC)
+#define	AEXIST	0	/* accessible: exists */
+#define	AREAD	4	/* read access */
+#define	AWRITE	2	/* write access */
+#define	AEXEC	1	/* execute access */
 
 /* Segattch */
 #define	SG_RONLY	0040	/* read only */
@@ -654,58 +653,23 @@ struct Waitmsg
 	char		*msg;
 } Waitmsg;
 
-//extern	void	_exits(const char*) __attribute__ ((noreturn));
-
 extern	int	access(const char*, int);
-//extern	int64_t	alarm(uint64_t);
-//extern	int	await(char*, int);
-//extern	int64_t	awake(int64_t);
 extern	int	awakened(int64_t);
-//extern	int	bind(const char*, const char*, int);
 extern	int	brk(void*);
-//extern	int	chdir(const char*);
-//extern	int	close(int);
-//extern	int	create(const char*, int, uint32_t);
-//extern	int	dup(int, int);
-//extern	int	errstr(char*, uint32_t);
-//extern	int	exec(const char*, char* const[]);
 extern	int	execl(const char*, ...);
 extern	int	forgivewkp(int64_t);
 extern	pid_t	fork(void);
-//extern	pid_t	rfork(int);
-//extern	int	fauth(int, const char*);
-//extern	int	fstat(int, uint8_t*, int);
-//extern	int	fwstat(int, uint8_t*, int);
-//extern	int	fversion(int, int, char*, int);
-//extern	int	mount(int, int, const char*, int, const char*, int);
-//extern	int	unmount(const char*, const char*);
-//extern	int	noted(int);
-//extern	int	notify(void(*)(void*, char*));
-//extern	int	open(const char*, int);
-//extern	int	fd2path(int, char*, int);
-// extern	int	fdflush(int);
-//extern	int	pipe(int*);
-//extern	int32_t	pread(int, void*, int32_t, int64_t);
-//extern	int32_t	pwrite(int, const void*, int32_t, int64_t);
-//extern	int32_t	read(int, void*, int32_t);
 extern	int32_t	readn(int, void*, int32_t);
-//extern	int	remove(const char*);
 extern	void*	sbrk(uint32_t);
 extern	int32_t	oseek(int, int32_t, int);
-//extern	int64_t	seek(int, int64_t, int);
 extern	void*	segattach(int, const char*, void*, unsigned long);
 extern	int	segdetach(void*);
 extern	int	segfree(void*, unsigned long);
-//extern	int	semacquire(int32_t*, int);
-//extern	int32_t	semrelease(int32_t*, int32_t);
 extern	void	sleep(int32_t);
 extern	int	stat(const char*, uint8_t*, int);
-//extern	int	tsemacquire(int32_t*, uint64_t);
 extern	Waitmsg*	wait(void);
 extern	int	waitpid(void);
-//extern	int32_t	write(int, const void*, int32_t);
 extern	int	wstat(const char*, uint8_t*, int);
-//extern	void*	rendezvous(void*, void*);
 
 extern	Dir*	dirstat(const char*);
 extern	Dir*	dirfstat(int);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/acme/acme.c b/sys/src/cmd/acme/acme.c
index db15b0b..ea54fe4 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/acme/acme.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/acme/acme.c
@@ -334,10 +334,10 @@ acmeerrorinit(void)
 	if(pipe(pfd) < 0)
 		error("can't create pipe");
 	sprint(acmeerrorfile, "/srv/acme.%s.%d", getuser(), mainpid);
-	fd = create(acmeerrorfile, OWRITE, 0666);
+	fd = ocreate(acmeerrorfile, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		remove(acmeerrorfile);
-  		fd = create(acmeerrorfile, OWRITE, 0666);
+  		fd = ocreate(acmeerrorfile, OWRITE, 0666);
 		if(fd < 0)
 			error("can't create acmeerror file");
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/acme/disk.c b/sys/src/cmd/acme/disk.c
index e775642..369f2c0 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/acme/disk.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/acme/disk.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ tempfile(void)
 		buf[5] = i;
 		if(access(buf, AEXIST) == 0)
 			continue;
-		fd = create(buf, ORDWR|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
+		fd = ocreate(buf, ORDWR|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
 		if(fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/acme/exec.c b/sys/src/cmd/acme/exec.c
index fa6005f..3c7ac8b 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/acme/exec.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/acme/exec.c
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ putfile(File *f, int q0, int q1, Rune *namer, int nname)
 			goto Rescue1;
 		}
 	}
-	fd = create(name, OWRITE, 0666);
+	fd = ocreate(name, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		warning(nil, "can't create file %s: %r\n", name);
 		goto Rescue1;
@@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ Hard:
 		n += i;
 		memmove(buf+n, "/cmd", 5);
 		n += 5;
-		fd = create("/env/path", OWRITE, 0666);
+		fd = ocreate("/env/path", OWRITE, 0666);
 		write(fd, buf, n);
 		close(fd);
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/acme/fsys.c b/sys/src/cmd/acme/fsys.c
index 6c830de..a8f1d26 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/acme/fsys.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/acme/fsys.c
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ fsysopen(Xfid *x, Fid *f)
 	int m;
 
 	/* can't truncate anything, so just disregard */
-	x->mode &= ~(NP_OTRUNC);
+	x->mode &= ~(NP_OTRUNC|NP_OCEXEC);
 	/* can't execute or remove anything */
 	if(x->mode==NP_OEXEC || (x->mode&NP_ORCLOSE))
 		goto Deny;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/acme/rows.c b/sys/src/cmd/acme/rows.c
index c2e3ff7..50322d9 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/acme/rows.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/acme/rows.c
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ rowdump(Row *row, char *file)
 		sprint(buf, "%s/acme.dump", home);
 		file = buf;
 	}
-	fd = create(file, OWRITE, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(file, OWRITE, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		warning(nil, "can't open %s: %r\n", file);
 		goto Rescue;
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ rowload(Row *row, char *file, int initing)
 		if(ndumped >= 0){
 			/* simplest thing is to put it in a file and load that */
 			sprint(buf, "/tmp/d%d.%.4sacme", getpid(), getuser());
-			fd = create(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0600);
+			fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0600);
 			if(fd < 0){
 				free(r);
 				warning(nil, "can't create temp file: %r\n");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/cron.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/cron.c
index b7ba30a..5f46dcb 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/cron.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/cron.c
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ int
 sleepuntil(uint32_t tm)
 {
 	uint32_t now = time(0);
-	
+
 	if (now < tm) {
 		sleep((tm - now)*1000);
 	}
-	
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ fatal(char *fmt, ...)
 static int
 openlock(char *file)
 {
-	return create(file, ORDWR, 0600);
+	return ocreate(file, ORDWR, 0600);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ createuser(void)
 	dirfwstat(fd, &d);
 	close(fd);
 	snprint(file, sizeof file, "/cron/%s/cron", user);
-	fd = create(file, OREAD, 0644);
+	fd = ocreate(file, OREAD, 0644);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		fatal("couldn't create %s: %r", file);
 	nulldir(&d);
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ initcap(void)
 }
 
 /*
- *  create a change uid capability 
+ *  create a change uid capability
  */
 char*
 mkcap(char *from, char *to)
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/keyfs.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/keyfs.c
index d926858..a9747c3 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/keyfs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/keyfs.c
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ writeusers(void)
 	}
 
 	/* write file */
-	fd = create(userkeys, OWRITE, 0660);
+	fd = ocreate(userkeys, OWRITE, 0660);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		free(buf);
 		fprint(2, "keyfs: can't write keys file\n");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/lib/wrbio.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/lib/wrbio.c
index 2590ad7..202217f 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/lib/wrbio.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/lib/wrbio.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ wrbio(char *file, Acctbio *a)
 
 	fd = open(file, OWRITE);
 	if(fd < 0){
-		fd = create(file, OWRITE, 0660);
+		fd = ocreate(file, OWRITE, 0660);
 		if(fd < 0)
 			error("can't create %s", file);
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/login.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/login.c
index fab8d52..7829fb0 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/login.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/login.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ setenv(char *var, char *val)
 {
 	int fd;
 
-	fd = create(var, OWRITE, 0644);
+	fd = ocreate(var, OWRITE, 0644);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		print("init: can't open %s\n", var);
 	else{
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstore.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstore.c
index 7f1ef7a..ab24ad0 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstore.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstore.c
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ getfile(SConn *conn, char *gf, uint8_t **buf, uint32_t *buflen, uint8_t *key, in
 	 * conn is already encrypted against wiretappers, but gf is also
 	 * encrypted against server breakin.
 	 */
-	if(buf == nil && (fd = create(gf, OWRITE, 0600)) < 0){
+	if(buf == nil && (fd = ocreate(gf, OWRITE, 0600)) < 0){
 		fprint(2, "secstore: can't open %s: %r\n", gf);
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstored.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstored.c
index 4deffce..c8af433 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstored.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secstored.c
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ putfile(SConn *conn, char *id, char *pf)
 	}
 
 	snprint(s, Maxmsg, "%s/store/%s/%s", SECSTORE_DIR, id, pf);
-	pd = create(s, OWRITE, 0660);
+	pd = ocreate(s, OWRITE, 0660);
 	if(pd < 0){
 		syslog(0, LOG, "can't open %s: %r", s);
 		return -1;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secuser.c b/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secuser.c
index 8c290ae..3af23b7 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secuser.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/auth/secstore/secuser.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ensure_exists(char *f, uint32_t perm)
 		return;
 	if(verbose)
 		fprint(2,"first time setup for secstore: create %s %lo\n", f, perm);
-	fd = create(f, OREAD, perm);
+	fd = ocreate(f, OREAD, perm);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		sysfatal("unable to create %s: %r", f);
 	close(fd);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cp.c b/sys/src/cmd/cp.c
index 480cbad..c60b26d 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cp.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cp.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ copy(char *from, char *to, int todir)
 		failed = 1;
 		return;
 	}
-	fdt=create(to, OWRITE, mode);
+	fdt=ocreate(to, OWRITE, mode);
 	if(fdt<0){
 		fprint(2, "cp: can't create %s: %r\n", to);
 		close(fdf);
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ copy(char *from, char *to, int todir)
 			dirt.gid = dirb->gid;
 		if(dirfwstat(fdt, &dirt) < 0)
 			fprint(2, "cp: warning: can't wstat %s: %r\n", to);
-	}			
+	}
 	free(dirb);
 	close(fdf);
 	close(fdt);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/dd.c b/sys/src/cmd/dd.c
index 0fb9244..7a38914 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/dd.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/dd.c
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	}
 	if(ofile){
 		if(dotrunc)
-			obf = create(ofile, OWRITE, 0664);
+			obf = ocreate(ofile, OWRITE, 0664);
 		else
 			obf = open(ofile, OWRITE);
 		if(obf < 0) {
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/disk/format.c b/sys/src/cmd/disk/format.c
index 3f2bd9a..f556abc 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/disk/format.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/disk/format.c
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	disk = opendisk(argv[0], 0, 0);
 	if(disk == nil) {
 		if(fflag) {
-			if((fd = create(argv[0], ORDWR, 0666)) >= 0) {
+			if((fd = ocreate(argv[0], ORDWR, 0666)) >= 0) {
 				file = argv[0];
 				close(fd);
 				disk = opendisk(argv[0], 0, 0);
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ sanitycheck(Disk *disk)
 	bad = 0;
 	if(dos && nresrv < 2 && seek(disk->fd, disk->secsize, 0) == disk->secsize
 	&& read(disk->fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) >= 5 && strncmp(buf, "part ", 5) == 0) {
-		fprint(2, 
+		fprint(2,
 			"there's a plan9 partition on the disk\n"
 			"and you didn't specify -r 2 (or greater).\n"
 			"either specify -r 2 or -x to disable this check.\n");
@@ -370,9 +370,9 @@ getdriveno(Disk *disk)
 		return 0x80;
 
 	/*
-	 * The name is of the format #SsdC0/foo 
+	 * The name is of the format #SsdC0/foo
 	 * or /dev/sdC0/foo.
-	 * So that we can just look for /sdC0, turn 
+	 * So that we can just look for /sdC0, turn
 	 * #SsdC0/foo into #/sdC0/foo.
 	 */
 	if(buf[0] == '#' && buf[1] == 'S')
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ getdriveno(Disk *disk)
 		if(p[0] == 's' && p[1] == 'd' && (p[2]=='C' || p[2]=='D') &&
 		    (p[3]=='0' || p[3]=='1'))
 			return 0x80 + (p[2]-'C')*2 + (p[3]-'0');
-		
+
 	return 0x80;
 }
 
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ dosfs(int dofat, int dopbs, Disk *disk, char *label, int argc, char *argv[], int
 	b->magic[1] = 0x3C;
 	b->magic[2] = 0x90;
 	memmove(b->version, "Plan9.00", sizeof(b->version));
-	
+
 	/*
 	 * Add bootstrapping code; offset is
 	 * determined from short jump (0xEB 0x??)
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ if(chatty) print("clustersize %d\n", clustersize);
 
 		/*
 		 * the number of fat bits depends on how much disk is left
-		 * over after you subtract out the space taken up by the fat tables. 
+		 * over after you subtract out the space taken up by the fat tables.
 		 * try both.  what a crock.
 		 */
 		fatbits = 12;
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ Tryagain:
 					clusters, newclusters);
 if(chatty) print("clusters %d\n", clusters);
 		}
-				
+
 if(chatty) print("try %d fatbits => %d clusters of %d\n", fatbits, clusters, clustersize);
 		switch(fatbits){
 		case 12:
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ if(chatty) print("try %d fatbits => %d clusters of %d\n", fatbits, clusters, clu
 		PUTSHORT(b->nheads, t->heads);
 		PUTLONG(b->nhidden, disk->offset);
 		PUTLONG(b->bigvolsize, volsecs);
-	
+
 		sprint(r, "FAT%d    ", fatbits);
 		if(fatbits == 32){
 			Dosboot32 *bb;
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ if(chatty) print("files @%lluX\n", seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
 
 	/*
 	 * Now positioned at the Files Area.
-	 * If we have any arguments, process 
+	 * If we have any arguments, process
 	 * them and write out.
 	 */
 	for(p = root; argc > 0; argc--, argv++, p += sizeof(Dosdir)){
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ if(chatty) print("files @%lluX\n", seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
 			length *= secsize*clustersize;
 			if((buf = malloc(length)) == 0)
 				fatal("out of memory");
-	
+
 			if(readn(sysfd, buf, d->length) != d->length)
 				fatal("read %s: %r", *argv);
 			memset(buf+d->length, 0, length-d->length);
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ if(chatty) print("%s @%lluX\n", d->name, seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
 			free(buf);
 
 			close(sysfd);
-	
+
 			/*
 			 * Allocate the FAT clusters.
 			 * We're assuming here that where we
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ fprint(2, "add %s at clust %lux\n", d->name, x);
 			PUTLONG(fi->sig, FATINFOSIG);
 			PUTLONG(fi->freeclust, clusters - fatlast);
 			PUTLONG(fi->nextfree, fatlast);
-	
+
 			if(seek(disk->wfd, (nresrv-1)*secsize, 0) < 0)
 				fatal("seek to fatinfo: %r\n");
 			if(write(disk->wfd, fi, secsize) < 0)
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ clustalloc(int flag)
 			fat[o+3] = x>>24;
 		}
 	}
-		
+
 	if(flag == Eof)
 		return 0;
 	else{
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkext.c b/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkext.c
index a0720f0..561b508 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkext.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkext.c
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	default:
 		usage();
 	}ARGEND
-	
+
 	Binits(&bin, 0, OREAD, binbuf, sizeof binbuf);
 	while(p = Brdline(&bin, '\n')){
 		p[Blinelen(&bin)-1] = '\0';
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ mkdirs(char *name, char *namep)
 		if(p[1] == '\0')
 			return;
 		*p = 0;
-		fd = create(buf, OREAD, 0775|DMDIR);
+		fd = ocreate(buf, OREAD, 0775|DMDIR);
 		close(fd);
 		*p = '/';
 	}
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ mkdir(char *name, uint32_t mode, uint32_t mtime, char *uid, char *gid)
 	char *p;
 	char olderr[256];
 
-	fd = create(name, OREAD, mode);
+	fd = ocreate(name, OREAD, mode);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		rerrstr(olderr, sizeof(olderr));
 		if((d = dirstat(name)) == nil || !(d->mode & DMDIR)){
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkfs.c b/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkfs.c
index 3826fa0..5e0c806 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkfs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/disk/mkfs.c
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ copy(Dir *d)
 		if(!p)
 			error("internal temporary file error");
 		strcpy(p+1, "__mkfstmp");
-		t = create(cptmp, OWRITE, 0666);
+		t = ocreate(cptmp, OWRITE, 0666);
 		if(t < 0){
 			warn("can't create %q: %r", newfile);
 			close(f);
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ mkdir(Dir *d)
 		arch(d);
 		return;
 	}
-	fd = create(newfile, OREAD, d->mode);
+	fd = ocreate(newfile, OREAD, d->mode);
 	nulldir(&nd);
 	nd.mode = d->mode;
 	nd.gid = d->gid;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/disk/rofs/rofs.c b/sys/src/cmd/disk/rofs/rofs.c
index 1e5df8b..f97ca9e 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/disk/rofs/rofs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/disk/rofs/rofs.c
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			sysfatal("pipe: %r");
 		if(srv){
 			snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "#s/%s", srvname);
-			fd = create(buf, OWRITE, 0666);
+			fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, 0666);
 			if(fd < 0)
 				sysfatal("create %s: %r", buf);
 			if(fprint(fd, "%d", pfd[0]) < 0)
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/dossrv/xfssrv.c b/sys/src/cmd/dossrv/xfssrv.c
index 45fde05..94f5550 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/dossrv/xfssrv.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/dossrv/xfssrv.c
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		open("/dev/null", OWRITE);
 		if(pipe(pipefd) < 0)
 			panic("pipe");
-		srvfd = create(srvfile, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0600);
+		srvfd = ocreate(srvfile, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0600);
 		if(srvfd < 0)
 			panic(srvfile);
 		fprint(srvfd, "%d", pipefd[0]);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ed.c b/sys/src/cmd/ed.c
index 11dd266..87b9321 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ed.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ed.c
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ commands(void)
 			if(!wrapp ||
 			  ((io = open(file, OWRITE)) == -1) ||
 			  ((seek(io, 0L, 2)) == -1))
-				if((io = create(file, OWRITE, 0666)) < 0)
+				if((io = ocreate(file, OWRITE, 0666)) < 0)
 					error(file);
 			Binit(&iobuf, io, OWRITE);
 			wrapp = 0;
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ rescue(void)
 	if(dol > zero) {
 		addr1 = zero+1;
 		addr2 = dol;
-		io = create("ed.hup", OWRITE, 0666);
+		io = ocreate("ed.hup", OWRITE, 0666);
 		if(io > 0){
 			Binit(&iobuf, io, OWRITE);
 			putfile();
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ init(void)
 	iblock = -1;
 	oblock = -1;
 	ichanged = 0;
-	if((tfile = create(tfname, ORDWR, 0600)) < 0){
+	if((tfile = ocreate(tfname, ORDWR, 0600)) < 0){
 		error1(T);
 		exits(0);
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportfs.c b/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportfs.c
index 034cb51..bc35b7d 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportfs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportfs.c
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		remote = na;
 		if((fd = dial(netmkaddr(na, 0, "importfs"), 0, 0, 0)) < 0)
 			sysfatal("can't dial %s: %r", na);
-	
+
 		ai = auth_proxy(fd, auth_getkey, "proto=p9any role=client %s", keyspec);
 		if(ai == nil)
 			sysfatal("%r: %s", na);
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	exclusions();
 
 	if(dbg) {
-		n = create(dbfile, OWRITE|OTRUNC, 0666);
+		n = ocreate(dbfile, OWRITE|OTRUNC, 0666);
 		dup(n, DFD);
 		close(n);
 	}
@@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (n == 0)
 				fatal("connection closed while reading arguments\n");
 
-			if (*p == '\n') 
+			if (*p == '\n')
 				*p = '\0';
 			if (*p++ == '\0')
 				break;
 		}
-		
+
 		if (tokenize(buf, args, nelem(args)) != 2)
 			fatal("impo arguments invalid: impo%s...\n", buf);
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
 			key[i+12] = rand();
 
-		if (initial) 
+		if (initial)
 			fatal("Protocol botch: old import\n");
 		if(readn(netfd, key, 4) != 4)
 			fatal("can't read key part; %r\n");
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 		switch (encproto) {
 		case Encssl:
-			netfd = pushssl(netfd, ealgs, fromserversecret, 
+			netfd = pushssl(netfd, ealgs, fromserversecret,
 						fromclientsecret, nil);
 			break;
 		case Enctls:
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			fatal("can't establish ssl connection: %r");
 	}
 	else if (filterp) {
-		if (initial) 
+		if (initial)
 			fatal("Protocol botch: don't know how to deal with this\n");
 		netfd = filter(netfd, filterp);
 	}
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		r = getsbuf();
 		if(r == 0)
 			fatal("Out of service buffers");
-			
+
 		n = localread9pmsg(netfd, r->buf, messagesize, &initial);
 		if(n <= 0)
 			fatal(nil);
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 }
 
 /*
- * WARNING: Replace this with the original version as soon as all 
+ * WARNING: Replace this with the original version as soon as all
  * _old_ imports have been replaced with negotiating imports.  Also
  * cpu relies on this (which needs to be fixed!) -- pb.
  */
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ reply(Fcall *r, Fcall *t, char *err)
 		t->type = Rerror;
 		t->ename = err;
 	}
-	else 
+	else
 		t->type = r->type + 1;
 
 	DEBUG(DFD, "\t%F\n", t);
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ freefid(int nr)
 		l = &f->next;
 	}
 
-	return 0;	
+	return 0;
 }
 
 Fid *
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ newfid(int nr)
 	new->fid = -1;
 	new->mid = 0;
 
-	return new;	
+	return new;
 }
 
 Fsrpc *
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ fatal(char *s, ...)
 		postnote(PNPROC, m->pid, "kill");
 
 	DEBUG(DFD, "%s\n", buf);
-	if (s) 
+	if (s)
 		sysfatal("%s", buf);	/* caution: buf could contain '%' */
 	else
 		exits(nil);
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ filter(int fd, char *cmd)
 	if ((s = strchr(newport, '\n')) != nil)
 		*s = '\0';
 
-	if ((nb = write(fd, newport, len)) < 0) 
+	if ((nb = write(fd, newport, len)) < 0)
 		sysfatal("getport; cannot write port; %r");
 	assert(nb == len);
 
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ filter(int fd, char *cmd)
 		close(fd);
 		close(p[0]);
 	}
-	return p[1];	
+	return p[1];
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportsrv.c b/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportsrv.c
index fe8a878..5d74ba5 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportsrv.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/exportfs/exportsrv.c
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ Xcreate(Fsrpc *t)
 
 
 	path = makepath(f->f, t->work.name);
-	f->fid = create(path, t->work.mode, t->work.perm);
+	f->fid = ocreate(path, t->work.mode, t->work.perm);
 	free(path);
 	if(f->fid < 0) {
 		errstr(err, sizeof err);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/fcp.c b/sys/src/cmd/fcp.c
index 2591a58..0968dff 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/fcp.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/fcp.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ copy(char *from, char *to, int todir)
 		failed = 1;
 		return;
 	}
-	fdt=create(to, OWRITE, mode);
+	fdt=ocreate(to, OWRITE, mode);
 	if(fdt<0){
 		fprint(2, "fcp: can't create %s: %r\n", to);
 		close(fdf);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ copy(char *from, char *to, int todir)
 			dirt.gid = dirb->gid;
 		if(dirfwstat(fdt, &dirt) < 0)
 			fprint(2, "fcp: warning: can't wstat %s: %r\n", to);
-	}			
+	}
 	free(dirb);
 	close(fdf);
 	close(fdt);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/hget.c b/sys/src/cmd/hget.c
index caf7cfb..60f500c 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/hget.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/hget.c
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		else
 			p = seprint(p, e, "%s", t);
 		u.postbody = postbody;
-		
+
 		break;
 	default:
 		usage();
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if(argc != 1)
 		usage();
 
-	
+
 	out.fd = 1;
 	out.written = 0;
 	out.offset = 0;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if(ofile != nil){
 		d = dirstat(ofile);
 		if(d == nil){
-			out.fd = create(ofile, OWRITE, 0664);
+			out.fd = ocreate(ofile, OWRITE, 0664);
 			if(out.fd < 0)
 				sysfatal("creating %s: %r", ofile);
 		} else {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ crackurl(URL *u, char *s)
 		u->page = nil;
 	}
 
-	/* get type */ 
+	/* get type */
 	for(p = s; *p; p++){
 		if(*p == '/'){
 			p = s;
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ crackurl(URL *u, char *s)
 	if(p = strchr(u->host, ':')) {
 		*p++ = 0;
 		u->port = p;
-	} else 
+	} else
 		u->port = method[u->method].name;
 
 	if(*(u->host) == 0){
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ dohttp(URL *u, URL *px, Range *r, Out *out, int32_t mtime)
 				cfd = -1;
 			}
 		}
-			
+
 		dfprint(fd, "\r\n", u->host);
 		if(u->postbody)
 			dfprint(fd,	"%s", u->postbody);
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ dohttp(URL *u, URL *px, Range *r, Out *out, int32_t mtime)
 
 		case 503:	/* Service unavailable */
 			sysfatal("Service unavailable");
-		
+
 		default:
 			sysfatal("Unknown response code %d", code);
 		}
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ doftp(URL *u, URL *px, Range *r, Out *out, int32_t mtime)
 		close(ctl);
 		return Eof;
 	}
-		
+
 	/* first try passive mode, then active */
 	data = passive(ctl, u);
 	if(data < 0){
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ active(int ctl, URL *u)
 	}
 	close(afd);
 	close(lcfd);
-	
+
 	return dfd;
 }
 
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/hjfs/cons.c b/sys/src/cmd/hjfs/cons.c
index f628612..a8ecd39 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/hjfs/cons.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/hjfs/cons.c
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ consproc(void *v)
 	char *s;
 	char *args[MAXARGS];
 	int rc;
-	
+
 	in = (Biobuf *) v;
 	for(;;){
 		s = Brdstr(in, '\n', 1);
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ initcons(char *service)
 	char buf[512];
 
 	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "/srv/%s.cmd", service);
-	fd = create(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		return;
 	pipe(pfd);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/hmi/console/utils.c b/sys/src/cmd/hmi/console/utils.c
index dd5b2ea..a74c10c 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/hmi/console/utils.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/hmi/console/utils.c
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ enabledebug(const char *file)
 	if (!debugging) {
 		if((fd = open(file, OCEXEC|OTRUNC|OWRITE)) < 0){
 			debug("open: %r\n");
-			if((fd = create(file, OCEXEC|OWRITE, 0666)) < 0)
+			if((fd = ocreate(file, OCEXEC|OWRITE, 0666)) < 0)
 				sysfatal("create %r");
 		}
 		dup(fd, 2);
@@ -211,9 +211,9 @@ post(char *srv, int fd)
 
 	fprint(2, "post %s...\n", srv);
 	sprint(buf, "#s/%s", srv);
-	f = create(buf, OWRITE, 0666);
+	f = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(f < 0)
-		sysfatal("create(%s)", srv);
+		sysfatal("ocreate(%s)", srv);
 	sprint(buf, "%d", fd);
 	if(write(f, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf))
 		sysfatal("write");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/hoc/hoc.y b/sys/src/cmd/hoc/hoc.y
index 6ba4560..5fbc4a0 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/hoc/hoc.y
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/hoc/hoc.y
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void	warning(char*, char*);
 %token	<sym>	FUNCTION PROCEDURE RETURN FUNC PROC READ
 %type	<formals>	formals
 %type	<inst>	expr stmt asgn prlist stmtlist
-%type	<inst>	cond while for if begin end 
+%type	<inst>	cond while for if begin end
 %type	<sym>	procname
 %type	<narg>	arglist
 %right	'=' ADDEQ SUBEQ MULEQ DIVEQ MODEQ
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ list:	  /* nothing */
 	| list '\n'
 	| list defn '\n'
 	| list asgn '\n'  { code2(xpop, STOP); return 1; }
-	| list stmt '\n'  { code(STOP); return 1; } 
+	| list stmt '\n'  { code(STOP); return 1; }
 	| list expr '\n'  { code2(printtop, STOP); return 1; }
 	| list error '\n' { yyerrok; }
 	;
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ moreinput(void)
 			expr = infile+2;
 		sprint(buf, "/tmp/hocXXXXXXX");
 		infile = mktemp(buf);
-		fd = create(infile, ORDWR|ORCLOSE, 0600);
+		fd = ocreate(infile, ORDWR|ORCLOSE, 0600);
 		if(fd < 0){
 			fprint(2, "%s: can't create temp. file: %r\n", progname);
 			return 0;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/import.c b/sys/src/cmd/import.c
index 0cfbfc2..edda6a3 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/import.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/import.c
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ post(char *name, char *envname, int srvfd)
 	int fd;
 	char buf[32];
 
-	fd = create(name, OWRITE, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(name, OWRITE, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		return;
 	sprint(buf, "%d",srvfd);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/init.c b/sys/src/cmd/init.c
index afbf140..93860b9 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/init.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/init.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ setenv(char *name, char *val)
 {
 	int fd;
 
-	fd = create(name, OWRITE, 0644);
+	fd = ocreate(name, OWRITE, 0644);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		fprint(2, "init: can't create %s: %r\n", name);
 	else{
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ip/dhcpd/db.c b/sys/src/cmd/ip/dhcpd/db.c
index a5c54be..f63bd68 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ip/dhcpd/db.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ip/dhcpd/db.c
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ lockopen(char *file)
 		}
 		if(strstr(err, "exist")){
 			/* no file, create an exclusive access file */
-			fd = create(file, ORDWR, DMEXCL|0664);
+			fd = ocreate(file, ORDWR, DMEXCL|0664);
 			if(fd >= 0)
 				return fd;
 		}
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ commitbinding(Binding *b)
 	}
 	setbinding(b, b->offeredto, now + b->offer);
 	b->lasttouched = now;
-	
+
 	if(writebinding(fd, b) < 0){
 		close(fd);
 		return -1;
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ releasebinding(Binding *b, char *id)
 	}
 	b->lease = 0;
 	b->expoffer = 0;
-	
+
 	if(writebinding(fd, b) < 0){
 		close(fd);
 		return -1;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ip/timesync.c b/sys/src/cmd/ip/timesync.c
index 86d1509..9f21b9f 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ip/timesync.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ip/timesync.c
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ openfreqfile(void)
 	}
 	fd = open(p, ORDWR);
 	if(fd < 0)
-		fd = create(p, ORDWR, 0666);
+		fd = ocreate(p, ORDWR, 0666);
 	free(p);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		return -1;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/lock.c b/sys/src/cmd/lock.c
index acc2209..32641d6 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/lock.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/lock.c
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	case -1:
 		error("fork");
 	case 0:
-		fd = create("/env/prompt", OWRITE, 0666);
+		fd = ocreate("/env/prompt", OWRITE, 0666);
 		if (fd >= 0) {
 			fprint(fd, "%s%% ", lock);
 			close(fd);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/mv.c b/sys/src/cmd/mv.c
index 47b1482..7662bdc 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/mv.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/mv.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		dirfrom = nil;
 		if(argc == 3
 		&& (dirfrom = dirstat(argv[1])) != nil
-		&& (dirfrom->mode & DMDIR)) 
+		&& (dirfrom->mode & DMDIR))
 			split(argv[argc-1], &todir, &toelem); /* mv dir1 dir2 */
 		else{				/* mv file... dir */
 			todir = argv[argc-1];
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ mv1(char *from, Dir *dirb, char *todir, char *toelem)
 		hardremove(toname);  /* because create() won't truncate file */
 	free(dirt);
 
-	fdt = create(toname, OWRITE, dirb->mode);
+	fdt = ocreate(toname, OWRITE, dirb->mode);
 	if(fdt < 0){
 		fprint(2, "mv: can't create %s: %r\n", toname);
 		close(fdf);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/cs.c b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/cs.c
index dd8bdec..bc5969c 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/cs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/cs.c
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ mountinit(char *service, char *mntpt)
 	/*
 	 *  make a /srv/cs
 	 */
-	f = create(service, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666);
+	f = ocreate(service, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666);
 	if(f < 0)
 		error(service);
 	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", p[1]);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dn.c b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dn.c
index b5fa786..8f01316 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dn.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dn.c
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ dnstats(char *file)
 {
 	int i, fd;
 
-	fd = create(file, OWRITE, 0666);
+	fd = ocreate(file, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		return;
 
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ dndump(char *file)
 	DN *dp;
 	RR *rp;
 
-	fd = create(file, OWRITE, 0666);
+	fd = ocreate(file, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		return;
 
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ rrattach1(RR *new, int auth)
 			if(rp->negative != new->negative) {
 				/* rp == *l before; *l == rp->next after */
 				rrdelhead(l);
-				continue;	
+				continue;
 			}
 			/* all things equal, pick the newer one */
 			else if(rp->arg0 == new->arg0 && rp->arg1 == new->arg1){
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dns.c b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dns.c
index ce47c71..0041668 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dns.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/dns.c
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ mountinit(char *service, char *mntpt)
 	/*
 	 *  make a /srv/dns
 	 */
-	if((f = create(service, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666)) < 0)
+	if((f = ocreate(service, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666)) < 0)
 		sysfatal("create %s failed: %r", service);
 	snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "%d", p[1]);
 	if(write(f, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf))
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhash.c b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhash.c
index 5edb207..5be66d9 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhash.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhash.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	Ndbtuple *t, *nt;
 	int n;
-	Dir *d;	
+	Dir *d;
 	uint8_t buf[8];
 	char file[128];
 	int fd;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* create the hash file */
 	snprint(file, sizeof(file), "%s.%s", argv[1], argv[2]);
-	fd = create(file, ORDWR, 0664);
+	fd = ocreate(file, ORDWR, 0664);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		fprint(2, "mkhash: can't create %s\n", file);
 		exits(syserr());
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhosts.c b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhosts.c
index 4c5fdde..f03ffd7 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhosts.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ndb/mkhosts.c
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		parse("/cfg/ndb/local");
 		parse("/cfg/ndb/friends");
 	}
-	
+
 	sprint(fn, "/cfg/ndb/db.%-.24s", domname);
-	fd = create(fn, OWRITE, 0664);
+	fd = ocreate(fn, OWRITE, 0664);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		fprint(2, "can't create %s: %r\n", fn);
 		exits("boom");
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	close(fd);
 
 	sprint(fn, "/cfg/ndb/equiv.%-.21s", domname);
-	fd = create(fn, OWRITE, 0664);
+	fd = ocreate(fn, OWRITE, 0664);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		fprint(2, "can't create %s: %r\n", fn);
 		exits("boom");
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	close(fd);
 
 	sprint(fn, "/cfg/ndb/txt.%-.23s", domname);
-	fd = create(fn, OWRITE, 0664);
+	fd = ocreate(fn, OWRITE, 0664);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		fprint(2, "can't create %s: %r\n", fn);
 		exits("boom");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/ramfs.c b/sys/src/cmd/ramfs.c
index 460d7ba..3b5b7da 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/ramfs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/ramfs.c
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if(defmnt == 0){
 			char buf[64];
 			snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "#s/%s", service);
-			fd = create(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666);
+			fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE, 0666);
 			if(fd < 0)
 				error("create failed");
 			sprint(buf, "%d", p[1]);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/rc/plan9.c b/sys/src/cmd/rc/plan9.c
index 291b4be..711f5de 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/rc/plan9.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/rc/plan9.c
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ Executable(char *file)
 int
 Creat(char *file)
 {
-	return create(file, OWRITE, 0666L);
+	return ocreate(file, OWRITE, 0666L);
 }
 
 int
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/rio/fsys.c b/sys/src/cmd/rio/fsys.c
index 69cc381..5fda892 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/rio/fsys.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/rio/fsys.c
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ post(char *name, char *envname, int srvfd)
 	int fd;
 	char buf[32];
 
-	fd = create(name, OWRITE|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(name, OWRITE|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0)
 		error(name);
 	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", srvfd);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sam/disk.c b/sys/src/cmd/sam/disk.c
index 6b8d037..d5d4ded 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sam/disk.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sam/disk.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 
+/*
  * This file is part of the UCB release of Plan 9. It is subject to the license
  * terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory of this
  * distribution and at http://akaros.cs.berkeley.edu/files/Plan9License. No
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ tempdisk(void)
 		buf[5] = i;
 		if(access(buf, AEXIST) == 0)
 			continue;
-		fd = create(buf, ORDWR|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
+		fd = ocreate(buf, ORDWR|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
 		if(fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sam/io.c b/sys/src/cmd/sam/io.c
index 0257d6f..4cad30e 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sam/io.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sam/io.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 
+/*
  * This file is part of the UCB release of Plan 9. It is subject to the license
  * terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory of this
  * distribution and at http://akaros.cs.berkeley.edu/files/Plan9License. No
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ writef(File *f)
 	if(genc)
 		free(genc);
 	genc = Strtoc(&genstr);
-	if((io=create(genc, OWRITE, 0666L)) < 0)
+	if((io=ocreate(genc, OWRITE, 0666L)) < 0)
 		error_r(Ecreate, genc);
 	dprint("%s: ", genc);
 	if(statfd(io, 0, 0, 0, &length, &appendonly) > 0 && appendonly && length>0)
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ connectto(char *machine, char **argv)
 	int p1[2], p2[2];
 	char **av;
 	int ac;
-	
+
 	// count args
 	for(av = argv; *av; av++)
 		;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sam/mesg.c b/sys/src/cmd/sam/mesg.c
index 10c70a8..c24c731 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sam/mesg.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sam/mesg.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 
+/*
  * This file is part of the UCB release of Plan 9. It is subject to the license
  * terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory of this
  * distribution and at http://akaros.cs.berkeley.edu/files/Plan9License. No
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ journal(int out, char *s)
 	static int fd = 0;
 
 	if(fd <= 0)
-		fd = create("/tmp/sam.out", OWRITE, 0666L);
+		fd = ocreate("/tmp/sam.out", OWRITE, 0666L);
 	fprint(fd, "%s%s\n", out? "out: " : "in:  ", s);
 }
 
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ vlong
 invlong(void)
 {
 	vlong v;
-	
+
 	v = (inp[7]<<24) | (inp[6]<<16) | (inp[5]<<8) | inp[4];
 	v = (v<<16) | (inp[3]<<8) | inp[2];
 	v = (v<<16) | (inp[1]<<8) | inp[0];
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ void
 outshort(int s)
 {
 	*outp++ = s;
-	*outp++ = s>>8; 
+	*outp++ = s>>8;
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sam/sam.c b/sys/src/cmd/sam/sam.c
index fc43650..dbd32d8 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sam/sam.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sam/sam.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 
+/*
  * This file is part of the UCB release of Plan 9. It is subject to the license
  * terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory of this
  * distribution and at http://akaros.cs.berkeley.edu/files/Plan9License. No
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	int i;
 	String *t;
 	char *termargs[10], **ap;
-	
+
 	ap = termargs;
 	*ap++ = "samterm";
 	ARGBEGIN{
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		break;
 	}ARGEND
 	*ap = nil;
-	
+
 	Strinit(&cmdstr);
 	Strinit0(&lastpat);
 	Strinit0(&lastregexp);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ rescue(void)
 			continue;
 		if(io == -1){
 			sprint(buf, "%s/sam.save", home);
-			io = create(buf, OWRITE, 0777);
+			io = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, 0777);
 			if(io<0)
 				return;
 		}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sam/shell.c b/sys/src/cmd/sam/shell.c
index 8be7081..1e2923b 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sam/shell.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sam/shell.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 
+/*
  * This file is part of the UCB release of Plan 9. It is subject to the license
  * terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory of this
  * distribution and at http://akaros.cs.berkeley.edu/files/Plan9License. No
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ plan9(File *f, int type, String *s, int nest)
 		snarf(f, addr.r.p1, addr.r.p2, &plan9buf, 1);
 	if((pid=fork()) == 0){
 		if(downloaded){	/* also put nasty fd's into errfile */
-			fd = create(errfile, OWRITE, 0666L);
+			fd = ocreate(errfile, OWRITE, 0666L);
 			if(fd < 0)
-				fd = create("/dev/null", OWRITE, 0666L);
+				fd = ocreate("/dev/null", OWRITE, 0666L);
 			dup(fd, 2);
 			close(fd);
 			/* 2 now points at err file */
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/samterm/plan9.c b/sys/src/cmd/samterm/plan9.c
index 4069b5c..d1fac99 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/samterm/plan9.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/samterm/plan9.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 
+/*
  * This file is part of the UCB release of Plan 9. It is subject to the license
  * terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory of this
  * distribution and at http://akaros.cs.berkeley.edu/files/Plan9License. No
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ snarfswap(char *fromsam, int nc, char **tosam)
 		free(s1);
 	} else
 		s1[n] = 0;
-	f = create("/dev/snarf", OWRITE, 0666);
+	f = ocreate("/dev/snarf", OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(f >= 0){
 		write(f, fromsam, nc);
 		close(f);
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ extstart(void)
 	if(pipe(p) < 0)
 		return;
 	sprint(exname, "/srv/sam.%s", getuser());
-	fd = create(exname, OWRITE, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(exname, OWRITE, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0){	/* assume existing guy is more important */
     Err:
 		close(p[0]);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sed.c b/sys/src/cmd/sed.c
index 990fc25..9ea3c60 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sed.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sed.c
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ open_file(char *name)
 	if ((bp = malloc(sizeof(Biobuf))) == 0)
 		quit("Out of memory");
 	if ((fd = open(name, OWRITE)) < 0 &&
-	    (fd = create(name, OWRITE, 0666)) < 0)
+	    (fd = ocreate(name, OWRITE, 0666)) < 0)
 		quit("Cannot create %s", name);
 	Binit(bp, fd, OWRITE);
 	Bseek(bp, 0, 2);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/sort.c b/sys/src/cmd/sort.c
index 971da6b..86ec66c 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/sort.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/sort.c
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	f = 1;
 	if(args.ofile) {
-		f = create(args.ofile, OWRITE, 0666);
+		f = ocreate(args.ofile, OWRITE, 0666);
 		if(f < 0) {
 			fprint(2, "sort: create %s: %r\n", args.ofile);
 			done("create");
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ tempout(void)
 	sort4(args.linep, args.nline);
 	tf = tempfile(args.ntemp);
 	args.ntemp++;
-	f = create(tf, OWRITE, 0666);
+	f = ocreate(tf, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(f < 0) {
 		fprint(2, "sort: create %s: %r\n", tf);
 		done("create");
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ mergeout(Biobuf *b)
 		if(n > Nmerge) {
 			tf = tempfile(args.ntemp);
 			args.ntemp++;
-			f = create(tf, OWRITE, 0666);
+			f = ocreate(tf, OWRITE, 0666);
 			if(f < 0) {
 				fprint(2, "sort: create %s: %r\n", tf);
 				done("create");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/split.c b/sys/src/cmd/split.c
index 503a9ea..a0db924 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/split.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/split.c
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * in case we didn't end with a newline, tack whatever's 
+		 * in case we didn't end with a newline, tack whatever's
 		 * left onto the last file
 		 */
 		while((n = Bread(b, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ nextfile(void)
 		canopen = 0;
 	} else {
 		snprint(name, sizeof name, "%s%s", stem, suff);
-		if(++suff[1] > 'z') 
+		if(++suff[1] > 'z')
 			suff[1] = 'a', ++suff[0];
 		openf();
 	}
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ matchfile(Resub *match)
 		strcpy(name+len, suffix);
 		openf();
 		return 1;
-	} 
+	}
 	return nextfile();
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ openf(void)
 	Bterm(output);
 	if(fd > 0)
 		close(fd);
-	fd = create(name,OWRITE,0666);
+	fd = ocreate(name,OWRITE,0666);
 	if(fd < 0) {
 		fprint(2, "grep: can't create %s: %r\n", name);
 		exits("create");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/srv.c b/sys/src/cmd/srv.c
index 18c305c..54493c4 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/srv.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/srv.c
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ post(char *srv, int fd)
 	char buf[128];
 
 	fprint(2, "post...\n");
-	f = create(srv, OWRITE, 0666);
+	f = ocreate(srv, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(f < 0){
 		sprint(buf, "create(%s)", srv);
 		error(buf);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/srvfs.c b/sys/src/cmd/srvfs.c
index bffc434..3f643fb 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/srvfs.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/srvfs.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		strecpy(buf, buf+sizeof buf, argv[0]);
 	else
 		snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "/srv/%s", argv[0]);
-	fd = create(buf, OWRITE, perm);
+	fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, perm);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		fprint(2, "can't create %s: %r\n", buf);
 		exits("create");
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/tar.c b/sys/src/cmd/tar.c
index bb41b62..7d910a0 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/tar.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/tar.c
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ replace(char **argv)
 	Pushstate ps;
 
 	if (usefile && docreate)
-		ar = create(usefile, OWRITE, 0666);
+		ar = ocreate(usefile, OWRITE, 0666);
 	else if (usefile)
 		ar = open(usefile, ORDWR);
 	else
@@ -1065,10 +1065,10 @@ openfname(Hdr *hp, char *fname, int dir, int mode)
 		if (!keepexisting || access(fname, AEXIST) < 0) {
 			int rw = (dir? OREAD: OWRITE);
 
-			fd = create(fname, rw, mode);
+			fd = ocreate(fname, rw, mode);
 			if (fd < 0) {
 				mkpdirs(fname);
-				fd = create(fname, rw, mode);
+				fd = ocreate(fname, rw, mode);
 			}
 			if (fd < 0 && (!dir || xaccess(fname, AEXIST) < 0))
 			    	cantcreate(fname, mode);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/tee.c b/sys/src/cmd/tee.c
index e591e9d..ff07a7a 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/tee.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/tee.c
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if(aflag) {
 			openf[n] = open(argv[0], OWRITE);
 			if(openf[n] < 0)
-				openf[n] = create(argv[0], OWRITE, 0666);
+				openf[n] = ocreate(argv[0], OWRITE, 0666);
 			seek(openf[n], 0L, 2);
 		} else
-			openf[n] = create(argv[0], OWRITE, 0666);
+			openf[n] = ocreate(argv[0], OWRITE, 0666);
 		if(openf[n] < 0) {
 			fprint(2, "tee: cannot open %s: %r\n", argv[0]);
 		} else
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/touch.c b/sys/src/cmd/touch.c
index 9ba6b17..8ae24b8 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/touch.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/touch.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	case 'c':
 		nocreate = 1;
 		break;
-	default:	
+	default:
 		usage();
 	}ARGEND
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ touch(int nocreate, char *name)
 		fprint(2, "touch: %s: cannot wstat: %r\n", name);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if((fd = create(name, OREAD|OEXCL, 0666)) < 0){
+	if((fd = create(name, OREAD, 0666)) < 0){
 		fprint(2, "touch: %s: cannot create: %r\n", name);
 		return 1;
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/usb/usbd/usbd.c b/sys/src/cmd/usb/usbd/usbd.c
index 7cbb3c0..7728697 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/usb/usbd/usbd.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/usb/usbd/usbd.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void
 fulfill(Req *req, Event *e)
 {
 	int n;
-	
+
 	n = e->len;
 	if(n > req->ifcall.count)
 		n = req->ifcall.count;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static void
 pushevent(Dev *d, char *data)
 {
 	Event *e;
-	
+
 	qlock(&evlock);
 	e = evlast;
 	evlast = emallocz(sizeof(Event), 1);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ formatdev(Dev *d, int type)
 	Usbdev *u = d->usb;
 	return smprint("%s %d %.4x %.4x %.6lx %s\n",
 		type ? "detach" : "attach",
-		d->id, u->vid, u->did, u->csp, 
+		d->id, u->vid, u->did, u->csp,
 		d->hname != nil ? d->hname : "");
 }
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ enumerate(Event **l)
 	Port *p;
 	Dev *d;
 	int i;
-	
+
 	for(h = hubs; h != nil; h = h->next){
 		for(i = 1; i <= h->nport; i++){
 			p = &h->port[i];
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		break;
 	} ARGEND;
 
-	busyfd = create("/env/usbbusy", ORCLOSE, 0600);
+	busyfd = ocreate("/env/usbbusy", ORCLOSE, 0600);
 	quotefmtinstall();
 	initevent();
 	rfork(RFNOTEG);
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/amd64/trap.c b/sys/src/kern/amd64/trap.c
index d071cda..646df15 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/amd64/trap.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/amd64/trap.c
@@ -609,7 +609,8 @@ faultamd64(Ureg* ureg, void* _1)
 	insyscall = up->insyscall;
 	up->insyscall = 1;
 if(iskaddr(addr)){
-	print("kaddr %#llux pc %#p\n", addr, ureg->ip); prflush();
+	print("kaddr %#llux pc %#p\n", addr, ureg->ip);
+//	prflush();
 	dumpregs(ureg);
 }
 	if(fault(addr, ureg->ip, ftype) < 0){
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/boot/aux.c b/sys/src/kern/boot/aux.c
index 9520658..0a19197 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/boot/aux.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/boot/aux.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ savelogsproc(void)
 
 	out = open("/sys/log/kernel", OWRITE);
 	if(out < 0){
-		out = create("/sys/log/kernel", OWRITE, 0600);
+		out = ocreate("/sys/log/kernel", OWRITE, 0600);
 		if(out < 0){
 			fprint(2, "savelogs: cannot create /sys/log/kernel: %r\n");
 			return;
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ setenv(char *name, char *val)
 	char ename[64];
 
 	snprint(ename, sizeof ename, "#e/%s", name);
-	f = create(ename, OWRITE, 0666);
+	f = ocreate(ename, OWRITE, 0666);
 	if(f < 0){
 		fprint(2, "create %s: %r\n", ename);
 		return;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ srvcreate(char *name, int fd)
 		srvname = name;
 
 	snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "#s/%s", srvname);
-	f = create(buf, OWRITE, 0600);
+	f = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, 0600);
 	if(f < 0)
 		fatal(buf);
 	sprint(buf, "%d", fd);
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/port/chan.c b/sys/src/kern/port/chan.c
index bbb42d0..9640734 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/port/chan.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/port/chan.c
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ namec(char *aname, int amode, int omode, int perm)
 	Elemlist e;
 	Rune r;
 	Mhead *mh;
-	char *createerr, tmperrbuf[ERRMAX];
+	char tmperrbuf[ERRMAX];
 	char *name;
 	Dev *dev;
 
@@ -1309,13 +1309,7 @@ namec(char *aname, int amode, int omode, int perm)
 		dev = devtabget(r, 1);			//XDYNX
 		if(dev == nil)
 			error(Ebadsharp);
-		//if(waserror()){
-		//	devtabdecr(dev);
-		//	nexterror();
-		//}
 		c = dev->attach(nil, nil, up->genbuf+n, 0);
-		//poperror();
-		//devtabdecr(dev);
 		break;
 
 	default:
@@ -1403,7 +1397,6 @@ namec(char *aname, int amode, int omode, int perm)
 	case Aaccess:
 	case Aremove:
 	case Aopen:
-	Open:
 		/* save&update the name; domount might change c */
 		path = c->path;
 		incref(&path->r);
@@ -1482,58 +1475,13 @@ namec(char *aname, int amode, int omode, int perm)
 	case Acreate:
 		/*
 		 * We've already walked all but the last element.
-		 * If the last exists, try to open it OTRUNC.
-		 * If omode&OEXCL is set, just give up.
+		 * If the last exists just give up.
 		 */
 		e.nelems++;
 		e.nerror++;
-		if(walk(&c, e.elems+e.nelems-1, 1, nomount, nil) == 0){
-			if(omode&OEXCL)
-				error(Eexist);
-			omode |= OTRUNC;
-			goto Open;
-		}
+		if(walk(&c, e.elems+e.nelems-1, 1, nomount, nil) == 0)
+			error(Eexist);
 
-		/*
-		 * The semantics of the create(2) system call are that if the
-		 * file exists and can be written, it is to be opened with truncation.
-		 * On the other hand, the create(5) message fails if the file exists.
-		 * If we get two create(2) calls happening simultaneously,
-		 * they might both get here and send create(5) messages, but only
-		 * one of the messages will succeed.  To provide the expected create(2)
-		 * semantics, the call with the failed message needs to try the above
-		 * walk again, opening for truncation.  This correctly solves the
-		 * create/create race, in the sense that any observable outcome can
-		 * be explained as one happening before the other.
-		 * The create/create race is quite common.  For example, it happens
-		 * when two rc subshells simultaneously update the same
-		 * environment variable.
-		 *
-		 * The implementation still admits a create/create/remove race:
-		 * (A) walk to file, fails
-		 * (B) walk to file, fails
-		 * (A) create file, succeeds, returns
-		 * (B) create file, fails
-		 * (A) remove file, succeeds, returns
-		 * (B) walk to file, return failure.
-		 *
-		 * This is hardly as common as the create/create race, and is really
-		 * not too much worse than what might happen if (B) got a hold of a
-		 * file descriptor and then the file was removed -- either way (B) can't do
-		 * anything with the result of the create call.  So we don't care about this race.
-		 *
-		 * Applications that care about more fine-grained decision of the races
-		 * can use the OEXCL flag to get at the underlying create(5) semantics;
-		 * by default we provide the common case.
-		 *
-		 * We need to stay behind the mount point in case we
-		 * need to do the first walk again (should the create fail).
-		 *
-		 * We also need to cross the mount point and find the directory
-		 * in the union in which we should be creating.
-		 *
-		 * The channel staying behind is c, the one moving forward is cnew.
-		 */
 		mh = nil;
 		cnew = nil;		/* is this assignment necessary? */
 		if(!waserror()){	/* try create */
@@ -1555,7 +1503,7 @@ namec(char *aname, int amode, int omode, int perm)
 			cnew->path = c->path;
 			incref(&cnew->path->r);
 
-			cnew = cnew->dev->create(cnew, e.elems[e.nelems-1], omode&~(OEXCL|OCEXEC), perm);
+			cnew = cnew->dev->create(cnew, e.elems[e.nelems-1], omode&~(OCEXEC), perm);
 			poperror();
 			if(omode & OCEXEC)
 				cnew->flag |= CCEXEC;
@@ -1570,19 +1518,7 @@ namec(char *aname, int amode, int omode, int perm)
 		/* create failed */
 		cclose(cnew);
 		putmhead(mh);
-		if(omode & OEXCL)
-			nexterror();
-		/* save error */
-		createerr = up->errstr;
-		up->errstr = tmperrbuf;
-		/* note: we depend that walk does not error */
-		if(walk(&c, e.elems+e.nelems-1, 1, nomount, nil) < 0){
-			up->errstr = createerr;
-			error(createerr);	/* report true error */
-		}
-		up->errstr = createerr;
-		omode |= OTRUNC;
-		goto Open;
+		nexterror();
 
 	default:
 		panic("unknown namec access %d", amode);
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/port/dev9p.c b/sys/src/kern/port/dev9p.c
index 8128f67..3a6c6e9 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/port/dev9p.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/port/dev9p.c
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ ninep2mode(int omode9p)
 	if((omode9p&~0xff) || (omode9p&NP_OZEROES))
 		error("invalid 9P2000 open mode");
 
-	switch(omode9p & ~(NP_OTRUNC|NP_ORCLOSE)){
+	switch(omode9p & ~(NP_OTRUNC|NP_ORCLOSE|NP_OCEXEC)){
 	case NP_OREAD:
 		return OREAD;
 	case NP_OWRITE:
@@ -513,10 +513,12 @@ ninep2mode(int omode9p)
 	default:
 		error("invalid 9P2000 open mode");
 	}
-	if(omode9p & NP_OTRUNC)
-		mode |= OTRUNC;
+	if(omode9p & NP_OCEXEC)
+		mode |= OCEXEC;
 	if(omode9p & NP_ORCLOSE)
 		mode |= ORCLOSE;
+	if(omode9p & NP_OTRUNC)
+		mode |= OTRUNC;
 
 	return mode;
 }
@@ -542,6 +544,8 @@ mode2ninep(unsigned long mode)
 		omode9p |= NP_OEXEC;
 	if(mode & ORCLOSE)
 		omode9p |= NP_ORCLOSE;
+	if(mode & OCEXEC)
+		omode9p |= NP_OCEXEC;
 
 	/* this is an approssimation: in Jehanne this bit might means
 	 * something different to a server, but then the
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/port/devcons.c b/sys/src/kern/port/devcons.c
index e67cf29..d06a95f 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/port/devcons.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/port/devcons.c
@@ -245,11 +245,9 @@ void
 prflush(void)
 {
 	unsigned long now;
-//	uint32_t now;
 
 	now = sys->ticks;
 	while(consactive())
-//		uartpush();
 		if(sys->ticks - now >= 30*HZ)
 			break;
 }
@@ -365,7 +363,6 @@ print(char *fmt, ...)
 	n = vseprint(buf, buf+sizeof(buf), fmt, arg) - buf;
 	va_end(arg);
 	putstrn(buf, n);
-if(strchr(buf, '\n') != nil)prflush();
 
 	return n;
 }
@@ -452,7 +449,7 @@ panic(char *fmt, ...)
 	buf[n] = '\n';
 	putstrn(buf, n+1);
 //	dumpstack();
-	prflush();
+//	prflush();
 //	dump();
 
 	exit(1);
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/port/devsrv.c b/sys/src/kern/port/devsrv.c
index 666f67a..202c40b 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/port/devsrv.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/port/devsrv.c
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ srvcreate(Chan *c, char *name, unsigned long omode, unsigned long perm)
 {
 	Srv *sp;
 
-	if(openmode(omode & ~ORCLOSE) != OWRITE){
+	if(openmode(omode & ~(ORCLOSE|OTRUNC)) != OWRITE){
 		errorf("srvcreate: omode %#p openmode %#p", omode, openmode(omode & ~ORCLOSE));
 		//error(Eperm);
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/port/lib.h b/sys/src/kern/port/lib.h
index 64c73e0..f5923c1 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/port/lib.h
+++ b/sys/src/kern/port/lib.h
@@ -204,7 +204,6 @@ extern	uint64_t	strtoull(char*, char**, int);
 
 /* OPEN MODES: Popular flags among filesystems */
 #define OTRUNC	0x0100		/* or'ed in (except for exec), truncate file first */
-#define OEXCL	0x0200		/* or'ed in, exclusive create */
 
 #define NCONT	0	/* continue after note */
 #define NDFLT	1	/* terminate after note */
diff --git a/sys/src/kern/port/sysfile.c b/sys/src/kern/port/sysfile.c
index 47e80cb..05e6951 100644
--- a/sys/src/kern/port/sysfile.c
+++ b/sys/src/kern/port/sysfile.c
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ syscreate(char* aname, uint32_t omode, uint32_t perm)
 	int fd;
 	Chan *c;
 
-	openmode(omode & ~OEXCL);	/* error check only; OEXCL okay here */
+	openmode(omode);	/* error check only; OEXCL okay here */
 	c = nil;
 	if(waserror()) {
 		if(c != nil)
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/9p/srv.c b/sys/src/lib/9p/srv.c
index 9937971..5fff6d0 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/9p/srv.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/9p/srv.c
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ sopen(Srv *srv, Req *r)
 		respond(r, Ebotch);
 		return;
 	}
-	if((r->fid->qid.type&QTDIR) && (r->ifcall.mode&~ORCLOSE) != NP_OREAD){
+	if((r->fid->qid.type&QTDIR) && (r->ifcall.mode&~NP_ORCLOSE) != NP_OREAD){
 		respond(r, Eisdir);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ sread(Srv *srv, Req *r)
 		r->ifcall.count = srv->msize - IOHDRSZ;
 	r->rbuf = emalloc9p(r->ifcall.count);
 	r->ofcall.data = r->rbuf;
-	o = r->fid->omode & 7;
+	o = r->fid->omode & 3;
 	if(o != NP_OREAD && o != NP_ORDWR && o != NP_OEXEC){
 		respond(r, Ebotch);
 		return;
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ swrite(Srv *srv, Req *r)
 	}
 	if(r->ifcall.count > srv->msize - IOHDRSZ)
 		r->ifcall.count = srv->msize - IOHDRSZ;
-	o = r->fid->omode & 7;
+	o = r->fid->omode & 3;
 	if(o != NP_OWRITE && o != NP_ORDWR){
 		snprint(e, sizeof e, "write on fid with open mode 0x%ux", r->fid->omode);
 		respond(r, e);
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ postfd(char *name, int pfd)
 	snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "/srv/%s", name);
 	if(chatty9p)
 		fprint(2, "postfd %s\n", buf);
-	fd = create(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE|ORCLOSE|OCEXEC, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		if(chatty9p)
 			fprint(2, "create fails: %r\n");
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ sharefd(char *name, char *desc, int pfd)
 	snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "#σc/%s/%s", name, desc);
 	if(chatty9p)
 		fprint(2, "sharefd %s\n", buf);
-	fd = create(buf, OWRITE, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, 0600);
 	if(fd < 0){
 		if(chatty9p)
 			fprint(2, "create fails: %r\n");
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/auth/newns.c b/sys/src/lib/auth/newns.c
index ea37b3b..919b782 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/auth/newns.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/auth/newns.c
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ setenv(char *name, char *val)
 	int32_t s;
 
 	sprint(ename, "#e/%s", name);
-	f = create(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
+	f = ocreate(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
 	if(f < 0)
 		return -1;
 	s = strlen(val);
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/bio/binit.c b/sys/src/lib/bio/binit.c
index 2280ac2..b02c56a 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/bio/binit.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/bio/binit.c
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Bopen(char *name, int mode)
 		f = open(name, mode);
 		break;
 	case OWRITE:
-		f = create(name, mode, 0666);
+		f = ocreate(name, mode, 0666);
 		break;
 	}
 	if(f < 0)
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/access.c b/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/access.c
index 8a39b5f..1ff435f 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/access.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/access.c
@@ -15,7 +15,17 @@ access(const char *name, int mode)
 {
 	int fd;
 	Dir *db;
-	mode &= AMASK;
+
+	static char omode[] = {
+		0,
+		OEXEC,
+		OWRITE,
+		ORDWR,
+		OREAD,
+		OEXEC,  /* only approximate */
+		ORDWR,
+		ORDWR   /* only approximate */
+	};
 
 	if(mode == AEXIST){
 		db = dirstat(name);
@@ -24,7 +34,7 @@ access(const char *name, int mode)
 			return 0;
 		return -1;
 	}
-	fd = open(name, mode);
+	fd = open(name, omode[mode&7]);
 	if(fd >= 0){
 		close(fd);
 		return 0;
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/ocreate.c b/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/ocreate.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88e4571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/ocreate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of Jehanne.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Giacomo Tesio <giacomo@tesio.it>
+ *
+ * Jehanne is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * Jehanne is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Jehanne.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+/* ocreate works like the Plan 9 create(2) syscall, but with different races.
+ * In Plan 9 tjere os a race due to the different behaviour between the
+ * create syscall and the Tcreate message in 9P2000 when the file already exists:
+ * see https://github.com/brho/plan9/blob/master/sys/src/9/port/chan.c#L1564-L1603
+ * for details.
+ *
+ * In Jehanne the create syscall fails on existing files just like the Tcreate message.
+ * However the Plan 9/UNIX semantic is often useful, thus ocreate mimic it in userspace.
+ * As wisely noted by Charles Forsyth, such implementation introduce a different race
+ * due to the multiple evaluations of the path: on concurrent namespace changes, the
+ * different syscalls here could be handled by different devices/fileservers.
+ * However, given the user is responsible of such namespace changes, we prefer this race
+ * to the original Plan 9 one.
+ *
+ * For more info see http://marc.info/?t=146412533100003&r=1&w=2
+ */
+int
+ocreate(const char *path, unsigned int omode, unsigned int perm)
+{
+	int fd;
+	Dir *s;
+
+	fd = open(path, omode|OTRUNC);
+	if(fd < 0){
+		fd = create(path, omode, perm);
+		if(fd < 0){
+			fd = open(path, omode|OTRUNC);
+			if(fd < 0)
+				goto Done;
+		} else {
+			goto Done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	s = dirfstat(fd);
+	if(s == nil){
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(s->mode != perm){
+		s->mode = perm;
+		dirfwstat(fd, s); /* we ignore the return value, the device/server is allowed to ignore us */
+	}
+	free(s);
+
+Done:
+	return fd;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/putenv.c b/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/putenv.c
index 155e03f..cd84a79 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/putenv.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/c/9sys/putenv.c
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ putenv(const char *name, const char *val)
 	snprint(ename, sizeof ename, "/env/%s", name);
 	if(strcmp(ename+5, name) != 0)
 		return -1;
-	f = create(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
+	f = ocreate(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
 	if(f < 0){
 		/* try with #e, in case of a previous rfork(RFCNAMEG)
 		 */
 		snprint(ename, sizeof ename, "#e/%s", name);
-		f = create(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
+		f = ocreate(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
 		if(f < 0)
 			return -1;
 		return -1;
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/c/build.json b/sys/src/lib/c/build.json
index 6de15f9..aa320ac 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/c/build.json
+++ b/sys/src/lib/c/build.json
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 			"9sys/getwd.c",
 			"9sys/iounit.c",
 			"9sys/nulldir.c",
+			"9sys/ocreate.c",
 			"9sys/pipe.c",
 			"9sys/postnote.c",
 			"9sys/privalloc.c",
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/draw/init.c b/sys/src/lib/draw/init.c
index 20f4a5a..f182d76 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/draw/init.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/draw/init.c
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ geninitdraw(char *devdir, void(*error)(Display*, char*),
 		if(fd >= 0){
 			read(fd, display->oldlabel, (sizeof display->oldlabel)-1);
 			close(fd);
-			fd = create(buf, OWRITE, 0666);
+			fd = ocreate(buf, OWRITE, 0666);
 			if(fd >= 0){
 				write(fd, label, strlen(label));
 				close(fd);
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/plumb/mesg.c b/sys/src/lib/plumb/mesg.c
index 2ca85ad..8bc1ccd 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/plumb/mesg.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/plumb/mesg.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ plumbopen(char *name, int omode)
 
 	if(name[0] == '/')
 		return open(name, omode);
-		
+
 	/* find elusive plumber */
 	if(access("/mnt/plumb/send", AWRITE) >= 0)
 		plumber = "/mnt/plumb";
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ plumbopen(char *name, int omode)
 
 	/* try creating port; used by non-standard plumb implementations */
 	rerrstr(err, sizeof err);
-	fd = create(buf, omode, 0600);
+	fd = ocreate(buf, omode, 0600);
 	if(fd >= 0)
 		return fd;
 	errstr(err, sizeof err);
diff --git a/sys/src/lib/stdio/freopen.c b/sys/src/lib/stdio/freopen.c
index f9d663c..ae938f4 100644
--- a/sys/src/lib/stdio/freopen.c
+++ b/sys/src/lib/stdio/freopen.c
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ FILE *freopen(const char *name, const char *mode, FILE *f){
 		f->fd=open(name, (*mode == '+'? ORDWR: OREAD));
 		break;
 	case 'w':
-		f->fd=create(name, (*mode == '+'? ORDWR: OWRITE), 0666);
+		f->fd=ocreate(name, (*mode == '+'? ORDWR: OWRITE), 0666);
 		break;
 	case 'a':
 		m = (*mode == '+'? ORDWR: OWRITE);
 		f->fd=open(name, m);
 		if(f->fd<0)
-			f->fd=create(name, m, 0666);
+			f->fd=ocreate(name, m, 0666);
 		seek(f->fd, 0LL, 2);
 		break;
 	}